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Bizuayehu HM, Dadi AF, Hassen TA, Ketema DB, Ahmed KY, Kassa ZY, Amsalu E, Kibret GD, Alemu AA, Alebel A, Shifa JE, Assefa Y, Tessema GA, Sarich P, Gebremedhin AF, Bore MG. Global burden of 34 cancers among women in 2020 and projections to 2040: Population-based data from 185 countries/territories. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1377-1393. [PMID: 38059753 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Globally women face inequality in cancer outcomes; for example, smaller improvements in life expectancy due to decreased cancer-related deaths than men (0.5 vs 0.8 years, 1981-2010). However, comprehensive global evidence on the burden of cancer among women (including by reproductive age spectrum) as well as disparities by region, remains limited. This study aimed to address these evidence gaps by considering 34 cancer types in 2020 and their projections for 2040. The cancer burden among women in 2020 was estimated using population-based data from 185 countries/territories sourced from GLOBOCAN. Mortality to Incidence Ratios (MIR), a proxy for survival, were estimated by dividing the age-standardised mortality rates by the age-standardised incidence rates. Demographic projections were performed to 2040. In 2020, there were an estimated 9.3 million cancer cases and 4.4 million cancer deaths globally. Projections showed an increase to 13.3 million (↑44%) and 7.1 million (↑60%) in 2040, respectively, with larger proportional increases in low- and middle-income countries. MIR among women was higher (poorer survival) in rare cancers and with increasing age. Countries with low Human Development Indexes (HDIs) had higher MIRs (69%) than countries with very high HDIs (30%). There was inequality in cancer incidence and mortality worldwide among women in 2020, which will further widen by 2040. Implementing cancer prevention efforts and providing basic cancer treatments by expanding universal health coverage through a human rights approach, expanding early screening opportunities and strengthening medical infrastructure are key to improving and ensuring equity in cancer control and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habtamu Mellie Bizuayehu
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Abel F Dadi
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
- Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tahir A Hassen
- Center for Women's Health Research, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel Bekele Ketema
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- College of Medicine and Health science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Kedir Y Ahmed
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zemenu Y Kassa
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erkihun Amsalu
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Getiye Dejenu Kibret
- College of Medicine and Health science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Addisu Alehegn Alemu
- College of Medicine and Health science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Animut Alebel
- College of Medicine and Health science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jemal E Shifa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yibeltal Assefa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gizachew A Tessema
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Sarich
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, A Joint Venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aster Ferede Gebremedhin
- College of Medicine and Health science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Meless G Bore
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
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Khan MN, Harris ML, Hassen TA, Bagade T, Shifti DM, Feyissa TR, Chojenta C. Effects of short birth interval on child malnutrition in the Asia-Pacific region: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Matern Child Nutr 2024:e13643. [PMID: 38530129 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Child malnutrition remains a significant concern in the Asia-Pacific region, with short birth intervals recognised as a potential risk factor. However, evidence of this association is inconclusive. This study aimed to systematically review the existing evidence and assess the summary effects of short birth interval on child malnutrition in the Asia-Pacific region. Five electronic databases were searched in May 2023 to identify relevant studies reporting the association between short birth interval and child malnutrition, including stunting, wasting, underweight, anaemia and overall malnutrition, in Asia-Pacific region between September 2000 and May 2023. Fixed-effects or random-effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate the summary effects of short birth interval on child malnutrition. Out of 56 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, 48 were included in quantitative synthesis through meta-analysis. We found a slightly higher likelihood of stunting (n = 25, odds ratio [OR] = 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97-1.32) and overall malnutrition (n = 3, OR = 2.42; 95% CI: 0.88-6.65) among children born in short birth intervals compared to those with nonshort intervals, although the effect was not statistically significant. However, caution is warranted due to identified heterogeneity across studies. Subgroup analysis demonstrated significant effects of short birth intervals on child malnutrition in national-level studies and studies with larger sample sizes. These findings underscore short birth intervals as a significant contributor to child malnutrition in the Asia-Pacific region. Implementing effective policies and programs is vital to alleviate this burden, ultimately reducing child malnutrition and associated adverse outcomes, including child mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nuruzzaman Khan
- Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
- Centre for Women's Health Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melissa L Harris
- Centre for Women's Health Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tahir A Hassen
- Centre for Women's Health Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tanmay Bagade
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Desalegn M Shifti
- Centre for Women's Health Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tesfaye R Feyissa
- Deakin Rural Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine Chojenta
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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Ahmed KY, Dadi AF, Kibret GD, Bizuayehu HM, Hassen TA, Amsalu E, Ketema DB, Kassa ZY, Bore MG, Alebel A, Alemu AA, Shifa JE, Leshargie CT, Thapa S, Omar SH, Ross AG. Population modifiable risk factors associated with under-5 acute respiratory tract infections and diarrhoea in 25 countries in sub-Saharan Africa (2014-2021): an analysis of data from demographic and health surveys. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 68:102444. [PMID: 38333537 PMCID: PMC10850409 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying the critical modifiable risk factors for acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) and diarrhoea is crucial to reduce the burden of disease and mortality among children under 5 years of age in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and ultimately achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We investigated the modifiable risk factors of ARI and diarrhoea among children under five using nationally representative surveys. Methods We used the most recent demographic and health survey (DHS) data (2014-2021) from 25 SSA countries, encompassing a total of 253,167 children. Countries were selected based on the availability of recent datasets (e.g., DHS-VII or DHS-VIII) that represent the current socioeconomic situations. Generalised linear latent mixed models were used to compute odds ratios (ORs). Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated using adjusted ORs and prevalence estimates for key modifiable risk factors among ARI and diarrhoeal cases. Findings This study involved 253,167 children, with a mean age of 28.7 (±17.3) months, and 50.5% were male. The highest PAFs for ARI were attributed to unclean cooking fuel (PAF = 15.7%; 95% CI: 8.1, 23.1), poor maternal education (PAF = 13.4%; 95% CI: 8.7, 18.5), delayed initiation of breastfeeding (PAF = 12.4%; 95% CI: 9.0, 15.3), and poor toilets (PAF = 8.5%; 95% CI: 4.7, 11.9). These four modifiable risk factors contributed to 41.5% (95% CI: 27.2, 52.9) of ARI cases in SSA. The largest PAFs of diarrhoea were observed for unclean cooking fuel (PAF = 17.3%; 95% CI: 13.5, 22.3), delayed initiation of breastfeeding (PAF = 9.2%; 95% CI: 7.5, 10.5), household poverty (PAF = 7.0%; 95% CI: 5.0, 9.1) and poor maternal education (PAF = 5.6%; 95% CI: 2.9, 8.8). These four modifiable risk factors contributed to 34.0% (95% CI: 26.2, 42.3) of cases of diarrhoea in SSA. Interpretation This cross-sectional study identified four modifiable risk factors for ARI and diarrhoea that should be a priority for policymakers in SSA. Enhancing home-based care and leveraging female community health workers is crucial for accelerating the reduction in under-5 mortality linked to ARI and diarrhoea in SSA. Funding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedir Y. Ahmed
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Abel F. Dadi
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Getiye Dejenu Kibret
- Faculty of Health, School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia
| | - Habtamu Mellie Bizuayehu
- First Nations Cancer and Wellbeing (FNCW) Research Program, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Tahir A. Hassen
- Center for Women’s Health Research, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Erkihun Amsalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia
- St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Bekele Ketema
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Markos University, Ethiopia
| | - Zemenu Yohannes Kassa
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Meless G. Bore
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Animut Alebel
- Faculty of Health, School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Addisu Alehegn Alemu
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, Australia
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Markos University, Ethiopia
| | - Jemal E. Shifa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cheru Tesema Leshargie
- Faculty of Health, School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Markos University, Ethiopia
| | - Subash Thapa
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Syed Haris Omar
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Allen G. Ross
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
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Hassen TA, Pearson S, Cowled PA, Fitridge RA. Preoperative Nutritional Status Predicts the Severity of the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) Following Major Vascular Surgery. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2007; 33:696-702. [PMID: 17276097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2006.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 12/03/2006] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the relationship between pre-operative nutritional status and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or sepsis following major vascular surgery. DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects undergoing open AAA repair, EVAR or lower limb revascularisation were studied prospectively. Pre-operative nutrition was assessed clinically using Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and body composition was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scanning. SIRS severity was assessed for 5 post-operative days and sepsis noted within 30 days of surgery. RESULTS Using MNA, neither SIRS severity nor sepsis occurrence differed significantly between 'well-nourished' subjects and those 'at risk of malnutrition'. Using DEXA, negative associations existed between body mass index and both SIRS score and SIRS duration. Fat free mass (FFM) was negatively associated with SIRS score and duration. Negative associations also existed between skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and SIRS score and duration. SMM was also negatively correlated with post-operative length of stay in hospital. There were no significant correlations between sepsis and any nutritional indices. CONCLUSIONS Lower pre-operative nutritional indices, indicating protein energy malnutrition, were associated with more severe systemic inflammatory responses following major vascular surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Hassen
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia, Australia
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