1
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Mi Kim H, Liu D, Ruffin A, McDonough A, Lampenfeld C, Kunning S, Somasundaram A, Stabile L, Bruno T. PP01.34 Induction of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Improves B and T Cell Anti-Tumor Immunity. J Thorac Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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2
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Vyas A, Cruz-Rangel S, Khan N, Ferris R, Bruno T, Schmitt N, Kiselyov K, Duvvuri U. Hydroxychloroquine synergizes with anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade in squamous carcinoma of the head and neck. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)01138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Sanders J, Mok H, Tang C, Hanania A, Venkatesan A, Bruno T, Kudchadker R, Thames H, Frank S. Benchmarking Automatic Segmentation Algorithms Against Human Interobserver Variability of Prostate and Organs at Risk Delineation on Prostate MRI. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sanders J, Venkatesan A, Davis J, Kudchadker R, Tang C, Bruno T, Ma J, Frank S. OC-1040: Computer aided brachytherapy: assisting the practice of prostate brachytherapy with machine learning. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sanders J, Frank S, Venkatesan A, Bathala T, Tang C, Kudchadker R, Bruno T, Pagel M, Ma J. OC-1034: Parallel imaging compressed sensing for prostate MRI without an endorectal coil: a prospective study. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01973-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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6
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Oladele E, Menson W, Badejo OO, Onwasigwe E, Iyamu I, Olarinoye A, Agbakwuru C, Bruno T, Khamofu H, Ezeanolue EE. Effects of index client and geo-targeting on HIV case identification: an observational study. The Lancet Global Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Fazio I, Mazzonello A, Macchiarella V, Testa L, La Paglia L, Federico M, Bruno T, Spada M, Oliveri D. Could Whole Body MRI Change Staging for Patients Affected by High Risk Prostate Cancer Candidate to Local Radiation Therapy? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Frank S, Pugh T, Mahmood U, Blanchard P, Kudchadker R, Graber W, Kuban D, Choi S, Hoffman K, McGuire S, Chen H, Wang X, Thaker N, Bruno T, Henry T, Occena M, Kaplan R, Feeley T, Swanson D. The Value of Brachytherapy for Intermediate-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer Using Ichom Outcomes and Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing: Results From a Phase 2 Prospective Trial of 300 Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Therriault-Proulx F, Beaulieu L, Bruno T, Beddar S. SU-F-T-09: In Phantom Full-Implant Validation of Plastic Scintillation Detectors for in Vivo Dosimetry During Low Dose Rate Brachytherapy. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Lim T, Wang J, Frank S, Stafford R, Bruno T, Bathala T, Mahmood U, Pugh T, Ibbott G, Kudchadker R. SU-E-J-214: MR Protocol Development to Visualize Sirius MRI Markers in Prostate Brachytherapy Patients for MR-Based Post-Implant Dosimetry. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Desantis A, Bruno T, Catena V, De Nicola F, Goeman F, Iezzi S, Sorino C, Gentileschi MP, Germoni S, Monteleone V, Pellegrino M, Kann M, De Meo PD, Pallocca M, Höpker K, Moretti F, Mattei E, Reinhardt HC, Floridi A, Passananti C, Benzing T, Blandino G, Fanciulli M. Che-1 modulates the decision between cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by its binding to p53. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1764. [PMID: 25996291 PMCID: PMC4669697 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is mainly involved in the transcriptional regulation of a large number of growth-arrest- and apoptosis-related genes. However, a clear understanding of which factor/s influences the choice between these two opposing p53-dependent outcomes remains largely elusive. We have previously described that in response to DNA damage, the RNA polymerase II-binding protein Che-1/AATF transcriptionally activates p53. Here, we show that Che-1 binds directly to p53. This interaction essentially occurs in the first hours of DNA damage, whereas it is lost when cells undergo apoptosis in response to posttranscriptional modifications. Moreover, Che-1 sits in a ternary complex with p53 and the oncosuppressor Brca1. Accordingly, our analysis of genome-wide chromatin occupancy by p53 revealed that p53/Che1 interaction results in preferential transactivation of growth arrest p53 target genes over its pro-apoptotic target genes. Notably, exposure of Che-1+/− mice to ionizing radiations resulted in enhanced apoptosis of thymocytes, compared with WT mice. These results confirm Che-1 as an important regulator of p53 activity and suggest Che-1 to be a promising yet attractive drug target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Desantis
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - T Bruno
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - V Catena
- 1] Epigenetics Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy [2] Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio Coppito 2, L'Aquila, 67100, Italy
| | - F De Nicola
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - F Goeman
- Oncogenomic Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - S Iezzi
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - C Sorino
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - M P Gentileschi
- SAFU, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - S Germoni
- SAFU, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - V Monteleone
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Italian National Research Council, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - M Pellegrino
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Italian National Research Council, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - M Kann
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - P D De Meo
- HPC CINECA, Via dei Tizii, 6, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - M Pallocca
- Oncogenomic Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - K Höpker
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - F Moretti
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Italian National Research Council, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - E Mattei
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Italian National Research Council, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - H C Reinhardt
- 1] Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany [2] Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A Floridi
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - C Passananti
- IBMN-CNR, Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Viale Regina Elena 291, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - T Benzing
- 1] Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany [2] Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany [3] Systems Biology of Aging, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - G Blandino
- Oncogenomic Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - M Fanciulli
- 1] Epigenetics Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy [2] SAFU, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
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Spera A, Figlia V, Bruno T, Gruppuso V, Pollara L, Caminiti G, Ferrera G, Bono M, Mortellaro G, Sciumè F, Evangelista G. EP-1595: Toxicity in adjuvant vaginal cuff brachytherapy in endometrial cancer: our experience. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)41587-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Frank S, Pugh T, Munsell M, Kudchadker R, Bruno T, Kuban D, Lee A, Choi S, McGuire S, Swanson D. Prostate Brachytherapy Long-term Outcomes, Quality of Life, and Patient-reported Satisfaction. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Yang M, Du W, Frank S, Pugh T, Bruno T, Kudchadker R. SU-E-T-260: Radiation Exposure Estimation for 131Cs Prostate Implant Patient Release Determination. Med Phys 2012; 39:3763. [PMID: 28517343 DOI: 10.1118/1.4735327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Due to the short half-life and high energy of Cesium-131 (131Cs), the exposure rate outside the patient could potentially increase radiation exposure to hospital staff and exceed the maximum patient release exposure rate limit. A calculation technique has been developed to estimate the exposure rate at 1 meter from the patient, for prostate patients receiving 131Cs implants. METHODS In our calculation for each patient, all 131Cs sources were treated as one single source, and the point on the prostate with the shortest distance to skin surface was selected as the effective source position. Attenuation inside the patient was calculated based on the attenuation coefficient of 30 keV photons in water, assuming homogeneous patient density. This calculation technique was evaluated on our first 25 131Cs implant patients. For comparison, the exposure rate at approximately 1 meter inferior to patient perineum was measured prior to patient release using the Inovision 451P-RYR survey meter. RESULTS The distance from the edge of the prostate to skin surface along the inferior direction was the shortest in all 25 patients. The mean of the calculated exposure rates at 1 meter from skin surface was 0.53 mR/hr, 0.53 mR/hr, 0.04 mR/hr, 0.04 mR/hr and 1.5 mR/hr along the anterior, posterior, left, right and inferior directions, respectively. The mean of the measured exposure rate at 1 meter inferior to patient perineum was 1.1 mR/hr. The mean ratio of the measured versus calculated exposure rate was 0.74 (standard deviation = 0.23). CONCLUSIONS Our calculation technique is useful in determining in advance whether a patient may require hospitalization after his implant. The exposure rate at 1 meter inferior to patient perineum is a good indicator for determining whether the exposure rate along any direction might exceed the maximum allowed patient release exposure rate of 6 mR/hr.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yang
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - W Du
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - S Frank
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - T Pugh
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - T Bruno
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - R Kudchadker
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Loharikar A, Newton A, Rowley P, Wheeler C, Bruno T, Barillas H, Pruckler J, Theobald L, Lance S, Brown JM, Barzilay EJ, Arvelo W, Mintz E, Fagan R. Typhoid Fever Outbreak Associated With Frozen Mamey Pulp Imported From Guatemala to the Western United States, 2010. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55:61-6. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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Kudchadker R, Pugh T, Bruno T, Du W, Swanson D, Frank S. SU-E-T-591: Optimizing Quality Assurance in a Prospective Phase II Clinical Trial for Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer with Brachytherapy as Monotherapy Using a Paladium-103 Standed-Seed Nomogram. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3612553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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17
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Kudchadker R, Du W, Bruno T, Pugh T, Frank S. SU-E-T-590: Treatment Planning Dosimetry Comparison Between Model 9011 I-125 ThinSeed and Model 6711 I-125 Seeds for Prostate Implant Brachytherapy. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3612552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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18
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Kudchadker R, Swanson D, Bruno T, Frank S. SU-GG-T-89: Real-Time Intraoperative Planning Is Not Required to Achieve Consistent High Quality Implants for Prostate Brachytherapy. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3468477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Basaria S, Wisniewski A, Dupree K, Bruno T, Song MY, Yao F, Ojumu A, John M, Dobs AS. Effect of high-dose isoflavones on cognition, quality of life, androgens, and lipoprotein in post-menopausal women. J Endocrinol Invest 2009; 32:150-5. [PMID: 19411814 DOI: 10.1007/bf03345705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Recent interventional studies indicate that post-menopausal hormone replacement therapy is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and breast cancer. Isoflavones, a class of plant estrogens, have structural similarities to estradiol. Hence, isoflavones may exert beneficial estrogenic health effects in postmenopausal women with fewer adverse effects. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of high-dose isoflavones on self-reported quality of life (QOL), cognition, lipoproteins and androgen status in post-menopausal women. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 12-week trial of 93 healthy, ambulatory, post-menopausal women (mean age 56 yr). The study was conducted at a tertiary care center in the United States. INTERVENTION Participants were randomly assigned to receive 20 g of soy protein containing 160 mg of total isoflavones vs taste-matched placebo (20 g whole milk protein). Both soy and the placebo were provided in the form of a powder to be mixed with beverages. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES QOL was judged by the Menopause-specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) questionnaire while cognitive function was assessed with standard instruments. Total, free, and bioavailable testosterone, gonadotropins, SHBG, and fasting lipids were measured. RESULTS Eighty-four women (90%) completed the study (active=38, placebo=46). There was a significant improvement in all 4 QOL subscales (vasomotor, psychosexual, physical, and sexual) among the women taking isoflavones, while no changes were seen in the placebo group. No significant changes in cognition, serum androgens or plasma lipids were seen within any of the groups. However, at the end of the study, a group-by-time interaction was observed such that total testosterone and HDL levels were significantly lower in the isoflavones compared to placebo groups. CONCLUSION High-dose isoflavones is associated with improved QOL among women who have become menopausal recently. Hence, the timing of isoflavone supplementation with regards to the onset of menopause appears to be important. The use of isoflavones, as an alternative to estrogen therapy, may be potentially useful and seemingly safe in this group of women who are looking for relief from menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Basaria
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Frank S, Fisher C, Levy L, Kudchadker R, Kuban D, Lee A, Cheung M, Choi S, Bruno T, Swanson D. Pre-implant Urinary Symptoms Predict for Worse Genderual Outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kudchadker R, Johnson J, Bruno T, Frank S. SU-FF-T-249: Improved Homogeneity with Fourth Generation Prostate Brachytherapy Implants - A Revised I-125 Seed Nomogram. Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2760910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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22
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Drake CG, Kelleher C, Bruno T, Harris T, Flies D, Getnet D, Hipkiss E, Maris C, Grosso J. Blocking the regulatory T cell molecule LAG-3 augments in vivo anti-tumor immunity in an autochthonous model of prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.2573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2573 Background: LAG-3 is a CD4 homolog expressed on activated T cells, NK cells, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Recently, we showed that LAG-3 was relatively overexpressed in specific T cells rendered unresponsive in vivo by the presence of cognate self-antigen. These anergic T cells display regulatory function both in vitro and in vivo, and blockade of LAG-3 with a non-depleting monoclonal antibody significantly mitigates their regulatory T cell activity. Methods: Using a novel model of prostate cancer in which a tumor-specific antigen is expressed in autochthonous tumors, we tested whether treatment with a non-depleting anti-LAG-3 antibody affected trafficking and function of tumor-specific T cells. Results: LAG-3 blockade significantly augments specific CD8 T cell trafficking to antigen-expressing tumors, but not to normal tissue. Most significantly, LAG-3 blockade functionally reversed CD8 T cell tolerance as assayed by an in vivo cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) assay. Combining LAG-3 blockade with specific anti-tumor vaccination results in a dramatic increase in activated CD8 T cells in the tumor parenchyma. Conclusions: Taken together, these data support the concept that treatment with a LAG-3 blocking antibody may significantly delay disease progression in patients with cancer. We have recently generated a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against human LAG-3; several of these antibodies significantly augment human T cell responses in vitro. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - T. Bruno
- SKCCC at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - T. Harris
- SKCCC at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - D. Flies
- SKCCC at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - D. Getnet
- SKCCC at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - C. Maris
- SKCCC at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - J. Grosso
- SKCCC at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
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Del Bufalo D, Biroccio A, Trisciuoglio D, Bruno T, Floridi A, Aquino A, Zupi G. Bcl-2 has differing effects on the sensitivity of breast cancer cells depending on the antineoplastic drug used. Eur J Cancer 2002; 38:2455-62. [PMID: 12460791 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(02)00391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to evaluate the role of bcl-2 in the susceptibility of the MCF7 ADR human breast carcinoma line overexpressing the P-170 glycoprotein (P-170) to various drugs. The sensitivity to four multidrug resistance (MDR)-related drugs (doxorubicin (ADR), vincristine (VCR), vinblastine (VBL), actinomycin D (ACTD)) and three MDR-non-related drugs (cisplatin (DDP), bischloroethylnitrosourea (BCNU), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)) was evaluated by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in three bcl-2-overexpressing clones obtained from the MCF7 ADR line. We found that the bcl-2-overexpressing clones show increased resistance to DDP and BCNU, while no difference to 5-FU were observed between the control cells and bcl-2 transfectants. Surprisingly, bcl-2-overexpressing clones displayed an increased sensitivity compared with the control cells to the MDR-related drugs ADR, VCR, VBL and ACTD. Focusing on DDP and ADR, we found that the increased resistance of the bcl-2 transfectants to DDP was correlated to their ability to prevent apoptosis, while the enhanced sensitivity to ADR was associated with an increased ADR accumulation and a decreased ADR efflux. Moreover, while bcl-2 overexpression does not induce changes in P-170 glycoprotein expression, it did induce a reduction of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and basal protein kinase C (PKC) activity, both of which have a crucial role in the regulation of the MDR phenotype. In conclusion, the effect of bcl-2 on antineoplastic sensitivity observed in this study underscores the idea that bcl-2 may have distinct biological effects depending on the anticancer drug used.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Del Bufalo
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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Fanciulli M, Bruno T, Di Padova M, De Angelis R, Iezzi S, Iacobini C, Floridi A, Passananti C. Identification of a novel partner of RNA polymerase II subunit 11, Che-1, which interacts with and affects the growth suppression function of Rb. FASEB J 2000; 14:904-12. [PMID: 10783144 DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.14.7.904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
hRPB11 is a core subunit of RNA polymerase II (pol II) specifically down-regulated on doxorubicin (dox) treatment. Levels of this protein profoundly affect cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and tumorigenicity in vivo. Here we describe Che-1, a novel human protein that interacts with hRPB11. Che-1 possesses a domain of high homology with Escherichia coli RNA polymerase final sigma-factor 70 and SV40 large T antigen. In addition, we report that Che-1 interacts with the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (Rb) by two distinct domains. Functionally, we demonstrate that Che-1 represses the growth suppression function of Rb, counteracting the inhibitory action of Rb on the trans-activation function of E2F1. These results identify a novel protein that binds Rb and the core of pol II, and suggest that Che-1 may be part of transcription regulatory complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fanciulli
- Cell Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, 00158 Rome, Italy
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25
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Fanciulli M, Bruno T, Giovannelli A, Gentile FP, Di Padova M, Rubiu O, Floridi A. Energy metabolism of human LoVo colon carcinoma cells: correlation to drug resistance and influence of lonidamine. Clin Cancer Res 2000; 6:1590-7. [PMID: 10778993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between modification of energy metabolism and extent of drug resistance was investigated in two sublines (LoVoDX and LoVoDX10) from human LoVo colon carcinoma cells that exhibit different degrees of resistance to doxorubicin. Results indicated that the extent of alteration in energy metabolism strictly correlated with degree of resistance. In LoVoDX cells, only 14CO2 production was enhanced, whereas in the more resistant LoVoDX10 cells, both 14CO2 and aerobic lactate production were stimulated. The basal and glucose-supported efflux rate and the amount of drug extruded by LoVoDX10 cells were significantly higher than in the resistant LoVoDX cells. Because the expression of surface P-170 glycoprotein was similar in both cell lines, this phenomenon was attributed to increased efflux pump activity resulting from greater ATP availability. Inhibition of 14CO2 production, aerobic glycolysis, and clonogenic activity by lonidamine (LND) increased with enhancement of the energy metabolism. Moreover, LND, by affecting energy-yielding processes, reduced intracellular ATP content, lowered the energy supply to the ATP-driven efflux pump, and inhibited, almost completely, doxorubicin extrusion by resistant LoVo cells. These findings strongly suggest that LND, currently used in tumor therapy, reduces drug resistance by restoring the capacity to accumulate and retain drug of cells with the MDR phenotype that overexpress P-170.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fanciulli
- Center for Experimental Research, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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26
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Bonetto F, Fanciulli M, Battista T, De Luca A, Russo P, Bruno T, De Angelis R, Di Padova M, Giordano A, Felsani A, Paggi MG. Interaction between the pRb2/p130 C-terminal domain and the N-terminal portion of cyclin D3. J Cell Biochem 1999; 75:698-709. [PMID: 10572252 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(19991215)75:4<698::aid-jcb15>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An association between cyclin D3 and the C-terminal domain of pRb2/p130 was demonstrated using the yeast two-hybrid system. Further analysis restricted the epitope responsible for the binding within the 74 N-terminal amino acids of cyclin D3, independent of the LXCXE amino acid motif present in the D-type cyclin N-terminal region. In a coprecipitation assay in T98G cells, a human glioblastoma cell line, the C-terminal domain of pRb2/p130 was able to interact solely with cyclin D3, while the corresponding portion of pRb interacted with either cyclin D3 or cyclin D1. In T98G cells, endogenous cyclin D3-associated kinase activity showed a clear predisposition to phosphorylate preferentially the C-terminal domain of pRb2/p130, rather than that of pRb. This propensity was also confirmed in LAN-5 human neuroblastoma cells, where phosphorylation of the pRb2/p130 C-terminal domain and expression of cyclin D3 also decreased remarkably in the late neural differentiation stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bonetto
- Laboratory for Cell Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Center for Experimental Research, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, 00158 Rome, Italy
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27
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Abstract
Lonidamine (LND), a selective inhibitor of the energy metabolism of tumor cells, induces apoptosis, independently of the p53 gene, in the adriamycin(ADR)-resistant MCF7 breast-cancer cell line (MCF7 ADR). On the contrary, LND fails to activate the apoptotic program in the parental MCF7-sensitive cell line (MCF7 WT). The extent of bcl-2 expression might account for the different effect of LND on these cell lines. In fact, the MCF7 ADR line shows a low level of bcl-2 protein, whereas MCF7 WT expresses a high level of bcl-2. We therefore investigated the relationship between the amount of bcl-2 and the ability of LND to induce apoptosis, using 4 clones over-expressing bcl-2. The effect of bcl-2 on the energy metabolism was also evaluated. We demonstrated that over-expression of bcl-2 inhibited LND-induced apoptosis, while reducing 14CO2 production, oxygen uptake and ATP content, whereas aerobic lactate production was essentially unaffected. In addition, LND decreased the oxidative metabolism of the MCF7 ADR cells to a greater extent than it did in the bcl-2 transfectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Biroccio
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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28
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Bruno T, Corbi N, Di Padova M, De Angelis R, Floridi A, Passananti C, Fanciulli M. The RNA polymerase II core subunit 11 interacts with keratin 19, a component of the intermediate filament proteins. FEBS Lett 1999; 453:273-7. [PMID: 10405159 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00733-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have previously cloned the human RNA polymerase II subunit 11, as a doxorubicin sensitive gene product. We suggested multiple tasks for this subunit, including structural and regulatory roles. With the aim to clarify the human RNA polymerase II subunit 11 function, we have identified its interacting protein partners using the yeast two-hybrid system. Here, we show that human RNA polymerase II subunit 11 specifically binds keratin 19, a component of the intermediate filament protein family, which is expressed in a tissue and differentiation-specific manner. In particular, keratin 19 is a part of the nuclear matrix intermediate filaments. We provide evidence that human RNA polymerase II subunit 11 interacts with keratin 19 via its N-terminal alpha motif, the same motif necessary for its interaction with the human RNA polymerase II core subunit 3. We found that keratin 19 contains two putative leucine zipper domains sharing peculiar homology with the alpha motif of human RNA polymerase II subunit 3. Finally, we demonstrate that keratin 19 can compete for binding human RNA polymerase II subunit 11/human RNA polymerase II subunit 3 in vitro, suggesting a possible regulatory role for this molecule in RNA polymerase II assembly/activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bruno
- Cell Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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29
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Gervasi F, Capozza F, Bruno T, Fanciulli M, Lombardi D. Identification of novel mRNA transcripts of the nm23-M1 gene that are modulated during mouse embryo development and are differently expressed in adult murine tissues. DNA Cell Biol 1998; 17:1047-55. [PMID: 9881672 DOI: 10.1089/dna.1998.17.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nm23-M1, a putative metastasis-suppressor gene, and its homologs are involved in development and differentiation. We have shown previously that in vitro neuronal cell proliferation and differentiation can be modulated by nm23-M1 expression levels. In the present study, by the yeast two-hybrid system, we have shown that, at the onset of mouse tissue differentiation, the Nm23-M1 protein forms either homodimers, or heterodimers with Nm23-M2. Furthermore, we have isolated two cDNA variants of the nm23-M1 gene in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR). The two variants related to novel mRNA transcripts that are modulated in mouse embryo and are differently expressed in adult murine tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gervasi
- Laboratorio di Metabolismo Cellulare e Farmacocinetica, Istituto Regina Elena, Centro Ricerca Sperimentale, Roma, Italy
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30
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Floridi A, Bruno T, Miccadei S, Fanciulli M, Federico A, Paggi MG. Enhancement of doxorubicin content by the antitumor drug lonidamine in resistant Ehrlich ascites tumor cells through modulation of energy metabolism. Biochem Pharmacol 1998; 56:841-9. [PMID: 9774146 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(98)00054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the antitumor drug lonidamine (LND) on respiration, aerobic glycolysis, adenylate pool, doxorubicin (DOX) uptake, and efflux in DOX-resistant and DOX-sensitive Ehrlich tumor cells was investigated. The results may be summarized as follows: 1) In both types of cells, LND inhibited both respiration and glycolysis in a dose-dependent manner and lowered the ATP concentration. The effect was more marked in cells incubated in glucose-free medium; 2) LND raised, to a remarkable extent, the intracellular content of DOX in resistant and sensitive cells respiring on endogenous substrates because of reduced ATP availability, whereas in glucose-supplemented medium, where both respiration and glycolysis contributed to ATP synthesis, the increase was lower; and 3) when LND was added to DOX-loaded cells, it failed to significantly inhibit DOX efflux because of time-dependent phenomena. These findings indicated that LND, a drug currently employed in tumor therapy, might also be useful in reducing or overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR) of those cells with a reduced ability to accumulate and retain antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Floridi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Italy
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31
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Bruno T, Gentile FP, Di Padova M, Antonucci E, Rubiu O, Dolo V, Pavan A, Floridi A. Thermal behavior of human melanoma cell line in vitro and enhancement of hyperthermic response by bupivacaine. Oncol Res 1998; 10:143-50. [PMID: 9700725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of hyperthermia and bupivacaine, alone and in combination, on the clonogenic activity of a human melanoma cell line was investigated. The time-temperature relationship of exponentially growing cells was defined in the range of 41-45 degrees C. All the survival curves were exponential and the Arrhenius plot was linear over the temperature range tested. The survival curve of bupivacaine-treated cells was also exponential after an initial shoulder. Bupivacaine affected cell survival mainly through an ATP depletion because of deep alterations of mitochondria, essentially due to changes in the physical state of membrane lipids. The analysis of the interaction between hyperthermia and bupivacaine, performed with an isobolar method, demonstrated a synergism of response at all combinations tested, but only with simultaneous exposure. Such a response did not depend on an impairment of the energy-yielding processes, but may be ascribed to combined effects of both agents on cell structure and function. The hyperthermic enhancement achieved by low bupivacaine concentrations allowed to achieve a preestablished cell killing with a reduced exposure time (e.g., 50 min) and with a temperature (42 degrees C) generally accepted as clinically achievable. Therefore, a combined modality in which local treatment with bupivacaine was coupled to local heating could result in high local damage with reduced systemic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bruno
- Laboratory for Cell Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Regina Elena Institute for Cancer Research, Rome, Italy
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32
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Bruno T, Leonetti C, Aloe S, Iacobini C, Floridi A, Di Tondo U, Punturieri A, Fanciulli M. Levels of expression of hRPB11, a core subassembly subunit of human RNA polymerase II, affect doxorubicin sensitivity and cellular differentiation. FEBS Lett 1998; 427:241-6. [PMID: 9607319 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)00432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the human RNA polymerase II subunit 11 (hRPB11) is among the proteins specifically downregulated upon Doxorubicin (Dox) treatment of human cancer cell lines, and that Dox resistant clones derived upon drug selection express about 20% of the protein present in the original parental cell line. Given the prominent role that this subunit appears to have in eukaryotic cells, and the fact that its deletion causes lethality in yeast, we wanted to test the effect of the reintroduction of parental cell line levels of this subunit in Dox resistant colon cancer cells (LoVoDX). Stable transfectants of LoVoDX expressing parental (LoVoH) levels of hRPB11 showed a reduced sensitivity to the drug without changing the response of these cells to other chemotherapeutic agents, confirming a specific inverse correlation between cellular Dox sensitivity anti-hRPB11 levels of expression. In addition we show here that the levels of expression of this same RNA polymerase II subunit directly affect cellular differentiation, reducing the rate of cell proliferation, clonogenicity and increasing the expression of E-cadherin, a marker of epithelial cell differentiation. As expected from cells with these characteristics, upon in vivo administration of these clones in nude mice, we detected a significant reduction in the size and time of appearance of the primary tumors and overall metastatic capability. Finally, the role played by hRPB11 in regulating the transcription of specific genes is underlined by transient transfection experiments that show transactivation of the E-cadherin promoter by this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bruno
- Cell Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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33
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Fanciulli M, Bruno T, Di Padova M, De Angelis R, Lovari S, Floridi A, Passananti C. The interacting RNA polymerase II subunits, hRPB11 and hRPB3, are coordinately expressed in adult human tissues and down-regulated by doxorubicin. FEBS Lett 1998; 427:236-40. [PMID: 9607318 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)00431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously isolated the human RPB11 cDNA, encoding the 13.3 kDa subunit of RNA polymerase II, and demonstrated that expression of this subunit is modulated by doxorubicin. Using hRPB11 as bait in a yeast two-hybrid system, two cDNA variants encoding a second RNA polymerase II subunit, hRPB3, have now been isolated and characterized. These two hRPB3 mRNA species differed in 3' UTR region length, the longer transcript containing the AU-rich sequence motif that mediates mRNA degradation. Both hRPB11 and hRPB3 transcripts share a similar pattern of distribution in human adult tissues, with particularly high levels in both heart and skeletal muscle, and the expression of both is down-regulated by doxorubicin as found previously for the hRPB11 subunit. Taken together, these findings suggest that the interaction between hRPB3 and hRPB11 is fundamental for their function and that this heterodimer is involved in doxorubicin toxicity.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Base Sequence
- Carcinoma
- Cloning, Molecular
- Colonic Neoplasms
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/physiology
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muscle, Skeletal
- Organ Specificity
- RNA Polymerase II/genetics
- RNA Polymerase II/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fanciulli
- Cell Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
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34
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Fanciulli M, Bruno T, Cerboni C, Bonetto F, Iacobini C, Frati L, Piccoli M, Floridi A, Santoni A, Punturieri A. Cloning of a novel human RNA polymerase II subunit downregulated by doxorubicin: new potential mechanisms of drug related toxicity. FEBS Lett 1996; 384:48-52. [PMID: 8797801 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Using the differential display PCR method, we have isolated an mRNA downregulated in doxorubicin resistant human cell lines. The full length cDNA clone was identified as the human homologue of yeast RPB11 subunit of RNA polymerase II. Northern blot analysis of normal tissues detected a particularly high expression of RPB11 mRNA in heart and skeletal muscle. Reduction of this mRNA expression was observed in all the cell lines tested after drug treatment and was paralleled by a similar decrease of the protein levels. These findings suggest that doxorubicin may exert in vivo specific inhibitory effects on a major component of the transcription machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fanciulli
- Cell Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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35
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Paggi MG, Martelli F, Fanciulli M, Felsani A, Sciacchitano S, Varmi M, Bruno T, Carapella CM, Floridi A. Defective human retinoblastoma protein identified by lack of interaction with the E1A oncoprotein. Cancer Res 1994; 54:1098-104. [PMID: 8313367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Inactivating mutations of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (Rb) are involved in the pathogenesis of hereditary and sporadic retinoblastoma. Alterations in the Rb gene have also been found in several other human tumors occurring with epidemiological incidence higher than that of retinoblastoma. Four human malignant glioma cell lines were examined for abnormalities in the retinoblastoma gene product (pRb), using a procedure based on the interaction of pRb with an in vitro-translated adenovirus E1A oncoprotein. In the CRS-A2 cell line, derived from a glioblastoma multiforme, pRb did not bind with the in vitro-translated E1A protein. Restriction analysis of the CRS-A2 Rb gene and Rb mRNA expression provided patterns that could not be distinguished from the other glioma cell lines. Further investigation revealed the presence of a truncated pRb in the CRS-A2 cell line, due to a nucleotide insertion in the coding sequence at position 2550. In addition, this truncated Rb protein was undetectable in phosphorylated form. The binding assay with the in vitro-translated E1A was also used to study other cell lines with known mutations in the Rb gene. This method, which evaluates the interaction between in vitro-translated E1A and the pRb, is proposed as a rapid screening for detecting functional alterations in the retinoblastoma protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Paggi
- Laboratori di Metabolismo Cellulare e Farmacocinetica, Istituto Regina Elena per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Rome, Italy
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36
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Castiglione S, Fanciulli M, Bruno T, Evangelista M, Del Carlo C, Paggi MG, Chersi A, Floridi A. Rhein inhibits glucose uptake in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells by alteration of membrane-associated functions. Anticancer Drugs 1993; 4:407-14. [PMID: 8358069 DOI: 10.1097/00001813-199306000-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Rhein (RH), 4,5 dihydroxyanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid, is known to inhibit the glycolysis of neoplastic cells by impairing glucose uptake. In order to establish whether this might be due to a selective interaction of the carrier with the drug or to functional modifications of the cell membrane, the effect of RH on glucose uptake in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells has been investigated. RH strongly inhibits the uptake of both 2-deoxyglucose and 3-O-methylglucose, so the reduced influx therefore cannot be ascribed to an effect on glucose phosphorylation. The inhibition of glucose transport does not depend on a reduction of the number of the carriers as indicated by the inability of the drug to interfere with the synthesis of the transporter. Moreover, the extent of total binding of cytochalasin B, as well as the fact that glucose specificity is not altered, indicate that the intrinsic activity of the glucose carrier is not affected. We therefore conclude that the inhibition of glucose uptake must be ascribed to an interaction of the drug with cell membranes that results in an alteration of membrane-associated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Castiglione
- Laboratory for Cell Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Regina Elena Institute for Cancer Research, Rome, Italy
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37
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Abstract
The effect of the combination of adriamycin (ADM) with the anti-inflammatory drug rhein (RH) on the membrane redox activity in human glioma cells was investigated. RH, although less effective than ADM, inhibits ferricyanide reduction by human glioma cells in a dose-dependent manner as well as ferricyanide-induced proton release. The inhibition of the plasma membrane redox system might represent a further mechanism by which RH, other than ATP depletion, affects cell survival. The analysis of the interaction between ADM and RH, performed with the isobolar method, demonstrates a strong synergic response, probably due to an effect on different sites of action. The synergism of the ADM-RH association allows us to achieve a pre-established extent of inhibition with ADM concentrations much lower than with ADM alone. RH might, therefore, represent a very useful tool to improve the therapeutic index of ADM and to lower its general toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fanciulli
- Laboratory for Cell Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Regina Elena Institute for Cancer Research, Rome, Italy
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38
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Floridi A, Gentile PF, Bruno T, Delpino A, Iacobini C, Benassi M. Survival response of a human glioma cell line to hyperthermia associated with rhein. Anticancer Drugs 1992; 3:407-11. [PMID: 1457010 DOI: 10.1097/00001813-199208000-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of association of hyperthermia with the anti-inflammatory drug rhein (RH), 4,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid, on the clonogenic activity of human glioma cells has been examined. RH inhibits neoplastic growth mainly through an ATP depletion, but thermal cell killing is not mediated by the drug-induced changes in the energy status of the cell. The analysis of the interaction between RH and hyperthermia, performed with the isobolar method, demonstrates an additivity of the response so that the effectiveness of the combined treatment is the result of two independent effects. Although the effect of this combination is purely additive, RH allows us to achieve a pre-established cell killing with exposure times at 42 degrees C, which is generally accepted to be clinically achievable. RH might, therefore, be employed to reduce the side effects of hyperthermia without impairing its therapeutic effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Floridi
- Laboratory for Cell Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Regina Elena Institute for Cancer Research, Rome, Italy
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39
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Delpino A, Paggi MG, Gentile PF, Castiglione S, Bruno T, Benass M, Floridi A. Protein synthetic activity and adenylate energy charge in Rhein-treated cultured human glioma cells. Cancer Biochem Biophys 1992; 12:241-52. [PMID: 1423210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Rhein (RH) on the protein synthetic activity and adenylate energy charge in human glioma cells cultured in vitro has been investigated. The results demonstrate that in RH-treated cells, the protein synthesis is strongly decreased, but no modifications in the qualitative pattern occur. The extent of inhibition is a function of the drug concentration as well as of the time of exposure. Such an inhibition must be ascribed mainly to a reduction of adenylate energy charge brought about by RH because of its effect on respiration and glycolysis. The correlation between the adenylate energy charge and cell viability, as well as the possibility of using rhein as a biochemical modulator to reduce or to reverse multidrug resistance, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Delpino
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Regina Elena Institute for Cancer Research, Rome, Italy
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40
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Paggi MG, Fanciulli M, Del Carlo C, Citro G, Bruno T, Floridi A. Glucose utilization by tumor cells: a post-translational modification of mitochondrial hexokinase may play a regulatory role. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991; 178:648-55. [PMID: 1713451 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(91)90157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In Northern blot analysis of a series of tumor cell lines a single hexokinase mRNA species of 4.3 Kb was detected. Detailed examination of one such line, the rat AS-30D hepatoma, revealed that two mitochondrial species of hexokinase are present with a molecular mass of 115 and 107 KDa. The smaller of the two species is 4-fold more active than the larger. Only the larger, less active species is detected in the well differentiated H-35 rat hepatoma cell line which exhibits a lower glucose catabolic rate. These results suggest that a post-translational proteolytic event may play a central role in regulating the glucose utilization capacity of tumor cells by modulating the relative levels of high and low activity forms of hexokinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Paggi
- Laboratory for Cell Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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41
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Floridi A, Gentile PF, Bruno T, Fanciulli M, Paggi MG, Zeuli M, Benassi M. Cytotoxic effect of the association of BCNU with rhein or lonidamine on a human glioma cell line. Anticancer Res 1991; 11:789-92. [PMID: 1648334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of association of 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-l-nitrosourea (BCNU)- Rhein (RH) and BCNU-Lonidamine (LND) on the clonogenic activity of human glioma cells was evaluated. Both RH and LND modulate the lethal effect of BCNU regardless of the schedule of treatment. The analysis of the interactions, performed with the isbolar method according to Berembaum, demonstrates an additivity of the effects. The possible mechanisms as well as the implications for the design of brain tumor schedule treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Floridi
- Laboratory for Cell Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Regina Elena Institute for Cancer Research, Rome, Italy
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42
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Cavallaro G, Accordino A, Bruno T, Galeano A. [Excision of epididymal neoformations with microsurgical techniques. Notes on operating technique]. MINERVA UROL NEFROL 1991; 43:29-30. [PMID: 2057862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Following a broad review of the literature on the topic, the paper illustrates the technique of removing epididymal neoformations using a microscope which proves to be extremely useful not only during the delicate phase of isolating pathological formations, the majority of which are not more than 1.5 cm in diameter, but above all during the careful process of reconstructing damaged structures. The use of microsurgery is particularly important since it is extremely accurate and non-invasive, both of which attributes are fundamental to maintain and preserving fertility in subjects affected by this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cavallaro
- Istituto di Discipline Chirurgiche Generali e Speciali, Università degli Studi di Messina
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43
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Floridi A, Gentile FP, Bruno T, Castiglione S, Zeuli M, Benassi M. Growth inhibition by rhein and lonidamine of human glioma cells in vitro. Anticancer Res 1990; 10:1633-6. [PMID: 2285235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Rhein (RH) and Lonidamine (LND) on the clonogenic activity of cultured human glioma cells has been evaluated. Both these drugs decrease the survival fraction, but their effect is strictly related to the duration of exposure. A brief exposure, i.e. 4 hours, even at the highest drug concentrations does not induce any significant decrease in the survival which, on the contrary, is strongly affected by 24 and 48 hours of exposure. The reason for this behaviour lies in the mechanism of action of these drugs which do not interfere with replicative processes, but selectively affect the energy metabolism of the neoplastic cell. The validity of currently employed screening tests to evaluate the antitumoral activity of non anti-mitotic drugs is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Floridi
- Laboratory for Cell Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Regina Elena Institute for Cancer Research, Rome, Italy
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Caputo G, Fabiano V, Cavallaro G, Sturniolo G, Albanese V, Bruno T. [Voluntary ingestion of packages containing narcotic drugs. Diagnosis and treatment in a clinical case]. Ann Ital Chir 1990; 61:189-91; discussion 191-2. [PMID: 2270888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A case of intracorporeal concealment of narcotics is reported. Cocaine mixed with marihuana were the ingested drugs. Surgical treatment is, in selected cases, the safest method to remove such packages from the gastrointestinal tract also in subjects without mechanical obstruction. In fact, rupture of a packet threatens the patient's life, because of cocaine's high toxicity and lack of antidote.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Caputo
- Clinica Chirurgica II, Università degli Studi di Messina
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Cavallaro G, Artuso B, Accordino A, Costa F, Bruno T, Jelasi A. [Usefulness of 2-component human fibrin glue in stabilizing vascular sutures at risk in hemodialysis]. MINERVA CHIR 1989; 44:2241-4. [PMID: 2626186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The controversies arising in recent years over the possible transmission of viruses including the hepatitis and HTLV III type in blood derivatives that have been more or less purified or screened for specific antibodies are still to be fully resolved. Though some statistical epidemiological studies seem to exclude the possibility when it comes to the use of bicomponent human fibrin glue (Tissucol) (Eder et al., 1986) it seems unreasonable totally to exclude the possibility of contamination arising from the use of this product. Certainly such contamination is only a remote possibility in haemodialysis patients who, obliged by their condition to undergo repeated intravascular injections of blood or other blood derivates, are highly unlikely to contract disease precisely due to the use of fibrin glue. For this reason, over the past three years bicomponent human fibrin glue has been used whenever necessary and has proved extremely valuable in stabilising vascular sutures at risk.
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Cavallaro G, Artuso B, Costa F, Forgione L, Accordino A, Bruno T. [The use of fibrin glue in experimental tubal microsurgery. Comparison of two methods]. Minerva Ginecol 1988; 40:281-5. [PMID: 2459633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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