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Multiomics Blood-Based Biomarkers Predict Alzheimer's Predementia with High Specificity in a Multicentric Cohort Study. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2024; 11:567-581. [PMID: 38706273 PMCID: PMC11061038 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2024.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary criteria for diagnosing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) or probable mild AD dementia rely partly on cognitive assessments and the presence of amyloid plaques. Although these criteria exhibit high sensitivity in predicting AD among cognitively impaired patients, their specificity remains limited. Notably, up to 25% of non-demented patients with amyloid plaques may be misdiagnosed with MCI due to AD, when in fact they suffer from a different brain disorder. The introduction of anti-amyloid antibodies complicates this scenario. Physicians must prioritize which amyloid-positive MCI patients receive these treatments, as not all are suitable candidates. Specifically, those with non-AD amyloid pathologies are not primary targets for amyloid-modifying therapies. Consequently, there is an escalating medical necessity for highly specific blood biomarkers that can accurately detect pre-dementia AD, thus optimizing amyloid antibody prescription. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate a predictive model based on peripheral biomarkers to identify MCI and mild dementia patients who will develop AD dementia symptoms in cognitively impaired population with high specificity. DESIGN Peripheral biomarkers were identified in a gene transfer-based animal model of AD and then validated during a retrospective multi-center clinical study. SETTING Participants from 7 retrospective cohorts (US, EU and Australia). PARTICIPANTS This study followed 345 cognitively impaired individuals over up to 13 years, including 193 with MCI and 152 with mild dementia, starting from their initial visits. The final diagnoses, established during their last assessments, classified 249 participants as AD patients and 96 as having non-AD brain disorders, based on the specific diagnostic criteria for each disorder subtype. Amyloid status, assessed at baseline, was available for 82.9% of the participants, with 61.9% testing positive for amyloid. Both amyloid-positive and negative individuals were represented in each clinical group. Some of the AD patients had co-morbidities such as metabolic disorders, chronic diseases, or cardiovascular pathologies. MEASUREMENTS We developed targeted mass spectrometry assays for 81 blood-based biomarkers, encompassing 45 proteins and 36 metabolites previously identified in AAV-AD rats. METHODS We analyzed blood samples from study participants for the 81 biomarkers. The B-HEALED test, a machine learning-based diagnostic tool, was developed to differentiate AD patients, including 123 with Prodromal AD and 126 with mild AD dementia, from 96 individuals with non-AD brain disorders. The model was trained using 70% of the data, selecting relevant biomarkers, calibrating the algorithm, and establishing cutoff values. The remaining 30% served as an external test dataset for blind validation of the predictive accuracy. RESULTS Integrating a combination of 19 blood biomarkers and participant age, the B-HEALED model successfully distinguished participants that will develop AD dementia symptoms (82 with Prodromal AD and 83 with AD dementia) from non-AD subjects (71 individuals) with a specificity of 93.0% and sensitivity of 65.4% (AUROC=81.9%, p<0.001) during internal validation. When the amyloid status (derived from CSF or PET scans) and the B-HEALED model were applied in association, with individuals being categorized as AD if they tested positive in both tests, we achieved 100% specificity and 52.8% sensitivity. This performance was consistent in blind external validation, underscoring the model's reliability on independent datasets. CONCLUSIONS The B-HEALED test, utilizing multiomics blood-based biomarkers, demonstrates high predictive specificity in identifying AD patients within the cognitively impaired population, minimizing false positives. When used alongside amyloid screening, it effectively identifies a nearly pure prodromal AD cohort. These results bear significant implications for refining clinical trial inclusion criteria, facilitating drug development and validation, and accurately identifying patients who will benefit the most from disease-modifying AD treatments.
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Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a single dose of sustained-release azithromycin formulation in pigeons. Pol J Vet Sci 2021; 23:43-50. [PMID: 32233287 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2020.132747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To date, only a few studies on the azithromycin (AZM) pharmacokinetics in ornamental birds have been published. In the current study AZM concentrations in domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica) plasma samples were analyzed using a validated ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. The aim of the current study was to carry out an analysis of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics after administration of a single oral dose of a sustained-release AZM formulation and to conduct a simulation of treatment based on selected minimal inhibitory values. The study was performed with 12 healthy adult pigeons, both sexes. The pigeons tolerated AZM very well and no adverse effects were observed in any animal during the study. Based on the observed characteristics of the pharmacokinetics/ /pharmacodynamics profiles of AZM in pigeons, it should be noted that 35 mg/kg per os as a single starting dose and 25 mg/kg every 24 h are recommended for treatment of both suscep- tible and less susceptible pathogens.
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Effect of siltuximab, omalizumab, infliximab, pembrolizumab and vedolizumab on selected haematological and biochemical parameters in a pig model. Pol J Vet Sci 2021; 23:51-58. [PMID: 32233286 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2020.132748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
From the regulatory point of view a strong link between an animal model and human pharmacodynamics of biological drugs is very important to qualify the model as "relevant". Consistent changes in cell population between human physiology and animal model gain value of this model which then can be pharmacodynamically "relevant" from the regulatory point of view. Consequently, the aim of this study was to determine how similar to human observations is the effect of selected biological drugs on blood cells in a pig model. The study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the variability of selected biochemical and hematological parameters of the blood after administration of five different human therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) after a single subcutaneous (SC) dose in breeding pigs. The tested drugs were siltuximab (Syl- vant®), omalizumab (Xolair®), infliximab (Inflectra®), pembrolizumab (Keytruda®), and vedoli- zumab (Entyvio®) given in a single 1 mg/kg SC injection. Each of the tested drugs exerted a sig- nificant effect on at least two of the tested parameters three weeks after the administration. Siltuximab significantly influenced 9 of the analyzed parameters. Vedolizumab significantly influenced 8 of the analyzed parameters. Infliximab had the lowest impact of all the tested drugs, as it significantly influenced only two of the analyzed parameters. The study has proved that the impact of mAbs on the analyzed parameters can be significantly extended over time. This requires the monitoring of hematological parameters in the pig model even many weeks after administration of a drug in a relatively small dose.
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Ketoprofen and tramadol pharmacokinetics in patients with chronic pancreatitis. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:4044-4051. [PMID: 31115034 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201905_17835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a disease leading to irreversible pancreas dysfunction. One of the main symptoms is pain. Many patients require pharmacological therapy which should be started with paracetamol or, in selected groups of patients, ketoprofen. If the effect of ketoprofen is irrelevant, patients receive tramadol. The aim of this study is the evaluation of ketoprofen and tramadol pharmacokinetics (PK) in CP patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS 36 patients were divided into two groups: I - receiving ketoprofen (n=18; mean [SD] age, 48.61 [13.32] years; weight, 73.28 [20.48] kg), II - receiving tramadol (n=18; mean [SD] age, 46.78 [10.28] years; weight, 74.22 [14.04] kg, and BMI (Body Mass Index), 24.61 [4.51] kg/m2). The plasma concentrations of ketoprofen and tramadol with its active metabolite M1 (0-desmethyltramadol) were measured with the validated high-performance liquid chromatography method. RESULTS The main PK parameters for ketoprofen were as follows: Cmax (maximum plasma concentration), 3.41 [2.32] mg/L; AUC0-inf (area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity), 10.45 [5.57] mg⋅h/L; tmax (time to first occurrence of Cmax), 1.94 [1.25] h; Cl (clearance), 0.199 [0.165] L/kg·h, and Vd/kg (volume of distribution per kilogram of body weight), 0.71 [0.58] L/kg. The main PK parameters for TRM and M1 were as follows: Cmax, 226.4 [80.5] and 55.6 [23] ng/mL; AUC0-inf, 1903.3 [874.8] and 790.4 [512.4] ng⋅h/mL; tmax, 1.78 [0.73] and 2.67 [1.19] h, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Chronic pancreatitis led to a decrease in the total amount of absorbed ketoprofen. Consequently, the analgesic effect of the drug may be weaker. Cmax of tramadol for most CP patients was within the therapeutic range associated with its analgesic activity. M1/TRM ratios for Cmax and AUC were unchanged.
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Hard water may increase the inhibitory effect of feed on the oral bioavailability of oxytetracycline in broiler chickens. Pol J Vet Sci 2019; 22:251-258. [PMID: 31269331 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2019.127093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine to what extent the ions present in hard water (125 mg/L of MgCl2 and 500 mg/L of CaCl2) may intensify the feed-induced decrease in oxytetracycline (OTC) absorption rate in broiler chickens after single oral administration at a dose of 15 mg/kg. Drug concentrations in plasma were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and combined, compartmental and non-compartmental approach was used to assess OTC pharmacokinetics. The administration of feed decreased the absolute bioavailability (F) of OTC from 12.70%±4.01 to 6.40%±1.08, and this effect was more pronounced after the combined administration of OTC with feed and hard water (5.31%±0.90). A decrease in the area under the concentration- time curve (AUC0-t), (from 10.18±3.24 μg·h/ml in control to 5.13 μg·h/ml±1.26 for feed and 4.26 μg·h/ml±1.10 for feed and hard water) and the maximum plasma concentration of OTC (Cmax) (from 1.22±0.18 μg/ml in control, to 1.01 μg/ml ±0.10 for hard water, 0.68 μg/ml±0.10 for feed and 0.61 μg/ml±0.10 for feed and hard water) was observed. The results of this study indicate that feed strongly decreases F, AUC0-t and Cmax of orally administered OTC. The ions present in hard water increase this inhibitory effect, which suggests that, therapy with OTC may require taking into account local water quality and dose modification, particularly when dealing with outbreaks caused by less sensitive microorganisms.
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Impact of milk yield on pharmacokinetics of six intramammary drugs - a population approach. Pol J Vet Sci 2018; 21:317-323. [PMID: 30450871 DOI: 10.24425/122599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the research was an examination of potential impact of milk yield on the intercompartmental clearance - distribution clearance as well as determination of the variability of obtained pharmacokinetic parameters by the population approach using a two-compartmental structural model. Blood perfusion has a considerable impact on physiology of the udder and kinetics of drugs that are distributed in this organ. The research was performed on healthy Holstein- Friesian and Polish Black-White cows at the age of 4-10 years. Determination of antibiotics (ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefoperazone, penicillin G prokaine, cloxacillin, cefacetril) concentration was carried out after their every intramammary administration to one quarter of the udder. A population pharmacokinetic model was created to fit milk concentration data. General milk yield of a single cow was used as a variable. A population analysis was conducted using non-linear mixed-effect modeling. The impact of milk productivity was set solely by reference to intercompartmental clearance only in case of penicillin G, cloxacillin and ampicillin. It, has been found that milk yield, depending on a drug, influenced the distribution clearance of the drug to varying degrees. It means indirectly that increased perfusion of the udder has a different impact on drug distribution from the udder to the bloodstream.
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Validation of relationship between milk resistance and daily yield of dairy cows. Pol J Vet Sci 2018; 20:737-742. [PMID: 29611639 DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2017-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The reduced value of resistance (R) of milk (<167Ω) or increased conductivity (EC) >6.0 mS/cm indicate the growing number of ions in milk during the initial phase of mastitis. The aim of this study is to demonstrate a linear (verified by a validation procedure) dependency between R and mean daily yield (MDY), which could be used for current monitoring and forecasting of milk yield in dairy cow herds. Although the topic has frequently been examined, a validated model for prediction of MDY based on R has still not been presented. Methods Data from 118 dairy cows were analyzed in the study. The validation of model dependency R↔MDY was performed by the live-one-out method (LOO). Results The minimum geometrical/arithmetical mean of R milk was observed during the 1st month of lactation and was 53.40/254.86 Ω. However, the maximum geometrical/arithmetical mean of R milk was observed during the 7th month of lactation and has 189.62/574.51 Ω. The final model was described by the curve equation MDY = -04461 × R% + 51.58 where R% - percentage share of cows in a herd whose R oscillated within the limits 49.38-154.32 Ω. Conclusions Complete predictivity of the model within the above mentioned limits ("prognostic range") was confirmed by the results of validation of the model. The developed model enables the efficiency of a herd at specified percentage share of cows of defined milk R value to be determined.
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New tregitopes inducing adaptive regulatory T cells in mice. JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY : AN OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE POLISH PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2017; 68:897-906. [PMID: 29550802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Epitopes of regulatory T cells (tregitopes) represent linear sequences of amino acids that induce CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T lymphocytes expansion both in vitro and in vivo. The tregitopes' effectiveness was confirmed in autoimmune disease mouse models and in murine transplant models. Therefore, tregitopes together with regulatory T cells (Tregs) could play a major role in maintaining immune tolerance. The purpose of the presented study was a selection of potential tregitopes and assessment of their impact on Tregs expansion. Eight peptides were selected based on the previously published in silico model and their immunotolerogenic functions. To verify, if selected peptides are potential TCR ligands, the affinity of selected peptides to overrepresented in patients with autoimmune diseases, HLA-DRB1*04:01 allele, was measured by surface plasmon resonance. In order to evaluate the impact of potential tregitopes on the induction of Tregs in in vitro conditions, C57BL6Foxp3GFP mouse antigen presenting cells were co-cultured with naive syngeneic T cells under stimulation of selected peptides. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+IL-10+ cells frequency was analyzed using flow cytometry. Based on Tregs induction, two tregitopes derived from yeast and adenovirus protein were identified. In summary, the performed studies allowed an identification of novel putative tregitopes, which application potential includes their use as immunomodulators in mice.
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Withdrawal of cefoperazone with milk after intramammary administration in dairy cows - prospective and retrospective analysis. Pol J Vet Sci 2017; 20:261-268. [PMID: 28865230 DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2017-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to carry out retrospective and prospective comparative analyses of the pharmacokinetics of CEF after single intramammary (IMM) administration in cows. The prospective study (study A) was conducted on 9 dairy cows of the Polish Black-White race with clinical mastitis during the lactation period. Milk samples were collected at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 84 h after single IMM administration of 250 mg of CEF to one quarter. Drug concentrations in milk samples were determined by HPLC-MS/MS technique and the results of the pharmacokinetic analysis were compared to those obtained in previous studies based on the microbiological (study B) and HPLC-UV methods (study C and D). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated based on adapted two-compartment model of drug distribution. One of the findings of the comparison of the analysed investigations is that the CEF kinetics determined with the microbiological method is consistent with the results obtained by the authors of this paper. Both studies yielded similar results of the key pharmacokinetic parameters related to the level of the drug distribution to tissues and elimination half-life. In the pharmacodynamic analysis, the observations in all four studies were entirely consistent and have shown lower values of T>MIC90 in healthy animals and significantly higher values in infected dairy cows. The comparison of studies A, B, C, and D revealed that the time of complete CEF wash-out of 90.90% varied and amounted to 5.7, 8.0, 2.2, and 2.2 days after administration of the drug, respectively. It was confirmed that not only the type of the analytical method but also correct sampling have a significant impact on determination of the correct value of the drug half-life after IMM administration. The comparative analysis of studies in which the milk yield was high and low allows a conclusion that this parameter in the case of CEF has no significant effect on T>MIC90.
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The influence of rapid growth on sodium salicylate pharmacokinetics in male turkeys. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 41:163-165. [PMID: 28664587 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the influence of growth on the pharmacokinetics of sodium salicylate (SS) in male turkeys. SS was administered intravenously at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Plasma drug concentrations were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental analysis. As the age increased from 6 to 13 weeks (body weight increase from 2.35 to 9.43 kg), median body clearance decreased from 1.34 to 0.87 ml/min/kg. This caused a significant increase in the median mean residence time from 3.42 to 4.44 hr. Elimination phase proved to be biphasic and two elimination half-lives (T1/2el ) were distinguished. Whereas T1/2el1 was found to increase with age by 128%, T1/2el2 represented a later but faster and less age-dependent phase of elimination (increase by 56% in the respective groups). Volume of distribution decreased with age. These effects may lead to different therapeutic response to SS in turkeys of different age and body weights.
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Effect of Favorable Donor Factors on Outcomes After Bilateral Lung Transplantation: Preliminary Prospective Analysis of the University of Minnesota Donor Lung Quality Index (UMN-DLQI). J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Determination of cloxacillin residues in dairy cows after intramammary administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 40:552-560. [PMID: 28133845 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of the characteristics of cloxacillin (CLO) (MRL of withdrawal in bovine milk is 30 ng/g) after a single intramammary (IMM) dose in the dry period (DP) and lactation (LP), and to establish a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analytical method for CLO detection in milk. The research was conducted on a group of 10 cows in DP and 10 in LP. A single dose of 600 mg of CLO was administrated by the IMM route for a single quarter in DP and 500 mg for a single quarter in LP. CLO concentration was analyzed by HPLC. CLO was monitored at a wavelength of 206 nm. Pharmacokinetic calculations were performed using Phoenix® WinNonlin® 6.4 software. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 13.03-28 019.00 ng/g with the coefficient of determination R2 > 0.999. CLO withdrawal in both the LP and DP group had a biphasic nature. The total CLO elimination in the DP and LP group was reached after 36 and 6.5 days, respectively. A quantitative and confirmatory method for the determination of CLO in fresh milk has been established. We have confirmed that the withdrawal of CLO in the DP group is not a linear process and has a stepwise character.
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The influence of rapid growth in broilers on florfenicol pharmacokinetics – allometric modelling of the pharmacokinetic and haemodynamic parameters. Br Poult Sci 2017; 58:184-191. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1261994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Effects of dietary supplementation with pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin (PLEM) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) on the performance of piglets fed creep feed. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Metal ion-oxytetracycline pharmacokinetic interactions after oral co-administration in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1927-33. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Pharmacokinetic investigations of the marker active metabolites 4-methylamino-antipyrine and 4-amino-antipyrine after intramuscular injection of metamizole in healthy piglets. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2016; 39:616-620. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Metronidazole pharmacokinetics during rapid growth in turkeys - relation to changes in haemodynamics and drug metabolism. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2016; 39:373-80. [PMID: 26813708 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Whereas interspecies variation in pharmacokinetics is a commonly investigated issue, variations in drug kinetics within a species are less documented. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of age-related changes in haemodynamics on the pharmacokinetics of metronidazole (MTZ) and its hydroxy metabolite (MTZ-OH) in turkeys. MTZ was administered intravenously and orally at a dose of 25 mg/kg. Plasma drug and metabolite concentrations were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental analysis. Haemodynamic parameters (heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output) were assessed by echocardiography and extraction ratio for MTZ was calculated based on total body clearance (ClB ). Between the 5th and 15th week of age, ClB of MTZ decreased from 3.6 to 1.2 mL/min/kg causing a twofold increase in the mean residence time (MRT) and elimination half-life (T1/2el ). The MTZ-OH production decreased threefold and its MRT and T1/2el increased. Although heart rate significantly decreased with age, cardiac output increased. Extraction ratio was low in all age groups. It is concluded that significant age-dependent decrease in ClB of MTZ in turkeys resulted from decreased perfusion of the clearing organs and their reduced metabolic capacity. This phenomenon is probably species specific and may apply to other therapeutic agents.
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The influence of the time-of-day administration of sunitinib on the penetration through the blood-brain and blood-aqueous humour barriers in rabbits. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2016; 20:166-173. [PMID: 26813470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sunitinib is a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that exerts anti-tumor and antiangiogenic activity. It is used for the treatment of metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumours, renal cell carcinoma and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. A few studies confirm the anti-tumour activity of sunitinib in brain tumours and uveal melanoma, as well as its efficacy in the reduction of brain metastases of some primary cancers. Therefore, the penetration of sunitinib through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-aqueous humour barrier (BAB) is an issue of growing interest. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of the time-of-day administration on the penetration of sunitinib into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and aqueous humour (AH). MATERIALS AND METHODS The rabbits were divided into two groups: I (control group)--receiving sunitinib at 8 a.m., and II--receiving sunitinib at 8 p.m. Sunitinib was administered p.o. at a single dose of 25 mg. The concentrations of sunitinib and its active metabolite (SU12662) in the plasma, CSF, AH were measured with the validated HPLC-UV method. RESULTS The plasma AUC0-t for sunitinib in group I was 2051.8 ng × h/mL, whereas in group II it was 3069.3 ng × h/mL. The aqueous humour AUC0-t for sunitinib in thr groups were 43.2 and 76.3 ng × h/mL, respectively. The cerebrospinal AUC0-t for sunitinib in groups I and II were 55.5 and 66.3 ng × h/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS After the evening administration (8 p.m.) the exposure to sunitinib in the rabbits' plasma, AH and CSF was higher than after the morning administration (8 a.m.), but the degree of sunitinib penetration through the BAB and BBB was very low (< 5%) and comparable in both groups.
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Relationship between Tregitopes Structure and Binding with Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2015; 66:211-6. [PMID: 26418415 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1564117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Epitopes of T-cells (tregitopes) are linear sequences of amino acids present in many animal and human proteins. Tregitopes suppress the immunological response and could play a significant regulatory role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. They modulate T-cell response activated by the antigens of the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I).The aim of this study was an attempt to determine the correlation between physicochemical properties and structures of tregitopes and their binding strength with MHC-I. 21 amino acid sequences of immunoglobulin G with verified or similar to tregitopes function were selected. The analysis of the binding strength with MHC-I was carried out on 41 various alleles since MHC-I can be coded by numerous alleles. The first phase of study attempted to find a correlation between the half minimal inhibitory concentration (LogIC50) calculated for MHC-I and physicochemical properties. From formulated arithmetic statements, only one allowed to determine significant correlation with LogIC50 with reference to alleles A*02:01 and A*02:06. The correlations for the alleles were linear and sigmoid, respectively (p<0.001). The presence of the repeated amino acids was confirmed in the sequences of the studied compounds. These amino acids are connected with stronger binding or lack of the binding with MHC-I expressed by LogIC50. The study shows the translation from the classification (cloud) model to the linear one. The significant linear dependence between chemical structure of tregitopes and their LogIC50 calculated for MHC-I was displayed. The presented method can be used in screening of new sequences that have regulatory properties for regulatory T-cells.
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The University of Minnesota Lung Donor Quality Index (UMN-DLQI): A Consensus-Based Scoring Tool for Lung Donor Evaluations. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.01.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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The pharmacokinetics of oral oxycodone in patients after total gastric resection. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2014; 18:3126-3133. [PMID: 25392115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxycodone is a semi-synthetic opioid with a stronger analgesic effect than morphine and codeine. The efficacy of this opioid in the treatment of postoperative pain has been proved in different groups of patients. The drug has a favourable adverse reaction profile, which encourages doctors and patients to use it more and more widely. The drug is also used in the patients who underwent an abdominal surgery, e.g. stomach resection. Gastrectomy leads to pathophysiological changes within the gastrointestinal tract, which may cause changes in the drug absorption. In consequence this leads to a change in the pharmacokinetics and effect of the drug. The aim of the research was an analysis of the pharmacokinetics of oxycodone from prolonged release tablet in patients after total gastrectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS The research was carried out on patients after gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction. The patients (n=24; mean [SD] age, 67.6 [9.8] years; weight, 69.1 [13.6] kg; and BMI, 25.2 [4.0] kg/m(2)) received oxycodone in a prolonged release tablet in a single orally administered dose of 10 mg. Blood samples were collected within 12 h after the drug administration. The plasma concentrations of oxycodone and noroxycodone were measured with validated high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with triple tandem mass spectrometery method. RESULTS The main pharmacokinetic parameters for oxycodone in men (n = 14) and women (n = 10) were as follows: Cmax, 14.40 (3.76) and 11.54 (6.98) ng/ml (p = 0.2066); AUC0-∞, 157.87 (56.89) and 106.44 (61.31) ng´h/ml (p = 0.0460); tmax, 2.18 (0.58) and 2.15 (0.58) h (p = 0.8008), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Total gastrectomy did not affect the pharmacokinetics of oxycodone administered in prolonged release tablets, but the exposure to the drug was significantly lower in women.
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Relationship between Tetracyclines' Structure and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration of Streptococcus spp. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2014; 65:410-5. [PMID: 25153336 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1387718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
During the past years, a growing number of bacterial strains have become resistant to tetracyclines. The problem of increasing resistance and lack of susceptibility to tetracyclines applies to strains isolated from both: animals and humans. Basic tools to design new drugs and determining the direction of the search for new molecules is the analysis of the relationship between the chemical structure and the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters. Purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between physicochemical parameters of tetracyclines and MIC50 and MIC90 values determined for Streptococcus spp. Analysis of physicochemical parameters of selected drugs was made using MarvinSketch 5.11.5 (ChemAxon Ltd.) and QuickProp 3.1 software from Schrödinger package v 31207. MIC50 and MIC90 values were correlated with 51 calculated physicochemical parameters and arithmetic expressions. Internal and external model validation was performed using leave-one out method. 4 arithmetic expressions fulfilled all validation criteria, but only in relation to MIC50. A new method to optimize the tetracyclines' structure in relation to Streptococcus spp. was presented. It was also shown that the relations of structure: antimicrobial activity type can have different nature depending on MIC50 or MIC90 of specific bacterial strain.
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The influence of the time-of-day administration of the drug on the pharmacokinetics of sunitinib in rabbits. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2014; 18:2393-2399. [PMID: 25219843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES At present it is known that the adjustment of the anticancer therapy to the circadian rhythms in tissues reduces the toxicity of the treatment. Chronotherapy also increases the efficacy of the anticancer treatment, which has been proved for many drugs. Sunitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which is broadly used for the treatment of numerous cancers. The aim of the study was a comparison of the concentrations and pharmacokinetics of sunitinib after a single administration to rabbits at 08:00 (control group) and 20:00. Additionally, the effect of sunitinib on glucose levels was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The research was carried out on two groups of rabbits: I08:00, a group with the drug administered at 08:00 (n=8) and II20:00, a group with the drug administered at 20:00 (n=8). The rabbits were treated with sunitinib at an oral dose of 25 mg. Plasma concentrations of sunitinib and its metabolite (SU12662) were measured with a validated HPLC method with UV detection. RESULTS The comparison of the sunitinib Cmax and AUC0-t in the group with sunitinib administered at 20:00 with the control group gave the ratios of 2.20 (90% confidence interval (CI) (2.17; 2.22) and 1.64 (1.61; 1.68), respectively. Statistically significant differences between the groups under analysis were revealed for Cmax (p < 0.0001), AUC0-t (p = 0.0079), AUC0-∞ (p = 0.0149), and tmax (p = 0.0085). The mean glycemia drop was higher in group I08:00. than in group II20:00 (22.7% vs. 14.3%; p = 0.0622). The glycemia values returned to the initial values in 24 h after the administration of the drug in both groups. CONCLUSIONS The research proved a significant influence of the time-of-day administration on the pharmacokinetics of sunitinib.
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Abstract
Regulatory agencies do not specify how to plan the sampling intervals in pharmacokinetics (PK) studies. Every interval between each sampling point forms one of the fractions of the area under the curve (AUC). The aim of this study is to propose a method of qualitative evaluation of PK studies, on the basis of the analysis of the partial AUC fields' values. For the pharmacokinetic analysis, average concentrations of high variability drug-itraconazole were used before (BO) and after sampling intervals optimization (AO). PK calculations were performed using Phoenix(TM) WinNonlin 6.3(®) (Certara L.P.) and in house software Biokinetica 4.0. Arithmetic formula and acceptance limit (AL%) was established, below which the mean of partial fields (MAF) value in PK study can be considered optimal. In case of MAF the CV% value before optimization was 125.35 and after the optimization 46.51. In the cases of AUC fractions for several partial fields BO data, the AL% value was exceeded. The values of AUC fractions did not exceed AL% established for AO data. The paper proposes an empirical method of quality assessment, made on the basis of the percentage of the AUC fractions. This method can be used in the quality assessment of PK studies.
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Leave-one-out Procedure in the Validation of Elimination Rate Constant Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1331194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Aerobic Fitness, Cognition, and Brain Networks in Parkinson's Disease (S52.004). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s52.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Abstract
A decade of empirical work in brain imaging, genomics, and other areas of research has yielded new knowledge about the frequency of incidental findings, investigator responsibility, and risks and benefits of disclosure. Straightforward guidance for handling such findings of possible clinical significance, however, has been elusive. In early work focusing on imaging studies of the brain, we suggested that investigators and institutional review boards must anticipate and articulate plans for handling incidental findings. Here we provide a detailed analysis of different approaches to the problem and evaluate their merits in the context of the goals and setting of the research and the involvement of neurologists, radiologists, and other physicians. Protecting subject welfare and privacy, as well as ensuring scientific integrity, are the highest priorities in making choices about how to handle incidental findings. Forethought and clarity will enable these goals without overburdening research conducted within or outside the medical setting.
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Pharmacokinetics of flunixin in mature heifers following multiple intravenous administration. Pol J Vet Sci 2008; 11:199-203. [PMID: 18942540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine was determined after its multiple (altogether 4 doses at 24-hours intervals) intravenous administration at a dose of 2.2 mg/kg body weight in six mature clinically healthy heifers. Plasma flunixin and its metabolite 5-hydroxyflunixin concentrations were analyzed with high-pressure liquid chromatography using an assay with a lower limit detection of 0.03 microg/ml for both substances. Plasma concentrations versus time curves were described by a two compartment open model. Mean plasma flunixin concentrations were similar on day 1 and 4, and than rapidly decreased (within 2 hours) from initial concentrations higher than 10 microg/ml to the concentrations lower than 1 microg/ml. The distribution phase of flunixin was short (t0.5 alpha = 0.29 +/- 0.16 and 0.18 +/- 0.04 on day 1 and 4, respectively) and the elimination phase was more prolonged (t0.5 beta = 3.30 +/- 0.60 and 3.26 +/- 0.22 on day 1 and 4, respectively). The mean residence time of flunixin was similar on day 1 (1.83 +/- 0.83) and 4 (1.88 +/- 0.46), and for 5-hydroxyflunixin this parameter was insignificantly (P > 0.05) higher on day 1 (5.49 +/- 2.22) as compared to that found on day 4 (3.99 +/- 2.17). The clearance of flunixin was similar on both examined days (0.23 +/- 0.12 on day 1 and 0.31 +/- 0.15 on day 4), and for 5-hydroxyflunixin was insignificantly (P > 0.05) lower on day 1 (2.37 +/- 1.21) as compared to that determined on day 4 (3.23 +/- 1.06). Our data indicate that multiple administration of flunixin did not alter significantly the parent drug and its metabolite concentrations in plasma, however may cause some small changes in pharmacokinetic parameters.
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Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of florfenicol (FF), thiamphenicol (TP) and chloramphenicol (CP) after single intravenous (i.v.) or oral (p.o.) administration was studied in an independent cross-over study in broiler turkeys. All the fenicol antibiotics were administered at a dose of 30 mg/kg b.w. and their concentrations in plasma samples were assayed using the same validated high-performance liquid chromatography method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by a noncompartmental method. The kinetic profiles of the compounds were compared with the results of the structure-activity relationship. According to the proposed mathematical description, no differences in plasma clearance values for the studied antibiotics were observed. The mean residence time values of FF, TF, and CP after i.v. injection were 3.37+/-0.63, 2.43+/-0.29, and 2.12+/-0.21 h, respectively. The mean values of Varea for FF (1.39+/-0.31 L/kg) and TP (1.31+/-0.19 L/kg) were similar, but significantly different from that of CP (1.04+/-0.12 L/kg). The bioavailabilities of FF, TP, and CP after oral administration were 82%, 69%, and 45%, respectively. Differences in the bioavailability values of the compared fenicol antibiotics correspond to the ratio of the apolar/polar surface areas of their particles.
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Neural systems behind word and concept retrieval. Cognition 2004; 92:179-229. [PMID: 15037130 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2002.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2001] [Revised: 06/26/2002] [Accepted: 07/27/2002] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Using both the lesion method and functional imaging (positron emission tomography) in large cohorts of subjects investigated with the same experimental tasks, we tested the following hypotheses: (A) that the retrieval of words which denote concrete entities belonging to distinct conceptual categories depends upon partially segregated regions in higher-order cortices of the left temporal lobe; and (B) that the retrieval of conceptual knowledge pertaining to the same concrete entities also depends on partially segregated regions; however, those regions will be different from those postulated in hypothesis A, and located predominantly in the right hemisphere (the second hypothesis tested only with the lesion method). The analyses provide support for hypothesis A in that several regions outside the classical Broca and Wernicke language areas are involved in name retrieval of concrete entities, and that there is a partial segregation in the temporal lobe with respect to the conceptual category to which the entities belong, and partial support for hypothesis B in that retrieval of conceptual knowledge is partially segregated from name retrieval in the lesion study. Those regions identified here are seen as parts of flexible, multi-component systems serving concept and word retrieval for concrete entities belonging to different conceptual categories. By comparing different approaches the article also addresses a number of method issues that have surfaced in recent studies in this field.
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Improvement in variability of the horizontal meridian of the primary visual area following high-resolution spatial normalization. Hum Brain Mapp 2002; 18:123-34. [PMID: 12518292 PMCID: PMC6872053 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.10080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the decrease in intersubject functional variability in the horizontal meridian (HM) of the primary visual area (V1) before and after individual anatomical variability was significantly reduced using a high-resolution spatial normalization (HRSN) method. The analyzed dataset consisted of 10 normal, right-handed volunteers who had undergone both an O-15 PET study, which localized retinotopic visual area (V1), and a high-resolution anatomical MRI. Individual occipital lobes were manually segmented from anatomical images and transformed into a common space using an in-house high-resolution regional spatial normalization method called OSN. Individual anatomical and functional variability was quantified before and after HRSN processing. The reduction of individual anatomical variability was judged by the reduction in gray matter (GM) mismatch and by the improvement in overlap frequency between individual calcarine sulci. The reduction in intersubject functional variability of HM was determined by measurements of the overlap frequency between individual HM areas and by improvement in intersubject Z-score maps. The HRSN processing significantly reduced the individual anatomical variability: GM mismatch was reduced by a factor of two and the mean calcarine sulcus overlap frequency was improved from 37 to 68%. The reduction in functional variability was more subtle. However, both HM mean overlap (increased from 18 to 28%) and the average Z-score (increased from 2.2 to 2.55) were significantly improved. Although, functional registration was significantly improved by matching sulci, there was still residual variability. This is believed to be the variability of individual areas within the calcarine sulcus, and cannot be resolved by sulcal match. Thus, the proposed methodology provides an efficient, unbiased, and automated way to study structure-functional relationship in human brain.
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Abstract
We describe a 60-year-old man with MELAS syndrome (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes) and discuss the mitochondrial DNA point mutation 3243. A diagnosis of MELAS should be considered in the appropriate clinical setting at any age.
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Abstract
When the landmark patient Phineas Gage died in 1861, no autopsy was performed, but his skull was later recovered. The brain lesion that caused the profound personality changes for which his case became famous has been presumed to have involved the left frontal region, but questions have been raised about the involvement of other regions and about the exact placement of the lesion within the vast frontal territory. Measurements from Gage's skull and modern neuroimaging techniques were used to reconstitute the accident and determine the probable location of the lesion. The damage involved both left and right prefrontal cortices in a pattern that, as confirmed by Gage's modern counterparts, causes a defect in rational decision making and the processing of emotion.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptomeningeal myelomatosis is a rare complication of multiple myeloma. METHODS The authors identified and studied three patients with leptomeningeal myelomatosis and reviewed previous case reports of this condition. RESULTS The patients described here had intermittent abnormalities in mental status or cranial nerve and brain stem abnormalities. Two of the patients responded dramatically, though transiently, to treatment. In one patient, the clinical findings correlated with lesions visualized by gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. CONCLUSIONS These patients are typical of those reported previously. Patients with leptomeningeal myelomatosis often have a good response to treatment initially, but long-term survival is rare.
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DIAGNOSIS OF DISTANT VESSEL CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN EARLY POST MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION STRESS TESTING. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1984. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-198404000-00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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[Liquid nitrogen treatment of alopecia areata]. PRZEGLAD DERMATOLOGICZNY 1981; 68:607-9. [PMID: 7347414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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38
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[Coloscopy during large bowel surgery]. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 1977; 30:1917-9. [PMID: 605623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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39
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[Determination of basic gastrin level in a group of healthy subjects and patients with aggressive hepatitis and duodenal ulcer]. POLSKIE ARCHIWUM MEDYCYNY WEWNETRZNEJ 1977; 57:357-65. [PMID: 887451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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40
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[Urgent indications for gastroduodenoscopy]. POLSKIE ARCHIWUM MEDYCYNY WEWNETRZNEJ 1976; 56:359-63. [PMID: 980928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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41
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[Changes in subcardial gastric area in radiological and endoscopic investigations (author's transl)]. POLSKI PRZEGLAD RADIOLOGII I MEDYCYNY NUKLEARNEJ 1976; 40:257-60. [PMID: 980935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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42
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[Clinical value of gastrin determination]. POLSKI TYGODNIK LEKARSKI (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 1976; 31:1061-3. [PMID: 951279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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43
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[Duodenal cap ulcer in radiographic and endoscopic observation]. POLSKI TYGODNIK LEKARSKI (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 1976; 31:931-3. [PMID: 951255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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44
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[Simple preparation of the colon for radiographic studies endoscopy]. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 1976; 29:277-9. [PMID: 1251647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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45
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[Disappearance of symptoms and healing of gastric and duodenal ulcer]. POLSKI TYGODNIK LEKARSKI (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 1976; 31:99-100. [PMID: 1257120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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46
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[Report on the 14th Congress of Czech Gastroenterologists (Praque, June 25-29, 1972)]. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 1973; 26:871-5. [PMID: 4706385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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47
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[Gelatin digestion in achlorhydric gastritis]. POLSKI TYGODNIK LEKARSKI (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 1971; 26:1196-7. [PMID: 5095814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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48
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[Modern views on peptic ulcers]. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 1970; 23:1891-7. [PMID: 4922138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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49
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[Comparative evaluation of gastric juice sampling technics]. POLSKIE ARCHIWUM MEDYCYNY WEWNETRZNEJ 1969; 42:731-6. [PMID: 5785397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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50
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Protein digestion in duodeno-biliary dyskinesia. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 1967; 30:608-14. [PMID: 5597861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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