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Hubai A, Mezei TR, Béres F, Benczúr A, Miklós I. Constructing and sampling partite, 3-uniform hypergraphs with given degree sequence. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303155. [PMID: 38748653 PMCID: PMC11095770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Partite, 3-uniform hypergraphs are 3-uniform hypergraphs in which each hyperedge contains exactly one point from each of the 3 disjoint vertex classes. We consider the degree sequence problem of partite, 3-uniform hypergraphs, that is, to decide if such a hypergraph with prescribed degree sequences exists. We prove that this decision problem is NP-complete in general, and give a polynomial running time algorithm for third almost-regular degree sequences, that is, when each degree in one of the vertex classes is k or k - 1 for some fixed k, and there is no restriction for the other two vertex classes. We also consider the sampling problem, that is, to uniformly sample partite, 3-uniform hypergraphs with prescribed degree sequences. We propose a Parallel Tempering method, where the hypothetical energy of the hypergraphs measures the deviation from the prescribed degree sequence. The method has been implemented and tested on synthetic and real data. It can also be applied for χ2 testing of contingency tables. We have shown that this hypergraph-based χ2 test is more sensitive than the standard χ2 test. The extra sensitivity is especially advantageous on small data sets, where the proposed Parallel Tempering method shows promising performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - András Benczúr
- HUN-REN SZTAKI, Budapest, Hungary
- Széchenyi University, Győr, Hungary
| | - István Miklós
- HUN-REN Rényi Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN SZTAKI, Budapest, Hungary
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Dedinszki D, Szeri F, Kozák E, Pomozi V, Tőkési N, Mezei TR, Merczel K, Letavernier E, Tang E, Le Saux O, Arányi T, van de Wetering K, Váradi A. Oral administration of pyrophosphate inhibits connective tissue calcification. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 9:1463-1470. [PMID: 28701330 PMCID: PMC5666306 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201707532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Various disorders including pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) and generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI), which are caused by inactivating mutations in ABCC6 and ENPP1, respectively, present with extensive tissue calcification due to reduced plasma pyrophosphate (PPi). However, it has always been assumed that the bioavailability of orally administered PPi is negligible. Here, we demonstrate increased PPi concentration in the circulation of humans after oral PPi administration. Furthermore, in mouse models of PXE and GACI, oral PPi provided via drinking water attenuated their ectopic calcification phenotype. Noticeably, provision of drinking water with 0.3 mM PPi to mice heterozygous for inactivating mutations in Enpp1 during pregnancy robustly inhibited ectopic calcification in their Enpp1−/− offspring. Our work shows that orally administered PPi is readily absorbed in humans and mice and inhibits connective tissue calcification in mouse models of PXE and GACI. PPi, which is recognized as safe by the FDA, therefore not only has great potential as an effective and extremely low‐cost treatment for these currently intractable genetic disorders, but also in other conditions involving connective tissue calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Dedinszki
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Flóra Szeri
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kozák
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Immunology, ELTE, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viola Pomozi
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Natália Tőkési
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Róbert Mezei
- Department of Mathematics and its Applications Central European University, Budapest, Hungary.,Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Merczel
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emmanuel Letavernier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1155, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR S 1155, Paris, France.,Physiology Unit, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Ellie Tang
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1155, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR S 1155, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Le Saux
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Tamás Arányi
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,MITOVASC, CNRS UMR 6015, Inserm U1083, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Koen van de Wetering
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - András Váradi
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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