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McLAUCHLIN J, Aird H, Amar C, Barker C, Dallman T, Elviss N, JØrgensen F, Willis C. Listeria monocytogenes in Cooked Chicken: Detection of an Outbreak in the United Kingdom (2016 to 2017) and Analysis of L. monocytogenes from Unrelated Monitoring of Foods (2013 to 2017). J Food Prot 2020; 83:2041-2052. [PMID: 32663280 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In England and Wales, Public Health England applies whole genome sequencing to cultures of Listeria monocytogenes recovered from human cases of listeriosis, foods, and food production environments. Following the routine inspection of a small retailer in February and March 2016, two unopened packs of cooked chicken produced by the same manufacturer were found to be contaminated with L. monocytogenes at levels of 340 and 20 CFU/g. A public recall of this product was issued in March 2016. Early in 2017, a less than five single-nucleotide polymorphism single-linkage cluster was detected between the L. monocytogenes isolates from the two cooked chicken products and cultures from five cases of human listeriosis in England and Scotland with onsets of illness between March 2016 and February 2017. Epidemiological data provided further supportive evidence that this cluster was an outbreak linked to a manufacturer of cooked chicken whose products were supplied to the small retailer that initiated the outbreak investigation. Unrelated to this outbreak, 34 L. monocytogenes isolates recovered from routine food monitoring of 2,007 samples of cooked chicken during 2013 to 2017 were analyzed by whole genome sequencing. Previously undetected fewer than five single-nucleotide polymorphism single-linkage clusters were identified between cultures from cooked chicken and with those from two clusters and two sporadic cases of human listeriosis that were consistent with foodborne transmission. This analysis identified linkage of L. monocytogenes clusters within specific food chains more readily than traditional manual tracing. Linking of data associated with L. monocytogenes cultures from cases of listeriosis with those from unrelated food testing is a unique source of information for communicable disease risk assessment, epidemiological studies, and disease prevention and control. This report provides further evidence that should act as a reminder of the association between cooked chicken consumption and human listeriosis. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- J McLAUCHLIN
- Public Health England Food Water and Environmental Microbiology Services.,ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0516-7873 [J.M.]
| | - H Aird
- Public Health England Food Water and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory York, National Infection Service, York Biotech Campus, York YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - C Amar
- Public Health England Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, National Infection Service, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1156-9505 [C.A.])
| | - C Barker
- Public Health England Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, National Infection Service, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - T Dallman
- Public Health England Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, National Infection Service, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - N Elviss
- Public Health England Food Water and Environmental Microbiology Services.,https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9693-7700 [N.E.]
| | - F JØrgensen
- Public Health England Food Water and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory Porton, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - C Willis
- Public Health England Food Water and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory Porton, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
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Chatt C, Nicholds-Trainor D, Scrivener A, Suleman S, Harvey M, Dallman T, Hawker J, Sibal B. Outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis PT14b gastroenteritis at a restaurant in England: the use of molecular typing to achieve a successful prosecution. Public Health 2017; 151:51-58. [PMID: 28732304 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe an outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis phage type (PT) 14b in people who had eaten at a restaurant, and the investigation and subsequent prosecution of the food business operator (FBO). STUDY DESIGN The local health protection team and environmental health department formed an outbreak control team to investigate the outbreak. METHODS Epidemiological, microbiological, and environmental investigations were undertaken. Epidemiological investigations involved case finding and interviews. Microbiological investigation: stool samples from the suspected cases and environmental samples from the implicated food business were investigated. Salmonella isolates obtained were subjected to multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) profiling and whole genome sequencing. In addition, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hygiene swab tests were used to verify the quality of cleaning procedures and data loggers were used to determine the water temperature of the mechanical dishwasher. RESULTS Fifteen cases of illness where the causative agent was shown to be S. enteritidis PT14b were identified, all of whom had eaten at the same restaurant. S. enteritidis PT14b was also identified from three of the 11 food and environmental samples taken at the restaurant and found to have the same MLVA profile as the cases. A case for prosecution was built and the FBO was successfully prosecuted in July 2015. CONCLUSIONS This investigation highlighted that the use of molecular typing as part of thorough epidemiological, microbiological, and environmental investigations can present a robust case for prosecution against restaurants which pose a risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chatt
- Public Health England Field Epidemiology Service (Birmingham Office), UK.
| | | | - A Scrivener
- Stratford-on-Avon District Council Environmental Health, UK
| | - S Suleman
- Public Health England Field Epidemiology Service (Birmingham Office), UK
| | - M Harvey
- Public Health England Food, Water and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory Birmingham, Good Hope Hospital, UK
| | - T Dallman
- Public Health England Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, Colindale, UK
| | - J Hawker
- Public Health England Field Epidemiology Service (Birmingham Office), UK
| | - B Sibal
- Public Health England West Midlands East Health Protection Team, UK
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Awofisayo-Okuyelu A, Arunachalam N, Dallman T, Grant KA, Aird H, McLauchlin J, Painset A, Amar C. An Outbreak of Human Listeriosis in England between 2010 and 2012 Associated with the Consumption of Pork Pies. J Food Prot 2016; 79:732-40. [PMID: 27296419 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An outbreak of listeriosis in England affecting 14 people between 2010 and 2012 and linked to the consumption of pork pies was investigated. All 14 individuals were older than 55 years, 12 were men, and 10 reported the presence of an underlying condition. All were resident in or had visited either of two English regions and were infected with the same strain of Listeria monocytogenes. In interviews with 12 patients, 9 reported eating pork pies, and individuals that consumed pork pies were significantly more likely to be infected with an outbreak strain than were individuals with sporadic cases of listeriosis infections in England from 2010 to 2012. Pork pies were purchased from seven retailers in South Yorkshire or the East Midlands, and the outbreak strain was recovered from pork pies supplied by only the producer in South Yorkshire. The outbreak strain was also recovered from samples of finished product and from environmental samples collected from the manufacturer. The likely source of contamination was environmental sites within the manufacturing environment, and the contamination was associated with the process of adding gelatin to the pies after cooking. Inadequate temperature control and poor hygienic practices at one of the retailers were also identified as possible contributory factors allowing growth of the pathogen. Following improvements in manufacturing practices and implementation of additional control measures at the retailers' premises, L. monocytogenes was not recovered from subsequent food and environmental samples, and the outbreak strain was not detected in further individuals with listeriosis in England.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Awofisayo-Okuyelu
- Gastrointestinal Infections Department, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK.
| | - N Arunachalam
- South Yorkshire Health Protection Team, Yorkshire and Humber Centre, Public Health England, Sheffield S9 1BY, UK
| | - T Dallman
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - K A Grant
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - H Aird
- Food Water and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory York, National Agri-Food Innovation Campus, Public Health England, York YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - J McLauchlin
- Food, Water, and Environmental Microbiology Services, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK; Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK
| | - A Painset
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - C Amar
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK
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Michelacci V, Prosseda G, Maugliani A, Tozzoli R, Sanchez S, Herrera-León S, Dallman T, Jenkins C, Caprioli A, Morabito S. Characterization of an emergent clone of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli circulating in Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 22:287.e11-9. [PMID: 26551840 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) cause intestinal illness indistinguishable from that caused by Shigella, mainly in developing countries. Recently an upsurge of cases of EIEC infections has been observed in Europe, with two large outbreaks occurring in Italy and in the United Kingdom. We have characterized phenotypically and genotypically the strains responsible for these epidemics together with an additional isolate from a sporadic case isolated in Spain. The three isolates belonged to the same rare serotype O96:H19 and were of sequence type ST-99, never reported before in EIEC or Shigella. The EIEC strains investigated possessed all the virulence genes harboured on the large plasmid conferring the invasive phenotype to EIEC and Shigella while showing only some of the known chromosomal virulence genes and none of the described pathoadaptative mutations. At the same time, they displayed motility abilities and biochemical requirements resembling more closely those of the non-pathogenic E. coli rather than the EIEC and Shigella strains used as reference. Our observations suggested that the O96:H19 strains belong to an emerging EIEC clone, which could be the result of a recent event of acquisition of the invasion plasmid by commensal E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Michelacci
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Italy.
| | - G Prosseda
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'C. Darwin', Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - A Maugliani
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Italy
| | - R Tozzoli
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Italy
| | - S Sanchez
- Laboratory of Enterobacteriaceae, Service of Bacteriology, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Herrera-León
- Laboratory of Enterobacteriaceae, Service of Bacteriology, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - T Dallman
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - C Jenkins
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - A Caprioli
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Italy
| | - S Morabito
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Italy
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Inns T, Lane C, Peters T, Dallman T, Chatt C, McFarland N, Crook P, Bishop T, Edge J, Hawker J, Elson R, Neal K, Adak GK, Cleary P, on behalf of the Outbreak Control Team. A multi-country Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 14b outbreak associated with eggs from a German producer: ‘near real-time’ application of whole genome sequencing and food chain investigations, United Kingdom, May to September 2014. Euro Surveill 2015; 20. [DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.16.21098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
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Affiliation(s)
- T Inns
- Field Epidemiology Services Liverpool, Public Health England, United Kingdom
| | - C Lane
- Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, United Kingdom
| | - T Peters
- Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, United Kingdom
| | - T Dallman
- Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, United Kingdom
| | - C Chatt
- Field Epidemiology Services Birmingham, Public Health England, United Kingdom
| | - N McFarland
- Wessex Public Health England Centre, Public Health England, United Kingdom
| | - P Crook
- Field Epidemiology Services Victoria, Public Health England, United Kingdom
| | - T Bishop
- Food Standards Agency, United Kingdom
| | - J Edge
- Food Standards Agency, United Kingdom
| | - J Hawker
- Field Epidemiology Services Birmingham, Public Health England, United Kingdom
| | - R Elson
- Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, United Kingdom
| | - K Neal
- Field Epidemiology Services Birmingham, Public Health England, United Kingdom
| | - G K Adak
- Centre for Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, Public Health England, United Kingdom
| | - P Cleary
- Field Epidemiology Services Liverpool, Public Health England, United Kingdom
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Perry N, Cheasty T, Dallman T, Launders N, Willshaw G. Application of multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis to monitor Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 phage type 8 in England and Wales: emergence of a profile associated with a national outbreak. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:1052-8. [PMID: 23848315 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Evaluation of multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) to subtype all isolates of Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 phage type 8 in England and Wales. METHODS AND RESULTS Over a 13 month period from December 2010, 483 isolates of VTEC O157 PT8 were tested by MLVA; 39% were received in the first 4 months of 2011, when infections are generally low. One profile, or single locus variants of it, was present in 249 (52%) isolates but was not common previously. These cases represented a national increase in PT8, associated epidemiologically with soil-contaminated vegetables. Most of the 177 other MLVA profiles were unique to a single isolate. Profiles shared by >1 isolate included cases from two small community, food-borne outbreaks and 11 households. Several shared profiles were found among 23 isolates without known links. Apart from one group, isolates linked to travel abroad had very diverse profiles. CONCLUSIONS Multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis discriminated apparent sporadic isolates of the same PT and assisted in detection of cases in an emerging national outbreak. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis is an epidemiologically valid complement to surveillance and applicable as a rapid, practical test for large numbers of isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Perry
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Laboratory, Microbiology Services Colindale, Public Health England, London, UK
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Iturriza-Gómara M, Dallman T, Bányai K, Böttiger B, Buesa J, Diedrich S, Fiore L, Johansen K, Korsun N, Kroneman A, Lappalainen M, László B, Maunula L, Matthinjnssens J, Midgley S, Mladenova Z, Poljsak-Prijatelj M, Pothier P, Ruggeri FM, Sanchez-Fauquier A, Schreier E, Steyer A, Sidaraviciute I, Tran AN, Usonis V, Van Ranst M, de Rougemont A, Gray J. Rotavirus Surveillance in Europe, 2005–2008: Web‐Enabled Reporting and Real‐Time Analysis of Genotyping and Epidemiological Data. J Infect Dis 2009; 200 Suppl 1:S215-21. [PMID: 19821712 DOI: 10.1086/605049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Iturriza-Gómara
- Enteric Virus Unit, Virus Reference Department, London, United Kingdom.
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Dallman T, Neal S, Green J, Efstratiou A. Development of an online database for diphtheria molecular epidemiology under the remit of the DIPNET project. Euro Surveill 2008. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.13.19.18865-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Diphtheria Surveillance Network (DIPNET), launched on 1 November 2006, is a 38-month programme bringing together 25 European Union partner countries (24 Member States and Turkey) and collaborating countries beyond Europe in a global dedicated surveillance network for diphtheria and related infections caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae and C. ulcerans [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dallman
- Bioinformatics, Centre for Infections, Heath Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Neal
- Respiratory and Systemic Infection Laboratory, Centre for Infections, Heath Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Green
- Bioinformatics, Centre for Infections, Heath Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Efstratiou
- Respiratory and Systemic Infection Laboratory, Centre for Infections, Heath Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom
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Dallman T, Neal S, Green J, Efstratiou A. Development of an online database for diphtheria molecular epidemiology under the remit of the DIPNET project. Euro Surveill 2008; 13:18865. [PMID: 18761980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Dallman
- Bioinformatics, Centre for Infections, Heath Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom
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Stillwell W, Dallman T, Dumaual AC, Crump FT, Jenski LJ. Cholesterol versus alpha-tocopherol: effects on properties of bilayers made from heteroacid phosphatidylcholines. Biochemistry 1996; 35:13353-62. [PMID: 8873602 DOI: 10.1021/bi961058m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The techniques of differential scanning calorimetry, fluorescence of merocyanine 540, fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, proton permeability, and lipid peroxidation are used to compare the perturbations of cholesterol and alpha-tocopherol on lipid bilayer membranes composed of different phosphatidylcholines containing stearic acid in the sn-1 position and an unsaturated fatty acid (either oleic, alpha-linolenic, gamma-linolenic, or docosahexaenoic acid) in the sn-2 position. It is concluded that the structural roles of cholesterol and alpha-tocopherol may be similar with membranes composed of some phosphatidylcholines but are clearly different with membranes composed of other related phosphatidylcholines. alpha-Tocopherol exerts a much larger effect than cholesterol on membranes rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids that have their initial double bond before the delta 9 position. Cholesterol interacts more favorably with fatty acids that do not have an double bond before the delta 9 position. The membrane structural effects are explained in terms of the larger size of the sterol ring structure of cholesterol compared to the smaller chromanol ring of the alpha-tocopherol.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Stillwell
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Purdue University at Indianapolis 46202-5132, USA
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Abstract
A toluene-permeabilized cell system was established to examine the transcription of certain RNAs regulated during the cell cycle in Chlamydomonas reinhardi. The incorporation of [alpha-32P]UTP into RNA which hybridizes to specific cloned cDNA, such as beta-tubulin, indicates that the cell cycle pattern of RNA accumulation may be controlled, in part, by differential transcription.
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