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Nath S, Sarkar M, Maddheshiya A, De D, Paul S, Dey S, Pal K, Roy SK, Ghosh A, Sengupta S, Paine SK, Biswas NK, Basu A, Mukherjee S. Upper respiratory tract microbiome profiles in SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron infected patients exhibit variant specific patterns and robust prediction of disease groups. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0236823. [PMID: 37905804 PMCID: PMC10715160 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02368-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The role of the upper respiratory tract (URT) microbiome in predicting lung health has been documented in several studies. The dysbiosis in COVID patients has been associated with disease outcomes by modulating the host immune system. However, although it has been known that different SARS-CoV-2 variants manifest distinct transmissibility and mortality rates in human populations, their effect on the composition and diversity of the URT microbiome has not been studied to date. Unlike the older variant (Delta), the newer variant (Omicron) have become more transmissible with lesser mortality and the symptoms have also changed significantly. Hence, in the present study, we have investigated the change in the URT microbiome associated with Delta and Omicron variants and identified variant-specific signatures that will be useful in the assessment of lung health and can be utilized for nasal probiotic therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankha Nath
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Mousumi Sarkar
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Debjit De
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Shouvik Paul
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Souradeep Dey
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine and JNM Hospital, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Kuhu Pal
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and JNM Hospital, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Kr. Roy
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine and JNM Hospital, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Ayan Ghosh
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine and JNM Hospital, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Sharmila Sengupta
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Nidhan K. Biswas
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Analabha Basu
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Souvik Mukherjee
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
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Paine SK, Das S, Bhattacharyya C, Biswas NK, Rao R, De A, Basu A. Autosomal recessive inheritance of a novel missense mutation of ITGB4 for Epidermolysis-Bullosa pyloric-atresia: a case report. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:1581-1586. [PMID: 35997841 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Epidermolysis-Bullosa (EB), a rare Mendelian disorder, exhibits complex phenotypic and locus-heterogeneity. We identified a nuclear family of clinically unaffected parents with two offsprings manifesting EB-Pyloric-Atresia (EB-PA), with a variable clinical severity. We generated whole exome sequence data on all four individuals to (1) identify the causal mutation behind EB-PA (2) understand the background genetic variation for phenotype variability of the siblings. We assumed an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance and used suites of bioinformatic and computational tools to collate information through global databases to identify the causal genetic variant for the disease. We also investigated variations in key genes that are likely to impact phenotype severity. We identified a novel missense mutation in the ITGB4 gene (p.Ala1227Asp), for which the parents were heterozygous and the children homozygous. The mutation in ITGB4 gene, predicted to reduce the stability of the primary alpha6beta4-plectin complex compared to all previously studied mutations on ITGB4 reported to cause EB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subrata Das
- National Institute of BioMedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
| | | | | | | | - Abhishek De
- Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Analabha Basu
- National Institute of BioMedical Genomics, Kalyani, India.
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Pramanik S, Mondal LK, Paine SK, Jain S, Chowdhury S, Ganguly U, Ghosh S, Bose C, Bhattacharjee K, Bhaduri G. Efficacy and Cost-Effectiveness of Anti-VEGF for Treating Diabetic Retinopathy in the Indian Population. Clin Ophthalmol 2021; 15:3341-3350. [PMID: 34408392 PMCID: PMC8364366 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s317771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF), namely ranibizumab (RBZ) or bevacizumab (BVZ), after either focal or grid or scatter laser photocoagulation, for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) in the Indian population. Methods Retrospective data were collected in the Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Kolkata, India between January 2018 and June 2019. Seventy-seven eyes received 3 consecutive monthly intravitreal injections of RBZ (0.5 mg) and were followed by prompt laser photocoagulation (within 7–10 days after the third injection). Similarly, 51 eyes received 3 consecutive monthly intravitreal injections of BVZ (1.25 mg), an off-label drug, and were followed by prompt laser therapy. Safety assessments of the therapy, as well as surrogate markers of biochemical derangements related to diabetic retinopathy (DR), were also investigated at the end of 12 months. Results Seventy-seven subjects who were given a treatment of RBZ+laser therapy showed average 6.87±5.53 letters gain in their best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) score, whereas the ones treated with off-label BVZ+ laser therapy demonstrated improvement in BCVA of an average 6.82±5.76 letters in “Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study” (ETDRS) chart. The study also highlights the cost-effectiveness of both RBZ+laser and BVZ+laser therapies for the treatment of DME in DR. The results demonstrated that a subject has to pay 20.951 times more cost (in INR) for RBZ+laser therapy compared to BVZ+laser therapy, to get an almost similar outcome. Conclusion BVZ is found to be the more attractive option for treating DME in DR for its cost-friendliness over RBZ in terms of BCVA outcome, as well as the safety perspectives, at least for the economically backward population in developing countries, like India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasish Pramanik
- Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGMER), Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Lakshmi Kanta Mondal
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology (RIO), Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Suman Kalyan Paine
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics (NIBMG), Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Sneha Jain
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology (RIO), Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Subhankar Chowdhury
- Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGMER), Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Upasana Ganguly
- Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Haryana, India
| | - Sayantan Ghosh
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology (RIO), Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Chiranjit Bose
- Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGMER), Kolkata, 700020, India
| | - Koena Bhattacharjee
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology (RIO), Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, 700073, India
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Devi U, Baruah PJ, Dutta S, Paine SK, Gogoi N, Borah PK. Immune status against diphtheria toxin in tea garden population surveyed in Dibrugarh district, Assam. Natl Med J India 2021; 33:187-188. [PMID: 33904429 DOI: 10.4103/0970-258x.314014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Utpala Devi
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeastern Region, Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme, Dibrugarh 786001, Assam, India
| | - Pranjal Jyoti Baruah
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeastern Region, Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme, Dibrugarh 786001, Assam, India
| | - Soumita Dutta
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeastern Region, Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme, Dibrugarh 786001, Assam, India
| | - Suman Kalyan Paine
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeastern Region, Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme, Dibrugarh 786001, Assam, India
| | - Nabajyoti Gogoi
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeastern Region, Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme, Dibrugarh 786001, Assam, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Borah
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Northeastern Region, Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme, Dibrugarh 786001, Assam, India
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Kakati P, Paine SK, Bhattacharjee CK, Bhattacharyya C, Sharma A, Phukan D, Barman NN, Basu A. Gut microbiome architecture of wild greater one-horned rhinoceros:a vulnerable species from Kaziranga National Park, India. J Genet 2021; 100:84. [PMID: 34825657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rhinoceros unicornis, also known as the greater one-horned rhinoceros (GoHR), is a vulnerable wildlife species found in the Indian subcontinent with an estimated global population of 3582, of which an estimated 2995 resides in India. The Kaziranga National Park of Assam is the home to ~80.56% of the GoH population in India. Recent advances in genetics and microbial studies underscored the importance of gut microbial symbiosis as a crucial factor for host metabolic health and environmental interaction, particularly for higher mammals. Alteration of the normal microbiome can also be an indicator of chronic disease and infection. Freshly voided dung samples from nine dung heaps of free ranging or wild GoH rhinoceros were collected from Kaziranga National Park for mapping the gut microbial architecture through 16S-metagenomic approach. In our sample, the GoH gut harbours 168.8±12.55 (SE) bacteria-specific OTUs belonging to 21 phyla of which the gram-negative Proteobacteria is the most abundant phyla. Other abundant phylas found in the GoH gut are Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Although the GoH rhinoceros gut can utilize fibrous plant by microbial fermentation, the aerobic, nonfermenting Acinetobacter (20.7%), Stenotrophomonas (17.8%) and Brevundimonas (9.1%) constitute about 50% of all identified genus. Functional prediction of the GoH microbiome reveals that>50% of the bacteria present are involved in metabolism followed by cellular processes and information processing. A significant proportion (>1%) are associated with different diseases. In summary, our study characterized bacterial communities of nine wild GoH to identify some unique features and its implication in disease and survival of GoH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parikshit Kakati
- WWF-India, A-16/103, Game Village, Basistha, Brahmaputra Landscape, Wildlife and Habitat Division, Guwahati, India.
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Chhatriya B, Paine SK, Das S, Chatterjee A, Nath D, Mukherjee A, Basu A, Goswami S. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in PRSS1 and CASR genes are associated with chronic pancreatitis in North-Eastern region of India. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2020; 29:267-268. [PMID: 32530995 DOI: 10.15403/jgld-788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sanchita Das
- Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
| | - Ankita Chatterjee
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India.
| | - Debashis Nath
- Department of Medicine, Indira Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Agartala, Tripura, India.
| | - Ankur Mukherjee
- Cytel Statistical Software and Services pvt. Ltd., Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Analabha Basu
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India.
| | - Srikanta Goswami
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India.
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Devi U, Paine SK, Narain K, Barman N, Mahanta J. Microbial architecture of pregnant women: A culture independent pilot study. Indian J Med Res 2018; 148:232-234. [PMID: 30381547 PMCID: PMC6206762 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_604_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Utpala Devi
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region, Dibrugarh 786 001, Assam, India
| | - Suman Kalyan Paine
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region, Dibrugarh 786 001, Assam, India
| | - Kanwar Narain
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region, Dibrugarh 786 001, Assam, India
| | | | - Jagadish Mahanta
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region, Dibrugarh 786 001, Assam, India
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Sen A, Paine SK, Chowdhury IH, Mukherjee A, Choudhuri S, Saha A, Mandal LK, Bhattacharya B. Impact of interleukin-6 promoter polymorphism and serum interleukin-6 level on the acute inflammation and neovascularization stages of patients with Eales' disease. Mol Vis 2011; 17:2552-63. [PMID: 22025890 PMCID: PMC3198485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the inflammatory and proliferative stages of Eales' disease (ED) and to determine the influence of IL-6-174G/C polymorphism in the IL-6 and IL-6-regulated protein expression, as well as the development of ED. METHODS One hundred and twenty-one patients diagnosed with ED, 223 matched healthy controls, and 16 control patients with macular holes were recruited from the eastern Indian population. Serum and vitreous levels of IL-6 and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured by enzyme immunoassay. Subjects were genotyped for the IL-6-174G/C polymorphism (rs1800795) by a custom TaqMan single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Genotyping Assays system. RESULTS Serum IL-6 (p<0.0001), hsCRP (p<0.0001), and VEGF (p=0.0031) levels were significantly higher in the inflammatory stage of ED than in healthy controls. Serum IL-6 also significantly correlated with hsCRP (Spearman's correlation coefficient; r=0.4992, p=0.0009), but not with VEGF in this stage in ED patients. At the proliferative stage of ED, significantly higher levels of vitreous IL-6 (p=<0.0001) and VEGF (p=<0.0001) were found compared with the vitreous of patients with macular holes. A significant correlation was observed between vitreous IL-6 and VEGF in ED patients (Spearman's correlation coefficient; r=0.5834, p=0.0087). A statistically significant association was found between the -174GG genotype (p=0.006) and occurrence of ED. Mean serum and vitreous concentrations of IL-6 were also higher in the subjects with the GG genotype than in those with the GC or CC genotype in this population. CONCLUSIONS IL-6 expression, regulated by the allelic distribution of -174 loci and the enhanced level of IL-6, modulates CRP and VEGF concentration depending respectively on the acute inflammatory stimulation at the initial stage and angiogenic stimulation at the advanced stage of ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sen
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. B C Roy Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R), Kolkata, India
| | - Suman Kalyan Paine
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. B C Roy Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R), Kolkata, India
| | - Imran Hussain Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. B C Roy Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R), Kolkata, India
| | - Amrita Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. B C Roy Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R), Kolkata, India
| | - Subhadip Choudhuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. B C Roy Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R), Kolkata, India
| | - Avijit Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. B C Roy Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R), Kolkata, India
| | | | - Basudev Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. B C Roy Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R), Kolkata, India
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Sen A, Chowdhury IH, Mukhopadhyay D, Paine SK, Mukherjee A, Mondal LK, Chatterjee M, Bhattacharya B. Increased Toll-like receptor-2 expression on nonclassic CD16+ monocytes from patients with inflammatory stage of Eales' disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:6940-8. [PMID: 21791592 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.11-7834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the distribution, differential Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression, and functional contribution of monocyte subpopulations in the inflammatory stage of Eales' disease (ED). METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from nine patients during the inflammatory stage of ED and nine age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The expression of CD14, CD16, TLR-2, and TLR-4 on monocytes was measured by flow cytometry. The CD14⁺, CD16⁻, and CD16⁺ monocyte populations were sorted on the basis of magnetic-activated cell-sorting methodology, and levels of cytokines were measured by ELISA. RESULTS In ED patients, the number of circulating monocytes was significantly expanded compared with that in controls (P = 0.01), with a marked increase in the nonclassic CD16⁺ subset, which showed an activated phenotype in patients that correlated with levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines and clinical progression. A higher expression of cell surface TLR-2 (P = 0.02), but not TLR-4, was found in monocytes of patients with ED. Furthermore, TLR-2 was expressed at higher levels on CD16⁺ monocytes than on CD16⁻ monocytes in patients, whereas no significant variation was found in TLR-4 expression on different monocyte subsets. Peptidoglycan-induced TNF-α expression correlated with TLR-2 expression in monocytes isolated from controls (r = 0.85, P = 0.0061), but not in monocytes isolated from ED patients (r = 0.553, P = 0.1328). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that in the pathogenesis of ED, TLR activation and increased numbers of nonclassic CD16⁺ monocytes are crucial regulators, along with the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines that perpetuate the inflammatory process in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sen
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr.B. C. Roy Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Education and Research (IPGME&R), Kolkata, India
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Sen A, Paine SK, Chowdhury IH, Mondal LK, Mukherjee A, Biswas A, Chowdhury S, Bhattacharya S, Bhattacharya B. Association of interferon-gamma, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene polymorphisms with occurrence and severity of Eales' disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:171-8. [PMID: 20720222 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-5885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Eales' disease (ED) is an idiopathic retinal vasculitis characterized by capillary nonperfusion and neovascularization. Previous reports on ED demonstrated that T-cell-mediated immunoresponse and differential cytokine production in inflammatory and angiogenic stage seem to influence the extent and severity of this disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of cytokine gene polymorphisms on occurrence and severity of ED. METHODS One hundred twenty-one patients with ED were recruited from an Eastern Indian population and compared with 223 matched healthy control subjects. Genotyping of IFN-γ, IL-10, and TNF-α were performed by amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). RESULTS A statistically significant association was found between the IL-10 -1082AA (P = 0.002), TNF-α -308AA (P = 0.0017) genotypes and the IL-10 ATA haplotype (P = 0.0123) and the occurrence of ED. In addition IL-10 -1082GG (P = 0.0005), TNF-α -308GG (P < 0.0001) genotype were found to be protective against disease occurrence. A synergistically low IL-10/high TNF-α genotype increased the risk of development (P < 0.0001) and the severity (P = 0.019) of ED. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that a low IL-10-expressing and high TNF-α-expressing genotype of the host can influence the occurrence and severity of outcome of ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sen
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. B. C. Roy Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
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Gupta S, Bandyopadhyay D, Paine SK, Gupta S, Banerjee S, Bhattacharya S, Gachhui R, Bhattacharya B. Rapid identification of mycobacterium species with the aid of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from clinical isolates. Open Microbiol J 2010; 4:93-7. [PMID: 21258579 PMCID: PMC3024706 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801004010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria are aerobic, nonspore forming, non-motile,single-cell bacteria.Of more than 40 currently recognized species of mycobacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of human TB is the commonest pathogen for pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis cases. The other members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) or the nontubercular mycobacterium (NTM) produces similar diseases which cannot be differentiated from tuberculosis by clinical symptoms and signs. But this differentiation is important as the chemotherapy varies widely according to the strain of mycobacterium. The burden of morbidity and mortality of tuberculosis is rapidly growing worldwide, particularly with the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The strain identification of Mycobacterium remains a cumbersome, labor intensive and expensive procedure, which requires 3 to 12 weeks of time. The conventional methods of strain identification lack proper standardization and precise diagnosis. The prime objective of this study is to overcome these problems.A multiplex PCR using 3 amplicons of 165,365, and 541 base pair target sequences was done with a total number of 165 clinical isolates of suspected Koch's patients. Strain identification was compared both by conventional methods and multiplex PCR. The results of the study show that this multiplex PCR is supposed to be less complicated, less time consuming, cost-effective and superior to the conventional methods. It is also applicable for culture negative samples where strain identification is not possible by conventional approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Gupta
- Biochemistry Research Wing, Department of Biochemistry, IPGME & R, SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Debasis Bandyopadhyay
- Biochemistry Research Wing, Department of Biochemistry, IPGME & R, SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Suman Kalyan Paine
- Biochemistry Research Wing, Department of Biochemistry, IPGME & R, SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Soma Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Midnapore Medical College, Midnapore, India
| | - Surajita Banerjee
- Biochemistry Research Wing, Department of Biochemistry, IPGME & R, SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Ratan Gachhui
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, India
| | - Basudev Bhattacharya
- Biochemistry Research Wing, Department of Biochemistry, IPGME & R, SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, India
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Banerjee S, Sarkar K, Gupta S, Mahapatra PS, Gupta S, Guha S, Bandhopadhayay D, Ghosal C, Paine SK, Dutta RN, Biswas N, Bhattacharya B. Multiplex PCR technique could be an alternative approach for early detection of leprosy among close contacts--a pilot study from India. BMC Infect Dis 2010; 10:252. [PMID: 20735843 PMCID: PMC2942881 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Implementation of Multi drug Therapy (MDT) regimen has resulted in the decline of the total number of leprosy cases in the world. Though the prevalence rate has been declining, the incidence rate remains more or less constant and high in South East Asian countries particularly in India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Srilanka. Leprosy, particularly that of multibacillary type spreads silently before it is clinically detected. An early detection and treatment would help to prevent transmission in the community. Multiplex PCR (M-PCR) technique appears to be promising towards early detection among contacts of leprosy cases. Methods A total of 234 paucibacillary (PB) and 205 multibacillary (MB) leprosy cases were studied in a community of an endemic area of Bankura district of West Bengal (Eastern India). They were assessed by smear examination for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) and M-PCR technique. These patients were treated with Multidrug Therapy (MDT) as prescribed by WHO following detection. A total of 110 MB and 72 PB contacts were studied by performing M-PCR in their nasal swab samples. Results 83.4% of MB patients were observed to be positive by smear examination for AFB and 89.2% by M-PCR. While 22.2% of PB patients were found to be positive by smear examination for AFB, 80.3% of these patients were positive by M-PCR. Among leprosy contacts (using M-PCR), 10.9% were found to be positive among MB contacts and 1.3% among PB contacts. Interestingly, two contacts of M-PCR positive MB cases developed leprosy during the period of two years follow up. Conclusion The M-PCR technique appears to be an efficient tool for early detection of leprosy cases in community based contact tracing amongst close associates of PB and MB cases. Early contact tracing using a molecular biology tool can be of great help in curbing the incidence of leprosy further.
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