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Strauch AM, Tingley RW, Hsiao J, Foulk PB, Frauendorf TC, MacKenzie RA, Infante DM. Population response to connectivity restoration of high elevation tropical stream reaches in Hawai'i. Conservat Sci and Prac 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayron M. Strauch
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management Honolulu Hawaii USA
- State of Hawai'i Department of Land and Natural Resources, Commission on Water Resource Management Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - Ralph W. Tingley
- Michigan State University Department of Fisheries and Wildlife East Lansing Michigan USA
- Great Lakes Science Center US Geological Survey Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Janet Hsiao
- Michigan State University Department of Fisheries and Wildlife East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Patra B. Foulk
- USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Center, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry Hilo Hawaii USA
| | - Therese C. Frauendorf
- University of Hawai'i at Mānoa Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management Honolulu Hawaii USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Richard A. MacKenzie
- USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Center, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry Hilo Hawaii USA
| | - Dana M. Infante
- Michigan State University Department of Fisheries and Wildlife East Lansing Michigan USA
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de Paula FR, Ruschel AR, Felizzola JF, Frauendorf TC, de Barros Ferraz SF, Richardson JS. Seizing resilience windows to foster passive recovery in the forest-water interface in Amazonian lands. Sci Total Environ 2022; 828:154425. [PMID: 35276136 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Forest regeneration has increased in many tropical abandoned lands and current restoration commitments in this region aim to restore over 1,400,000 km2 of degraded land by 2030. Although regenerating forests recover biomass, biodiversity, and processes with time, the recovery trajectories may be uncertain due to past disturbances. Currently, there is a lack of knowledge to sustain the effectiveness of passive regeneration for the recovery of riparian forests and the adjacent waterbodies in the tropics, which may compromise the outcomes of ongoing and future tropical riparian restoration programs. We evaluated the drivers of riparian forest structural recovery and how this relates to stream conditions in 12 abandoned pasturelands in eastern Brazilian Amazonia. These pasturelands range across regeneration age (pasture (PA) - 0 to 4 years; young regeneration (YR) - 8 to 12 years; old regeneration (OR) - 18 to 22 years) and years of past land-use (PA - 23.25 average years of past land-use, YR - 18.25, OR - 7). We compared the conditions of these sites to 4 reference sites with conserved forests (REF, >100 years), where there was no recorded pasture use in the past. Short-term responses of forests and streams to passive regeneration indicated high ecosystem resilience after low to intermediate past land-use intensity, reflected in the improvement of stream ecosystems. Such high resilience is possibly attributable to low- to intermediate-intensity pasture-related disturbances, remaining forest matrix, and residual structures (e.g. roots, sprouts, and in-stream wood) observed in the area. Our results suggest a recovery by 12 to 20 years for riparian forests of this region. However, areas degraded by intensive land-use apparently showed delayed recovery. We conclude that seizing resilience windows (defined here as the period when ecosystems retain high potential resilience) is essential to foster passive recovery of riparian forests and streams more cost-effectively in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Rossetti de Paula
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CP 9, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil; Department of Forest & Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 3041-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada; Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Trav. Doutor Enéas Pinheiro, s/n, CP 48, Belém, PA 66095-100, Brazil.
| | - Ademir Roberto Ruschel
- Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Trav. Doutor Enéas Pinheiro, s/n, CP 48, Belém, PA 66095-100, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Feitosa Felizzola
- Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Trav. Doutor Enéas Pinheiro, s/n, CP 48, Belém, PA 66095-100, Brazil.
| | - Therese C Frauendorf
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3020, Station CSC, Victoria, BC V8W3N5, Canada; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States.
| | - Silvio Frosini de Barros Ferraz
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CP 9, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - John S Richardson
- Department of Forest & Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 3041-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada.
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Frauendorf TC, MacKenzie RA, Tingley RW, Frazier AG, Riney MH, El-Sabaawi RW. Evaluating ecosystem effects of climate change on tropical island streams using high spatial and temporal resolution sampling regimes. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:1344-1357. [PMID: 30712279 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is expected to alter precipitation patterns worldwide, which will affect streamflow in riverine ecosystems. It is vital to understand the impacts of projected flow variations, especially in tropical regions where the effects of climate change are expected to be one of the earliest to emerge. Space-for-time substitutions have been successful at predicting effects of climate change in terrestrial systems by using a spatial gradient to mimic the projected temporal change. However, concerns have been raised that the spatial variability in these models might not reflect the temporal variability. We utilized a well-constrained rainfall gradient on Hawaii Island to determine (a) how predicted decreases in flow and increases in flow variability affect stream food resources and consumers and (b) if using a high temporal (monthly, four streams) or a high spatial (annual, eight streams) resolution sampling scheme would alter the results of a space-for-time substitution. Declines in benthic and suspended resource quantity (10- to 40-fold) and quality (shift from macrophyte to leaf litter dominated) contributed to 35-fold decreases in macroinvertebrate biomass with predicted changes in the magnitude and variability in the flow. Invertebrate composition switched from caddisflies and damselflies to taxa with faster turnover rates (mosquitoes, copepods). Changes in resource and consumer composition patterns were stronger with high temporal resolution sampling. However, trends and ranges of results did not differ between the two sampling regimes, indicating that a suitable, well-constrained spatial gradient is an appropriate tool for examining temporal change. Our study is the first to investigate resource to community wide effects of climate change on tropical streams on a spatial and temporal scale. We determined that predicted flow alterations would decrease stream resource and consumer quantity and quality, which can alter stream function, as well as biomass and habitat for freshwater, marine, and terrestrial consumers dependent on these resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese C Frauendorf
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Richard A MacKenzie
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, Hawaii
| | - Ralph W Tingley
- Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, The School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Michael H Riney
- Shasta Valley Resource Conservation District, Yreka, California
| | - Rana W El-Sabaawi
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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El-Sabaawi RW, Frauendorf TC, Marques PS, Mackenzie RA, Manna LR, Mazzoni R, Phillip DAT, Warbanski ML, Zandonà E. Biodiversity and ecosystem risks arising from using guppies to control mosquitoes. Biol Lett 2017; 12:rsbl.2016.0590. [PMID: 28120806 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Deploying mosquito predators such as the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) into bodies of water where mosquitoes breed is a common strategy for limiting the spread of disease-carrying mosquitoes. Here, we draw on studies from epidemiology, conservation, ecology and evolution to show that the evidence for the effectiveness of guppies in controlling mosquitoes is weak, that the chances of accidental guppy introduction into local ecosystems are large, and that guppies can easily establish populations and damage these aquatic ecosystems. We highlight several knowledge and implementation gaps, and urge that this approach is either abandoned in favour of more effective strategies or that it is used much more rigorously. Controlling mosquitoes does not need to come at the expense of freshwater biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana W El-Sabaawi
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700, Station CSC, Victoria, Canada BC V8 W 2Y2
| | - Therese C Frauendorf
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700, Station CSC, Victoria, Canada BC V8 W 2Y2
| | - Piata S Marques
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700, Station CSC, Victoria, Canada BC V8 W 2Y2
| | - Richard A Mackenzie
- Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Luisa R Manna
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Maracanã, 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosana Mazzoni
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Maracanã, 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dawn A T Phillip
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies
| | - Misha L Warbanski
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700, Station CSC, Victoria, Canada BC V8 W 2Y2
| | - Eugenia Zandonà
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Maracanã, 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Griffiths NA, Tank JL, Royer TV, Rosi EJ, Shogren AJ, Frauendorf TC, Whiles MR. Occurrence, leaching, and degradation of Cry1Ab protein from transgenic maize detritus in agricultural streams. Sci Total Environ 2017; 592:97-105. [PMID: 28314135 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The insecticidal Cry1Ab protein expressed by transgenic (Bt) maize can enter adjacent water bodies via multiple pathways, but its fate in stream ecosystems is not as well studied as in terrestrial systems. In this study, we used a combination of field sampling and laboratory experiments to examine the occurrence, leaching, and degradation of soluble Cry1Ab protein derived from Bt maize in agricultural streams. We surveyed 11 agricultural streams in northwestern Indiana, USA, on 6 dates that encompassed the growing season, crop harvest, and snowmelt/spring flooding, and detected Cry1Ab protein in the water column and in flowing subsurface tile drains at concentrations of 3-60ng/L. In a series of laboratory experiments, submerged Bt maize leaves leached Cry1Ab into stream water with 1% of the protein remaining in leaves after 70d. Laboratory experiments suggested that dissolved Cry1Ab protein degraded rapidly in microcosms containing water-column microorganisms, and light did not enhance breakdown by stimulating assimilatory uptake of the protein by autotrophs. The common detection of Cry1Ab protein in streams sampled across an agricultural landscape, combined with laboratory studies showing rapid leaching and degradation, suggests that Cry1Ab may be pseudo-persistent at the watershed scale due to the multiple input pathways from the surrounding terrestrial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Griffiths
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Tank
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Todd V Royer
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, 1315 East Tenth Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Emma J Rosi
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, 6525 N. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60626, USA
| | - Arial J Shogren
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Therese C Frauendorf
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Matt R Whiles
- Department of Zoology and Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-6501, USA
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Warbanski ML, Marques P, Frauendorf TC, Phillip DAT, El-Sabaawi RW. Implications of guppy ( Poecilia reticulata) life-history phenotype for mosquito control. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:3324-3334. [PMID: 28515869 PMCID: PMC5433973 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Guppies (Poecilia reticulata) are frequently introduced to both natural and artificial water bodies as a mosquito control. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that guppies can consume large numbers of larval mosquitoes. Our study investigates how intraspecific variability in guppy phenotype affects their importance as a mosquito biocontrol and how habitat conditions (natural ponds vs. water storage containers) may influence insect biomass and guppy feeding. Using a blocked experimental design, we established stream‐side mesocosm ponds with half receiving gravel substrate to simulate pond‐bottom habitat. To provide realistic diet choices and insect abundances, we allowed the mesocosms to colonize naturally with aquatic insect larvae for 1 month before introducing guppies. We tested two distinct guppy phenotypes (from high‐ and low‐predation streams) alongside fish‐free controls. After 1 month, we measured insect biomass in the mesocosms and examined guppy gut contents to document direct predation. While overall insect biomass was not significantly different across the three fish treatments, we observed a significant reduction in mosquito biomass in fish treatments compared to fish‐free controls, as well as intraspecific differences in feeding. Overall insect biomass was significantly higher in mesocosms without gravel, while habitat condition had no effect on mosquito biomass. As guppy phenotype responds to changes in their environments, it is an important consideration for biocontrol policy to anticipate potential ecosystem effects. We close by relating our findings to other studies and by discussing the implications and potential risks of using guppies to control mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piata Marques
- Biology Department University of Victoria Victoria BC Canada
| | | | - Dawn A T Phillip
- Department of Life Sciences The University of the West Indies St Augustine Trinidad and Tobago
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Barnum TR, Drake JM, Colón-Gaud C, Rugenski AT, Frauendorf TC, Connelly S, Kilham SS, Whiles MR, Lips KR, Pringle CM. Evidence for the persistence of food web structure after amphibian extirpation in a Neotropical stream. Ecology 2015; 96:2106-16. [DOI: 10.1890/14-1526.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Griffiths NA, Tank JL, Royer TV, Rosi-Marshall EJ, Whiles MR, Chambers CP, Frauendorf TC, Evans-White MA. Rapid decomposition of maize detritus in agricultural headwater streams. Ecol Appl 2009; 19:133-142. [PMID: 19323178 DOI: 10.1890/07-1876.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Headwater streams draining agricultural landscapes receive maize leaves (Zea mays L.) via wind and surface runoff, yet the contribution of maize detritus to organic-matter processing in agricultural streams is largely unknown. We quantified decomposition and microbial respiration rates on conventional (non-Bt) and genetically engineered (Bt) maize in three low-order agricultural streams in northwestern Indiana, USA. We also examined how substrate quality and in-stream nutrient concentrations influenced microbial respiration on maize by comparing respiration on maize and red maple leaves (Acer rubrum) in three nutrient-rich agricultural streams and three low-nutrient forested streams. We found significantly higher rates of microbial respiration on maize vs. red maple leaves and higher rates in agricultural vs. forested streams. Thus both the elevated nutrient status of agricultural streams and the lability of maize detritus (e.g., low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and low lignin content) result in a rapid incorporation of maize leaves into the aquatic microbial food web. We found that Bt maize had a faster decomposition rate than non-Bt maize, while microbial respiration rates did not differ between Bt and non-Bt maize. Decomposition rates were not negatively affected by genetic engineering, perhaps because the Bt toxin does not adversely affect the aquatic microbial assemblage involved in maize decomposition. Additionally, shredding caddisflies, which are known to have suppressed growth rates when fed Bt maize, were depauperate in these agricultural streams, and likely did not play a major role in maize decomposition. Overall, the conversion of native vegetation to row-crop agriculture appears to have altered the quantity, quality, and predictability of allochthonous carbon inputs to headwater streams, with unexplored effects on stream ecosystem structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Griffiths
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
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