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Tongkerd P, Lwin N, Páll-Gergely B, Chanabun R, Pholyotha A, Prasankok P, Seesamut T, Siriwut W, Srisonchai R, Sutcharit C, Panha S. Contributions of a small collection of terrestrial microsnails (Pupilloidea, Hypselostomatidae) from Myanmar with description of three new species. Zookeys 2024; 1195:157-197. [PMID: 38525356 PMCID: PMC10958184 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1195.112112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Land snails were collected for the project 'Conserving Myanmar's Karst Biodiversity' from the limestone karsts in Mon, Kayin, and Shan states and in the regions of Tanintharyi and Mandalay between 2015 and 2017, through cooperation with Fauna and Flora International (FFI) and the Forestry Department of Myanmar. Here, we report on a portion of the collection, and list 17 species from seven genera of the Hypselostomatidae microsnails. Three new species from two genera are described as Bensonellataiyaiorum Tongkerd & Panha, sp. nov., B.lophiodera Tongkerd & Panha, sp. nov., and Gyliotrachelaaunglini Tongkerd & Panha, sp. nov. All new species are known only from the type locality in Shan State (Bensonella) and Kayin State (Gyliotrachela). A new combination of Acinolaemusdayanum and three newly recorded species, namely A.cryptidentatus, B.anguloobtusa and G.hungerfordiana are discussed. The low morphological variability of the widely distributed G.hungerfordiana is discussed, and two species are proposed for formal synonymisation. Constituting the first records for Myanmar, five species of Bensonella and two species of Acinolaemus were collected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyoros Tongkerd
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ngwe Lwin
- Fauna and Flora International, No. 35, 3rd Floor, Shan Gone Condo, Myay Ni Gone Market Street, Sanchaung Township, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Barna Páll-Gergely
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ratmanee Chanabun
- Program in Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
| | - Arthit Pholyotha
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pongpun Prasankok
- Biodiversity and Utilization Research Unit, Center of Excellence in Modern Agriculture, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
| | - Teerapong Seesamut
- School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Warut Siriwut
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand
| | - Ruttapon Srisonchai
- Animal Systematics and Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chirasak Sutcharit
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Somsak Panha
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Seesamut T, Oba Y, Jirapatrasilp P, Martinsson S, Lindström M, Erséus C, Panha S. Global species delimitation of the cosmopolitan marine littoral earthworm Pontodrilus litoralis (Grube, 1855). Sci Rep 2024; 14:1753. [PMID: 38243053 PMCID: PMC10799051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The marine littoral earthworm Pontodrilus litoralis (Grube, 1855) is widely distributed and is reported as a single species. This study utilized an integrative taxonomic approach based upon morphological examination, phylogenetic reconstruction, and molecular species delimitation, to test whether the taxon is a single species or a species complex. For this, a total of 114 P. litoralis specimens collected from North America, Africa, Australia and Oceania, Europe and Asia were used. The phylogenetic analyses revealed deeply divergent mitochondrial lineages and a high level of genetic diversity among P. litoralis populations. Both single and multi-locus species delimitation analyses yielded several molecular operational taxonomic units. Therefore, due to the homogeneity of morphological characteristics, it is likely that the morphospecies P. litoralis is a complex of four or more cryptic species, suggesting that more sampling is required and that the population structure genetic data and gene flow need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerapong Seesamut
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, 12000, Thailand
| | - Yuichi Oba
- Department of Environmental Biology, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Parin Jirapatrasilp
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Svante Martinsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Maria Lindström
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Christer Erséus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Somsak Panha
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand.
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Chanabun R, Aoonkum A, Seesamut T, Bantaowong U, Panha S. Four new terrestrial earthworm species from the northeast Thailand (Oligochaeta, Megascolecidae). Zookeys 2023; 1176:195-219. [PMID: 37675339 PMCID: PMC10477909 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1176.106517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Earthworm specimens collected from Sakon Nakhon and Nakhon Phanom, northeast Thailand, were found to contain four new species in the family Megascolecidae, with one species in the genus Metaphire Sims & Easton, 1972, and the other three in the genus Amynthas Kinberg, 1867. These are herein named Metaphiresongkhramensis Chanabun & Panha, sp. nov. in the sexthecal houlleti species group, and Amynthassakonnakhonensis Chanabun & Panha, sp. nov., A.auriculus Chanabun & Panha, sp. nov., and A.bantanensis Chanabun & Panha, sp. nov. in the sexthecal aelianus species group. Metaphiresongkhramensis Chanabun & Panha, sp. nov. occurs in dark clay soil of the oxbow lake of the river, Amynthassakonnakhonensis Chanabun & Panha, sp. nov. occurs in wetland area, A.auriculus Chanabun & Panha, sp. nov. occurs in dark sandy loam habitats of mixed deciduous forest while the following species, A.bantanensis Chanabun & Panha, sp. nov. occurs in sandy loam habitats of paddy fields. Descriptions of the new species, including illustrations of the external and internal morphological characteristics, are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratmanee Chanabun
- Program in Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
| | - Anuwat Aoonkum
- Program in Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
| | - Teerapong Seesamut
- Biodiversity and Utilization Research Unit, Center of Excellence in Modern Agriculture, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
| | - Ueangfa Bantaowong
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
| | - Somsak Panha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, 12000, Thailand
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Seesamut T, Ng B, Sutcharit C, Chanabun R, Panha S. Responses to salinity in the littoral earthworm genus Pontodrilus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22304. [PMID: 36566279 PMCID: PMC9789941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cosmopolitan littoral earthworm Pontodrilus litoralis is distributed in tropical and sub-tropical coastal habitats, whereas P. longissimus is reported only in the Thai-Malay coastal line. In the present study, we examined the difference in salinity effect on the survival rate, wet weight (hereafter weight) change, behaviour, and osmolality of these two Pontodrilus species. A 28 d exposure to varying salinity concentration (0-50 ppt) revealed that P. litoralis is able to survive over a wide salinity range than P. longissimus, with the latter species exhibiting a low survival rate over the same salinity range. During short-term exposure (0-96 h) to a salinity of less than 30 ppt, P. litoralis exhibited weight gain and this was significant in the first 12 h of exposure. However, P. longissimus gained weight when exposed to salinity at under 10 ppt in the first 72 h of exposure. The two species of Pontodrilus behaved differently when exposed to different salinities. The coelomic fluid osmolarity of Pontodrilus was related to the exposure medium and was mostly maintained as hyperosmotic to the external medium over the range of salinities tested. This study shows how two different species of the littoral earthworm genus Pontodrilus respond to a change in salinity, which may explain their dispersal pattern and shape their distribution pattern throughout Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerapong Seesamut
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Beewah Ng
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand ,Freecap Resource Sdn Bhd, Lot T-5, Lumut Port Industrial Park, KG Acheh Mukim Lumut, 32000 Sitiawan, Perak Malaysia
| | - Chirasak Sutcharit
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Ratmanee Chanabun
- grid.444149.80000 0001 0370 0609Program in Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Sakon Nakhon, 47000 Thailand
| | - Somsak Panha
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand ,grid.512985.2Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, 10300 Thailand
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Kobayashi S, Panha S, Seesamut T, Nantarat N, Likhitrakarn N, Denda T, Izawa M. First record of non-flying mammalian contributors to pollination in a tropical montane forest in Asia. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:17604-17608. [PMID: 35003626 PMCID: PMC8717269 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to identify the flower visitors of Mucuna thailandica (Fabaceae), endemic plant species in montane forests in Thailand, to determine their potential pollinators. The genus Mucuna produces papilionaceous flowers and has an explosive flower-opening step. Explosive opening rapidly exposes stamens and pistil from keel petals and releases pollen. The flower of this species depends completely on animals to perform this step, essential for pollination success. Using a camera trap survey, we revealed that non-flying mammals, such as squirrels (Callosciurus sp.) and masked palm civets (Paguma larvata), opened flowers explosively. Thus, these mammals contribute to the pollination of M. thailandica. This is the first report of non-flying mammals contributing to pollination in montane forests in tropical Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Kobayashi
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of the RyukyusNishiharaJapan
| | - Somsak Panha
- Department of BiologyFaculty of ScienceChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
- Academy of ScienceThe Royal Society of ThailandBangkokThailand
| | - Teerapong Seesamut
- Department of BiologyFaculty of ScienceChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Nattawadee Nantarat
- Department of BiologyFaculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | | | - Tetsuo Denda
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of the RyukyusNishiharaJapan
| | - Masako Izawa
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of the RyukyusNishiharaJapan
- Present address:
Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human HistoryKitakyushuJapan
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Seesamut T, Yano D, Paitio J, Kin I, Panha S, Oba Y. Occurrence of bioluminescent and nonbioluminescent species in the littoral earthworm genus Pontodrilus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8407. [PMID: 33863974 PMCID: PMC8052329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87984-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pontodrilus litoralis is a cosmopolitan littoral earthworm known to exhibit bioluminescence. Recently, a congeneric species, Pontodrilus longissimus, from Thailand was described. These species are sympatric, but their burrowing depths on Thai beaches are different. In this study, we examined the in vivo and in vitro bioluminescent properties of P. longissimus and P. litoralis. Mechanical stimulation induced in vivo luminescence in P. litoralis, as reported previously, but not in P. longissimus. In vitro cross-reaction tests between these species revealed the absence of luciferin and luciferase activities in P. longissimus. The coelomic fluid of P. litoralis had strong fluorescence that matched the spectral maximum of its bioluminescence, but the same result was not observed for P. longissimus. These results suggest that P. litoralis has luminescence abilities due to the creation of bioluminescent components (i.e., luciferin, luciferase, and light emitters). The presence of both luminous and nonluminous species in a single genus is likely widespread, but only a few examples have been confirmed. Our findings provide insight into the possible functions of bioluminescence in earthworms, such as avoiding predation by littoral earwigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerapong Seesamut
- Department of Environmental Biology, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Daichi Yano
- Department of Environmental Biology, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - José Paitio
- Department of Environmental Biology, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Ikuhiko Kin
- Department of Environmental Biology, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Somsak Panha
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand
| | - Yuichi Oba
- Department of Environmental Biology, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan.
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Seesamut T, Jirapatrasilp P, Chanabun R, Yuichi Oba, Panha S. Size variation and geographical distribution of the luminous earthworm Pontodriluslitoralis (Grube, 1855) (Clitellata, Megascolecidae) in Southeast Asia and Japan. Zookeys 2019; 862:23-42. [PMID: 31341384 PMCID: PMC6635397 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.862.35727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The luminous earthworm Pontodriluslitoralis (Grube, 1855) occurs in a very wide range of subtropical and tropical coastal areas. Morphometrics on size variation (number of segments, body length and diameter) and genetic analysis using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene sequence were conducted on 14 populations of P.litoralis from Southeast Asia and Japan. Statistical inference on morphometric data revealed significantly different size variations in the body length and diameter among these 14 populations of P.litoralis. However, discordance between the morphometric and mitochondrial COI gene-based phylogenetic analyses was evident, where the size variations in P.litoralis showed a different pattern from the COI genetic differences. The update on the current distribution of P.litoralis is reported and revealed different aspects of the littoral habitat characteristics between Southeast Asia and Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerapong Seesamut
- Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Department of Environmental Biology, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Parin Jirapatrasilp
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ratmanee Chanabun
- Program in Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture Technology, Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
| | - Yuichi Oba
- Department of Environmental Biology, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Somsak Panha
- Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Seesamut T, Sutcharit C, Jirapatrasilp P, Chanabun R, Panha S. Morphological and molecular evidence reveal a new species of the earthworm genus Pontodrilus Perrier, 1874 (Clitellata, Megascolecidae) from Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 2018; 4496:218-237. [PMID: 30313698 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A new species of the megascolecid earthworm genus Pontodrilus Perrier, 1874, Pontodrilus longissimus sp. n., is described from seashores of Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. The new species differs from congeners, especially the cosmopolitan P. litoralis (Grube, 1855) in the size of the body, number of segments and the shape of the spermathecae. P. litoralis is redescribed, based on specimens collected from the same region and the same type of habitat. DNA fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I of both species were sequenced. Morphological as well as DNA sequence-based comparisons confirm that P. longissimus sp. n. is a lineage distinct from P. litoralis and in fact a new species. The illustrated descriptions are accompanied by a key to species of Pontodrilus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerapong Seesamut
- Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Animal Systematics Research Unit, Depart ment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand..
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