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Allais-Bonnet A, Grohs C, Medugorac I, Krebs S, Djari A, Graf A, Fritz S, Seichter D, Baur A, Russ I, Bouet S, Rothammer S, Wahlberg P, Esquerré D, Hoze C, Boussaha M, Weiss B, Thépot D, Fouilloux MN, Rossignol MN, van Marle-Köster E, Hreiðarsdóttir GE, Barbey S, Dozias D, Cobo E, Reversé P, Catros O, Marchand JL, Soulas P, Roy P, Marquant-Leguienne B, Le Bourhis D, Clément L, Salas-Cortes L, Venot E, Pannetier M, Phocas F, Klopp C, Rocha D, Fouchet M, Journaux L, Bernard-Capel C, Ponsart C, Eggen A, Blum H, Gallard Y, Boichard D, Pailhoux E, Capitan A. Novel insights into the bovine polled phenotype and horn ontogenesis in Bovidae. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63512. [PMID: 23717440 PMCID: PMC3661542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite massive research efforts, the molecular etiology of bovine polledness and the developmental pathways involved in horn ontogenesis are still poorly understood. In a recent article, we provided evidence for the existence of at least two different alleles at the Polled locus and identified candidate mutations for each of them. None of these mutations was located in known coding or regulatory regions, thus adding to the complexity of understanding the molecular basis of polledness. We confirm previous results here and exhaustively identify the causative mutation for the Celtic allele (PC) and four candidate mutations for the Friesian allele (PF). We describe a previously unreported eyelash-and-eyelid phenotype associated with regular polledness, and present unique histological and gene expression data on bovine horn bud differentiation in fetuses affected by three different horn defect syndromes, as well as in wild-type controls. We propose the ectopic expression of a lincRNA in PC/p horn buds as a probable cause of horn bud agenesis. In addition, we provide evidence for an involvement of OLIG2, FOXL2 and RXFP2 in horn bud differentiation, and draw a first link between bovine, ovine and caprine Polled loci. Our results represent a first and important step in understanding the genetic pathways and key process involved in horn bud differentiation in Bovidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Allais-Bonnet
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Cécile Grohs
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Ivica Medugorac
- Chair of Animal Genetics and Husbandry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Krebs
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anis Djari
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Plateforme bioinformatique Genotoul, UR875 Biométrie et Intelligence Artificielle, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Alexander Graf
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sébastien Fritz
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- National Association of Livestock & Artificial Insemination Cooperatives, Paris, France
| | | | - Aurélia Baur
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- National Association of Livestock & Artificial Insemination Cooperatives, Paris, France
| | - Ingolf Russ
- Tierzuchtforschung e.V. München, Grub, Germany
| | - Stéphan Bouet
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sophie Rothammer
- Chair of Animal Genetics and Husbandry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Per Wahlberg
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Diane Esquerré
- GeT-PlaGe, Genotoul, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR444 Génétique Cellulaire, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Chris Hoze
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- National Association of Livestock & Artificial Insemination Cooperatives, Paris, France
| | - Mekki Boussaha
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bernard Weiss
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Dominique Thépot
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | | | - Este van Marle-Köster
- Department of Animal & Wildlife Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Sarah Barbey
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UE0326 Domaine expérimental du Pin-au-Haras, Exmes, France
| | - Dominique Dozias
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UE0326 Domaine expérimental du Pin-au-Haras, Exmes, France
| | - Emilie Cobo
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UE0326 Domaine expérimental du Pin-au-Haras, Exmes, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Le Bourhis
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- National Association of Livestock & Artificial Insemination Cooperatives, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Clément
- National Association of Livestock & Artificial Insemination Cooperatives, Paris, France
| | - Laura Salas-Cortes
- National Association of Livestock & Artificial Insemination Cooperatives, Paris, France
| | - Eric Venot
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Maëlle Pannetier
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Florence Phocas
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Christophe Klopp
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Plateforme bioinformatique Genotoul, UR875 Biométrie et Intelligence Artificielle, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Dominique Rocha
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Laurent Journaux
- National Association of Livestock & Artificial Insemination Cooperatives, Paris, France
| | | | - Claire Ponsart
- National Association of Livestock & Artificial Insemination Cooperatives, Paris, France
| | - André Eggen
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yves Gallard
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UE0326 Domaine expérimental du Pin-au-Haras, Exmes, France
| | - Didier Boichard
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Eric Pailhoux
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Aurélien Capitan
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- National Association of Livestock & Artificial Insemination Cooperatives, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Capitan A, Allais-Bonnet A, Pinton A, Marquant-Le Guienne B, Le Bourhis D, Grohs C, Bouet S, Clément L, Salas-Cortes L, Venot E, Chaffaux S, Weiss B, Delpeuch A, Noé G, Rossignol MN, Barbey S, Dozias D, Cobo E, Barasc H, Auguste A, Pannetier M, Deloche MC, Lhuilier E, Bouchez O, Esquerré D, Salin G, Klopp C, Donnadieu C, Chantry-Darmon C, Hayes H, Gallard Y, Ponsart C, Boichard D, Pailhoux E. A 3.7 Mb deletion encompassing ZEB2 causes a novel polled and multisystemic syndrome in the progeny of a somatic mosaic bull. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49084. [PMID: 23152852 PMCID: PMC3494662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polled and Multisystemic Syndrome (PMS) is a novel developmental disorder occurring in the progeny of a single bull. Its clinical spectrum includes polledness (complete agenesis of horns), facial dysmorphism, growth delay, chronic diarrhea, premature ovarian failure, and variable neurological and cardiac anomalies. PMS is also characterized by a deviation of the sex-ratio, suggesting male lethality during pregnancy. Using Mendelian error mapping and whole-genome sequencing, we identified a 3.7 Mb deletion on the paternal bovine chromosome 2 encompassing ARHGAP15, GTDC1 and ZEB2 genes. We then produced control and affected 90-day old fetuses to characterize this syndrome by histological and expression analyses. Compared to wild type individuals, affected animals showed a decreased expression of the three deleted genes. Based on a comparison with human Mowat-Wilson syndrome, we suggest that deletion of ZEB2, is responsible for most of the effects of the mutation. Finally sperm-FISH, embryo genotyping and analysis of reproduction records confirmed somatic mosaicism in the founder bull and male-specific lethality during the first third of gestation. In conclusion, we identified a novel locus involved in bovid horn ontogenesis and suggest that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition plays a critical role in horn bud differentiation. We also provide new insights into the pathogenicity of ZEB2 loss of heterozygosity in bovine and humans and describe the first case of male-specific lethality associated with an autosomal locus in a non-murine mammalian species. This result sets PMS as a unique model to study sex-specific gene expression/regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Capitan
- INRA, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Le Guillou S, Sdassi N, Laubier J, Passet B, Vilotte M, Castille J, Laloë D, Polyte J, Bouet S, Jaffrézic F, Cribiu EP, Vilotte JL, Le Provost F. Overexpression of miR-30b in the developing mouse mammary gland causes a lactation defect and delays involution. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45727. [PMID: 23029204 PMCID: PMC3454336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNA (miRNA) are negative regulators of gene expression, capable of exerting pronounced influences upon the translation and stability of mRNA. They are potential regulators of normal mammary gland development and of the maintenance of mammary epithelial progenitor cells. This study was undertaken to determine the role of miR-30b on the establishment of a functional mouse mammary gland. miR-30b is a member of the miR-30 family, composed of 6 miRNA that are highly conserved in vertebrates. It has been suggested to play a role in the differentiation of several cell types. Methodology/Principal Findings The expression of miR-30b was found to be regulated during mammary gland development. Transgenic mice overexpressing miR-30b in mammary epithelial cells were used to investigate its role. During lactation, mammary histological analysis of the transgenic mice showed a reduction in the size of alveolar lumen, a defect of the lipid droplets and a growth defect of pups fed by transgenic females. Moreover some mammary epithelial differentiated structures persisted during involution, suggesting a delay in the process. The genes whose expression was affected by the overexpression of miR-30b were characterized by microarray analysis. Conclusion/Significance Our data suggests that miR-30b is important for the biology of the mammary gland and demonstrates that the deregulation of only one miRNA could affect lactation and involution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fabienne Le Provost
- INRA, UMR1313 Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- * E-mail:
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4
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Passet B, Young R, Makhzami S, Vilotte M, Jaffrezic F, Halliez S, Bouet S, Marthey S, Khalifé M, Kanellopoulos-Langevin C, Béringue V, Le Provost F, Laude H, Vilotte JL. Prion protein and Shadoo are involved in overlapping embryonic pathways and trophoblastic development. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41959. [PMID: 22860039 PMCID: PMC3408428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential requirement of either the Prion or Shadoo protein for early mouse embryogenesis was recently suggested. However, the current data did not allow to precise the developmental process that was affected in the absence of both proteins and that led to the observed early lethal phenotype. In the present study, using various Prnp transgenic mouse lines and lentiviral vectors expressing shRNAs that target the Shadoo-encoding mRNA, we further demonstrate the specific requirement of at least one of these two PrP-related proteins at early developmental stages. Histological analysis reveals developmental defect of the ectoplacental cone and important hemorrhage surrounding the Prnp-knockout-Sprn-knockdown E7.5 embryos. By restricting the RNA interference to the trophoblastic cell lineages, the observed lethal phenotype could be attributed to the sole role of these proteins in this trophectoderm-derived compartment. RNAseq analysis performed on early embryos of various Prnp and Sprn genotypes indicated that the simultaneous down-regulation of these two proteins affects cell-adhesion and inflammatory pathways as well as the expression of ectoplacental-specific genes. Overall, our data provide biological clues in favor of a crucial and complementary embryonic role of the prion protein family in Eutherians and emphasizes the need to further evaluate its implication in normal and pathological human placenta biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Passet
- INRA, UMR1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Rachel Young
- INRA, UMR1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Samira Makhzami
- INRA, UMR1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marthe Vilotte
- INRA, UMR1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Florence Jaffrezic
- INRA, UMR1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sophie Halliez
- INRA, UR892, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Stéphan Bouet
- INRA, UMR1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sylvain Marthey
- INRA, UMR1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Manal Khalifé
- INRA, UMR1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Colette Kanellopoulos-Langevin
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Gestation and Autoimmunity, J. Monod Institute, UMR 7592 (CNRS and University Diderot), Paris, France
| | - Vincent Béringue
- INRA, UR892, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Fabienne Le Provost
- INRA, UMR1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Hubert Laude
- INRA, UR892, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Luc Vilotte
- INRA, UMR1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- * E-mail:
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Diribarne M, Mata X, Rivière J, Bouet S, Vaiman A, Chapuis J, Reine F, Fleurot R, Auvinet G, Deretz S, Allain D, Schibler L, Cribiu EP, Guérin G. LIPH expression in skin and hair follicles of normal coat and Rex rabbits. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30073. [PMID: 22272275 PMCID: PMC3260196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural mutations in the LIPH gene were shown to be responsible for hair growth defects in humans and for the rex short hair phenotype in rabbits. In this species, we identified a single nucleotide deletion in LIPH (1362delA) introducing a stop codon in the C-terminal region of the protein. We investigated the expression of LIPH between normal coat and rex rabbits during critical fetal stages of hair follicle genesis, in adults and during hair follicle cycles. Transcripts were three times less expressed in both fetal and adult stages of the rex rabbits than in normal rabbits. In addition, the hair growth cycle phases affected the regulation of the transcription level in the normal and mutant phenotypes differently. LIPH mRNA and protein levels were higher in the outer root sheath (ORS) than in the inner root sheath (IRS), with a very weak signal in the IRS of rex rabbits. In vitro transfection shows that the mutant protein has a reduced lipase activity compared to the wild type form. Our results contribute to the characterization of the LIPH mode of action and confirm the crucial role of LIPH in hair production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Diribarne
- INRA, UMR1313, Unité de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Xavier Mata
- INRA, UMR1313, Unité de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Julie Rivière
- INRA, UMR1313, Unité de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Stéphan Bouet
- INRA, UMR1313, Unité de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Anne Vaiman
- INRA, UMR1313, Unité de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jérôme Chapuis
- INRA, UR0892, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Fabienne Reine
- INRA, UR0892, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Renaud Fleurot
- INRA, Plateforme de Microscopie et Imagerie des Micro-organismes, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gérard Auvinet
- INRA, UR967, Génétique Expérimentale en Productions Animales, Surgères, France
| | - Séverine Deretz
- INRA, UR967, Génétique Expérimentale en Productions Animales, Surgères, France
| | - Daniel Allain
- INRA, UR631, Station d'Amélioration Génétique des Animaux, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Laurent Schibler
- INRA, UMR1313, Unité de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Edmond-Paul Cribiu
- INRA, UMR1313, Unité de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gérard Guérin
- INRA, UMR1313, Unité de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Young R, Bouet S, Polyte J, Le Guillou S, Passet B, Vilotte M, Castille J, Beringue V, Le Provost F, Laude H, Vilotte JL. Expression of the prion-like protein Shadoo in the developing mouse embryo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 416:184-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Fortunel NO, Cadio E, Vaigot P, Chadli L, Moratille S, Bouet S, Roméo PH, Martin MT. Exploration of the functional hierarchy of the basal layer of human epidermis at the single-cell level using parallel clonal microcultures of keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2010; 19:387-92. [PMID: 20201955 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.01046.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The basal layer of human epidermis contains both stem cells and keratinocyte progenitors. Because of this cellular heterogeneity, the development of methods suitable for investigations at a clonal level is dramatically needed. Here, we describe a new method that allows multi-parallel clonal cultures of basal keratinocytes. Immediately after extraction from tissue samples, cells are sorted by flow cytometry based on their high integrin-alpha 6 expression and plated individually in microculture wells. This automated cell deposition process enables large-scale characterization of primary clonogenic capacities. The resulting clonal growth profile provided a precise assessment of basal keratinocyte hierarchy, as the size distribution of 14-day-old clones ranged from abortive to highly proliferative clones containing 1.7 x 10(5) keratinocytes (17.4 cell doublings). Importantly, these 14-day-old primary clones could be used to generate three-dimensional reconstructed epidermis with the progeny of a single cell. In long-term cultures, a fraction of highly proliferative clones could sustain extensive expansion of >100 population doublings over 14 weeks and exhibited long-term epidermis reconstruction potency, thus fulfilling candidate stem cell functional criteria. In summary, parallel clonal microcultures provide a relevant model for single-cell studies on interfollicular keratinocytes, which could be also used in other epithelial models, including hair follicle and cornea. The data obtained using this system support the hierarchical model of basal keratinocyte organization in human interfollicular epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas O Fortunel
- CEA, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Génomique et Radiobiologie de la Kératinopoïèse, Evry, France.
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Rambow F, Malek O, Geffrotin C, Leplat JJ, Bouet S, Piton G, Hugot K, Bevilacqua C, Horak V, Vincent-Naulleau S. Identification of differentially expressed genes in spontaneously regressing melanoma using the MeLiM swine model. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2008; 21:147-61. [PMID: 18426408 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2008.00442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Partial and some few cases of complete spontaneous regression have been observed in cutaneous melanoma patients but little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. The Melanoblastoma-bearing Libechov Minipig (MeLiM) is a suitable animal model to study the phenomenon of spontaneous regression because MeLiM pigs exhibit naturally occurring melanomas which regress completely 6 months after birth. In this study, we used suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) to identify molecular determinants of melanoma regression within swine melanoma tissues and melanoma cell cultures. Several markers involved in cell-adhesion, -communication, -motility, signal transduction, negative regulation of cell proliferation, transport and immune response were identified that correlated with melanoma regression whereas the main genes involved in melanin synthesis showed a strong downregulation. For the most differentially expressed genes, we validated the results obtained by SSH with qRT-PCR and with immunohistochemistry for some of them (CD9, MITF, RARRES1). Most notable, for the first time in melanoma, we identified the retinoic acid responder 1 gene (RARRES1) as a main actor of the regression process in melanoma. This first gene expression study in swine melanoma regression, may contribute to the finding of new therapeutic targets for human melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rambow
- CEA, DSV, IRCM, SREIT, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie et d'Etude du Génome, Jouy-en-Josas, F-78352 France.
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9
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Bensidhoum M, Gobin S, Chapel A, Lemaitre G, Bouet S, Waksman G, Thierry D, Martin MT. [Therapeutic effect of human mesenchymal stem cells in skin after radiation damage]. J Soc Biol 2005; 199:337-41. [PMID: 16738528 DOI: 10.1051/jbio:2005035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Over 50% of all cancer patients presently receive radiotherapy at one stage in their treatment course. Inevitably skin is one of the most frequently damaged tissue due to its localization and constant turn-over. Our present goal is to reduce radiation-induced complications in human skin through stem cell therapy, particulary in human epidermis. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have been shown to be multipotent cells able to engraft in many tissues after injury. Herein, we isolated human MSCs and tested their capability to improve skin wound healing after irradiation. This potential was assessed in NOD/SCID mice which received 30 Gy locally on the thigh. This dose caused within 3 weeks local epidermis necrosis which was repaired within 13 weeks. MSCs were intravenously injected in irradiated mice 24 hours after exposure. Clinical scoring throughout 6 weeks gave indications that human MSCs reduced the extent of damage and accelerated the wound healing process. We show by quantitative qPCR and histological studies the presence of human MSCs derived cells into the scar. Human MSCs homed to the damaged skin and participated to the wound healing process. These results open prospects for cellular therapy by MSCs in irradiated epithelial tissues and could be extended to the whole general field of cutaneous cicatrization, particularly after burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morad Bensidhoum
- Service de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CEA, 2, rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry, 91057 France
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Vincent-Naulleau S, Le Chalony C, Leplat JJ, Bouet S, Bailly C, Spatz A, Vielh P, Avril MF, Tricaud Y, Gruand J, Horak V, Frelat G, Geffrotin C. Clinical and histopathological characterization of cutaneous melanomas in the melanoblastoma-bearing Libechov minipig model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 17:24-35. [PMID: 14717842 DOI: 10.1046/j.1600-0749.2003.00101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous animal tumors appear to be highly suitable models to study human oncology and cancer therapy. The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical and histological features of hereditary melanocytic lesions found in the French herd of melanoblastoma-bearing Libechov minipigs (MeLiM) and their Duroc crossbreeds. Clinically, we discriminated between three types of melanocytic skin lesions, which offer a lesion continuum from lentigo to metastatic melanomas. More than 70% of these lesions appear on piglets before they are 3 months old and preferentially on homogeneous black coat piglets. The incidence of melanoma reaches 50% in MeLiM. Most of the highly invasive melanomas regressed spontaneously in the first year of the piglet's life and the regression was followed by hair, skin and iris depigmentation. A histopathological study was conducted according to the human melanoma classification. Except for lentigo maligna, we observed the three main types of human melanoma in swine [superficial spreading melanoma (SSM), nodular or unclassified melanoma] with an excess of SSM (59-67%). The histological events leading to total spontaneous regression are chronologically described. The genetic predisposition, the high incidence of melanoma, the clinical and histopathological features similar to the human disease and the high rate of spontaneous regression offer an opportunity to use this model for studying genetic events controlling melanoma development and regression and the biological mechanisms involved in oncogenesis and anti-cancerous self-defense.
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Geffrotin C, Crechet F, Le Roy P, Le Chalony C, Leplat JJ, Iannuccelli N, Barbosa A, Renard C, Gruand J, Milan D, Horak V, Tricaud Y, Bouet S, Franck M, Frelat G, Vincent-Naulleau S. Identification of five chromosomal regions involved in predisposition to melanoma by genome-wide scan in the MeLiM swine model. Int J Cancer 2004; 110:39-50. [PMID: 15054867 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In human familial melanoma, 3 risk susceptibility genes are already known, CDKN2A, CDK4 and MC1R. However, various observations suggest that other melanoma susceptibility genes have not yet been identified. To search for new susceptibility loci, we used the MeLiM swine as an animal model of hereditary melanoma to perform a genome scan for linkage to melanoma. Founders of the affected MeLiM stock were crossed with each other and with healthy Duroc pigs, generating MeLiM, F1 and backcross families. As we had previously excluded the MeLiM CDKN2A gene, we paid special attention to CDK4 and MC1R, as well as to other candidates such as BRAF and the SLA complex, mapping them on the swine radiation hybrid map and/or isolating close microsatellite markers to introduce them into the genome scan. The results revealed, first, that swine melanoma was inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete penetrance, preferably in black animals. Second, 4 chromosomal regions potentially involved in melanoma susceptibility were identified on Sus Scrofa chromosomes (SSC) 1, 2, 7 and 8, respectively, in intervals 44-103, 1.9-18, 59-73 and 47-62 cM. A fifth region close to MC1R was revealed on SSC 6 by analyzing an individual marker located at position 7.5 cM. Lastly, CDK4 and BRAF were unlikely to be melanoma susceptibility genes in the MeLiM swine model. The 3 regions on SSC 1, 6 and 7, respectively, have counterparts on human chromosomes (HSA) 9p, 16q and 6p, harboring melanoma candidate loci. The 2 others, on SSC 2 and 8, have counterparts on HSA 11 and 4, which might therefore be of interest for human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Geffrotin
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie et d'Etude du Génome, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France.
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