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Santosh Kumar VV, Yadav SK, Verma RK, Shrivastava S, Ghimire O, Pushkar S, Rao MV, Senthil Kumar T, Chinnusamy V. The abscisic acid receptor OsPYL6 confers drought tolerance to indica rice through dehydration avoidance and tolerance mechanisms. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:1411-1431. [PMID: 33130892 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key regulator of plant development and stress tolerance. Here we report functional validation of the ABA receptor OsPYL6 by constitutive and stress-inducible overexpression and RNAi silencing, in an indica rice cultivar 'Pusa Sugandh 2'. Overexpression of OsPYL6 conferred ABA hypersensitivity during germination and promoted total root length. Overexpression and RNAi silencing of OsPYL6 resulted in enhanced accumulation of ABA in seedlings under non-stress conditions, at least, in part through up-regulation of different 9-cis epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED )genes. This suggests that PYL6 expression is crucial for ABA homeostasis. Analysis of drought tolerance of OsPYL6 transgenic and wild type plants showed that OsPYL6 overexpression enhanced the expression of stress-responsive genes and dehydration tolerance. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsPYL6 with AtRD29A (Arabidopsis thaliana Responsive to Dehydration 29A) promoter also exhibited about 25% less whole plant transpiration, compared with wild type plants under drought, confirming its role in activation of dehydration avoidance mechanisms. However, overexpression of PYL6 reduced grain yield under non-stress conditions due to reduction in height, biomass, panicle branching and spikelet fertility. RNAi silencing of OsPYL6 also reduced grain yield under drought. These results showed that rice OsPYL6 is a key regulator of plant development and drought tolerance, and fine-tuning of its expression is critical for improving yield and stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Santosh Kumar
- Division of Plant physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Department of Botany, Bharthidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shashank Kumar Yadav
- Division of Plant physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Verma
- Division of Plant physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Department of Botany, Bharthidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanya Shrivastava
- Division of Plant physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Omprakash Ghimire
- Division of Plant physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Suchitra Pushkar
- Division of Plant physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Verma RK, Kumar VVS, Yadav SK, Kumar TS, Rao MV, Chinnusamy V. Overexpression of Arabidopsis ICE1 enhances yield and multiple abiotic stress tolerance in indica rice. Plant Signal Behav 2020; 15:1814547. [PMID: 32924751 PMCID: PMC7664797 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1814547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
ICE1 (Inducer of CBF Expression 1), a MYC-type bHLH transcription factor, is a regulator of cold tolerance in Arabidopsis. Indica rice, which occupies the major rice cultivated area, is highly sensitive to cold stress. Hence in this study, Arabidopsis ICE1 (AtICE1) was overexpressed in indica rice to analyze its role in reproductive stage cold and other abiotic stress tolerance to indica rice. AtICE1 was overexpressed by using stress inducible AtRD29A promoter in mega rice cv. MTU1010. Under cold stress conditions, AtICE1 overexpression lines showed lower accumulation of MDA and H2O2, higher membrane stability, and thus higher seedling survival rate than the WT plants. Expression levels of OsDREB1A, OsMYB3R2, and OsTPP1 were significantly higher in transgenics as compared with WT under cold stress conditions. AtICE1 transgenic rice plants produced 44-60% higher grain yield as compared with WT plants under control conditions in three independent experiments. Of the three AtICE1 overexpression lines, two lines produced significantly higher grain yield as compared with WT plants after recovery from cold, salt and drought stresses. AtICE1 overexpression lines showed significantly higher stomatal density and conductance under non-stress conditions. qRT-PCR analysis showed that expression levels of stomatal pathway genes viz., OsSPCH1, OsSPCH2, OsSCR1, OsSCRM1, OsSCRM2 and OsMUTE were significantly higher in AtICE1 transgenics as compared with WT plants. The components of water use viz., stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, and instantaneous WUE were higher in transgenics as compared with WT plants. The results showed that AtICE1 confers multiple stress tolerance to indica rice, and the role of ICE1 in stress tolerance and stomatal development is conserved across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Verma
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Vinjamuri Venkata Santosh Kumar
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Shashank Kumar Yadav
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Thiruppathi Senthil Kumar
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Mandali Venkateswara Rao
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- CONTACT Viswanathan Chinnusamy Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi110012, India
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Dhanasekaran D, Latha S, Suganya P, Panneerselvam A, Senthil Kumar T, Alharbi NS, Arunachalam C, Alharbi SA, Thajuddin N. Taxonomic identification and bioactive compounds characterization of Psilocybe cubensis DPT1 to probe its antibacterial and mosquito larvicidal competency. Microb Pathog 2020; 143:104138. [PMID: 32173495 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mushrooms have an important role in sustainability since they have long been used as valuable food source and traditional medicine around the world. Regrettably, they are among the most rigorously affected populations, along with several plants and animals, due to the destructive activities of mankind. Thus the authentication and conservation of mushroom species are constantly needed to exploit the remarkable potential in them. In this perspective, an attempt has been made to identify and assess the biological attributes of psychedelic mushrooms collected from Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India. The macromorphological features of the psychedelic mushroom DPT1 helped its presumptive identification and the molecular characters depicted by DNA marker revealed its close relationship with the genus Psilocybe. Accordingly, the psychedelic mushroom was identified as Psilocybe cubensis DPT1 and its crude ethyl acetate extract on analysis revealed the occurrence of phytoconstituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and carbohydrates. Moreover, it exhibited 80% larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito at 800 ppm concentration and an array of antibacterial effects with utmost susceptibility of Proteus vulgaris, and the identification of bioactive compounds by different analytical techniques substantiate that the bioactivities might be due to the presence of phytochemicals. The results of the study indicated that the extract of P. cubensis DPT1 having notable antibacterial and mosquito larvicidal efficacies which could be probed further for the isolation of medicinally important as well as bio-control compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharumadhurai Dhanasekaran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Selvanathan Latha
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Petrochemical Technology, University College of Engineering, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology Campus, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Packkrisamy Suganya
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Annamalai Panneerselvam
- P.G. and Research Department of Botany and Microbiology, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi, 613 503, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Naiyf S Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chinnathambi Arunachalam
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nooruddin Thajuddin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Kumar TS, Josephine A, Sreelatha T, Azger Dusthackeer VN, Mahizhaveni B, Dharani G, Kirubagaran R, Raja Kumar S. Fatty acids-carotenoid complex: An effective anti-TB agent from the chlorella growth factor-extracted spent biomass of Chlorella vulgaris. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 249:112392. [PMID: 31739107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, still remains as one of the major threat to mankind, despite the availability of a live attenuated vaccine and effective antibiotics. Marine microalgae, at all times, act as a key resource for valuable therapeutic compounds with limited side effects. AIM OF THE STUDY The present explorative attempt is to isolate the biomolecules of pharmacological importance from the marine microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris, and to evaluate its effect on the ever dreadful disease, Tuberculosis. The study is also aimed to develop an economically feasible methodology for by-products extraction from microalgae. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fatty acids-carotenoid complexes (FACC), namely, FACC-1 (red oil) and FACC-2 (brown oil) were isolated, in addition to lipid and lutein from the Chlorella Growth Factor (CGF, a protein fraction enriched with vitamins, minerals and carbohydrates)-extracted spent biomass through column chromatography. RESULTS FACC-1 is a complex of fatty acids such as oleic and linoleic acids, and carotenoids such as canthaxanthin and neoxanthin. FACC-2 is a complex of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids and carotenoids (cryptoxanthin and echinenone). Initial screening for evaluation of minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of FACC-1 and -2 was performed against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains such as H37Rv, SHRE sensitive clinical isolate and SHRE resistant clinical isolate. MBC was noted at 10 μg/mL by FACC-1 and at 5 μg/mL by FACC-2, determined using colony forming and Lucipherase Reporter Mycobacteriophages (LRP) assay. Testing in the PAN sensitive isolates indicated that the MBC was noted at 5 μg/mL by FACC-1 and at 2.5 μg/mL by FACC-2. Complete inhibition (100%) was observed at 100 μg/mL by FACC-1 and at 50 μg/mL by FACC-2. Testing of FACC-1 and FACC-2 individually as well as in combination on two different types of MDR strains confirmed the efficacy of the algal oils, wherein in MDR-strain 1, FACC-1 revealed 50% inhibition at 10 μg/mL, while FACC-2 exhibited the same at 5 μg/mL. Conversely, in the case of MDR strain-2, MBC of FACC-1 was at 500 μg/mL and MBCof FACC-2 to be at 250 μg/mL. No significant synergistic effect was observed on combining both the oils. CONCLUSION The study signifies the development of a potent therapeutic agent comprising of a complex of anti-TB agent (fatty acids) and antioxidants (carotenoids) from the CGF-extracted spent biomass of C. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Kumar
- Marine Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Ocean Technology, (Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India), Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600100, India
| | - A Josephine
- Marine Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Ocean Technology, (Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India), Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600100, India
| | - T Sreelatha
- Marine Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Ocean Technology, (Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India), Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600100, India
| | | | - B Mahizhaveni
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chetpet, Chennai, 600031, India
| | - G Dharani
- Marine Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Ocean Technology, (Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India), Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600100, India.
| | - R Kirubagaran
- Marine Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Ocean Technology, (Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India), Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600100, India
| | - S Raja Kumar
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, 620024, India.
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Abstract
Helicteres isora L. (Malvaceae), a medicinally important tree species used in Ayurveda as well as by folklore practitioners, is studied for its phenology, associated problems with the environment and anthropogenic effects. In Helicteres isora, flower buds are initiated by the end of July and flowering occurs during the middle of August to late October. Fruits mature during late January to early April. In between various factors like blister beetles, unidentified worms, deficit rainfall, early summer affect the flowering and seed setting, which cause 35–45 % loss. Seed viability of mature seeds were recorded 88.2% at fresh collection and decreases over period of time. In vitro, among the various treatments, acid treated seeds (H2SO4, 98.0%; 1 min) resulted in the best germination response of 84.5%. Sterile wet cotton soaked with sterile distilled water was found suitable for germination compared to other substratum, while half-strength MS medium with 2.0% sucrose was suitable for seedling development.
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Parthibhan S, Rao MV, Senthil Kumar T. Culturable fungal endophytes in shoots of Dendrobium aqueum Lindley – An imperiled orchid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egg.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Prabha R, Mathew BS, Jeyaseelan V, Kumar TS, Agarwal I, Fleming DH. Development and validation of limited sampling strategy equation for mycophenolate mofetil in children with systemic lupus erythematosus. Indian J Nephrol 2016; 26:408-412. [PMID: 27942171 PMCID: PMC5131378 DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.174242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish a limited sample strategy (LSS) to predict the mycophenolic acid (MPA) area under the curve (AUC)(0-12) in children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Three months after initiation of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) 26 children with SLE presented for therapeutic drug monitoring of MPA. On the day of the test, 10 specimens were collected, analyzed, and MPA AUC(0-12) was calculated. Using step-wise regression analysis, LSS equations were developed. Using bootstrap validation, the predictive performance was calculated. The measured mean (standard deviation) for the trough concentration and AUC(0-12) were 2.55 (1.57) μg/ml and 62.6 (21.67) mg.h/L, respectively. The range of trough concentrations and AUC(0-12) were 0.7-5.54 μg/ml and 22.1-104.8 mg.h/L, respectively. The interindividual variability (%CV) for dose normalized AUC(0-12) and dose normalized Ctrough was 46.5% and 61.1%, respectively. The correlation between the concentrations at the different time points and MPA AUC(0-12) ranged from 0.05 (1.5 h) to 0.56 (4 h). Two LSS equations that included 4 or 5 time points up to 3 h were developed and validated. The 4 point LSS had a correlation (R2) of 0.88 and the 5 point LSS an R2 of 0.87. With respect to the 4 point and 5 point MPA LSS AUC(0-12), the bias was 1.92% and 1.96%, respectively, and the imprecision was 11.24% and 11.28%, respectively. A 4 point LSS which concludes within 3 h after the administration of the MMF dose was developed and validated, to determine the MPA AUC(0-12) in children with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Prabha
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B S Mathew
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Jeyaseelan
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T S Kumar
- Department of Child Health, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - I Agarwal
- Department of Child Health, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D H Fleming
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Parthibhan S, Rao MV, Senthil Kumar T. In vitro regeneration from protocorms in Dendrobium aqueum Lindley - An imperiled orchid. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2015; 13:227-233. [PMID: 30647588 PMCID: PMC6299805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An efficient in vitro plant regeneration protocol from protocorms of Dendrobium aqueum was developed. The uniformly developed protocorms (in vitro origin) having shoot initials were cultured on half macro strength MS medium (1/2 MS) supplemented with cytokinins (BA, 2iP, KIN and TDZ) at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 mg l-1, natural additives (BP and CW) at 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10% and auxins (IBA, NAA, 2,4-D) at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 mg l-1 to study their efficacy on complete plant development. A maximum of 9.4 shoots per explant were generated on 3 mg l-1 of NAA followed by 3% of BP (7.0 shoots). Shoot elongation (1.52 cm) was achieved on 1/2 MS medium fortified with NAA 7 mg l-1 followed by TDZ 7 mg l-1 (1.37 cm). Shoots cultured on 1/2 MS medium supplemented with IBA 5 mg l-1 produced an average of 8.75 roots per shoot, however the lengthiest roots (1.48 cm) were noted in NAA 7 mg l-1. Healthy rooted plantlets successfully acclimatized in ex vitro condition. The role of complete plantlet production by natural additives could be useful for conservation and cost effective commercial production of orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraju Parthibhan
- Department of Plant Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mandali Venkateswara Rao
- Department of Plant Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thiruppathi Senthil Kumar
- Department of Industry University Collaboration, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
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Baliarsingh SK, Srichandan S, Naik S, Sahu KC, Lotliker AA, Kumar TS. Distribution of hydro-biological parameters in coastal waters off Rushikulya Estuary, East Coast of India: a premonsoon case study. Pak J Biol Sci 2013; 16:779-787. [PMID: 24498830 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2013.779.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The hydro-biological parameters of coastal waters off Rushikulya estuary was investigated during premonsoon 2011. Important hydro-biological parameters such as water temperature, salinity, pH, DO, NO2, NO3, NH4, PO4, SiO4, TSM, Chl-a, phytoplankton and zooplankton were measured during the present study. Temperature established a strong positive correlation with salinity and pH during the present study. Chl-a found in positive relation with NO3, SiO, and TSM. Analysis of variance revealed significant monthly variation in pH, salinity and TSM. Significant station wise variation was observed in DO and most of the nutrients i.e., NO3, NH4, PO4, SiO4. A total of 119 species of phytoplankton were identified of which 84 species are of diatoms, 22 species of dinoflagellates, 7 species of green algae, 5 species of cyanobacteria (blue green algae) and 1 species of cocolithophore. Phytoplankton abundance varied between 25543 (Nos. L(-1)) and 36309 (Nos. L(-1)). Diatoms dominated the phytoplankton community followed by dinoflagellates in all the months. Diatoms contributed to 82-89% of the total phytoplankton population density whereas dinoflagellates contributed to 6-12%. The regression between Chl-a and phytoplankton abundance resulted with weak relation (R(2) = 0.042). Zooplankton fauna composed of 134 species of holoplankton and 20 types of meroplankton were encountered during the study period. Zooplankton population dominated by copepod during all months and accounted for 74 to 85% to the total zooplankton. The population density ranged from 6959 to 35869 Nos./10 m(3). Analysis of variance explained no significant variation in total zooplankton abundance and also for different groups of zooplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Baliarsingh
- Department of Marine Sciences, Berhampur University, Odisha-760007, India
| | - S Srichandan
- Department of Marine Sciences, Berhampur University, Odisha-760007, India
| | - S Naik
- Department of Marine Sciences, Berhampur University, Odisha-760007, India
| | - K C Sahu
- Department of Marine Sciences, Berhampur University, Odisha-760007, India
| | - Aneesh A Lotliker
- Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, Hyderabad-500055, India
| | - T S Kumar
- Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, Hyderabad-500055, India
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Dharani G, Maitrayee GA, Karthikayalu S, Kumar TS, Anbarasu M, Vijayakumaran M. Identification of Panulirus homarus puerulus larvae by restriction fragment length polymorphism of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene. Pak J Biol Sci 2009; 12:281-5. [PMID: 19579959 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2009.281.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Molecular identification of puerulus larvae of Panulirus homarus of the genus Panulirus from Indian coast was studied by employing Polymerase Chain Reaction, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Cytochrome Oxidase Gene (COI) by agarose gel electrophoresis and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE). The size of amplified fragment of COI gene was estimated to be approximately 1300 base pairs (bp). Single fragment amplification was recorded during different stages of the life cycle. The RFLP digestion was carried out using five different restriction enzymes (BsplI, HhaI, RsaI, TaqI and AluI). The RFLP profile of the different endonucleases, varied between 1-5 restriction types. RFLP analysis using endonuclease TaqI enabled identification of P. homarus during different stages of its life history.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dharani
- Ocean Science and Technology for Islands, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Pallikarani, Chennai-600 100, India
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Kumar TS, Moses PD. Isolated tongue involvement--an unusual presentation of Wilson's disease. J Postgrad Med 2005; 51:337. [PMID: 16388188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
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Kumar TS, Scott JX, Raghupathy P, Moses PD. Mucolipidosis II (I - cell disease). J Postgrad Med 2005; 51:232-3. [PMID: 16333203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T S Kumar
- Department of Child Health, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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Kumar TS, Abraham P, Raghuraman S, Cherian T. Immunogenicity of indigenous recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in infants following a 0, 1, 2-month vaccination schedule. Indian Pediatr 2000; 37:75-80. [PMID: 10745392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T S Kumar
- Department of Child Health, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore 632 004, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract
A simple method of converting the calcium carbonate skeleton of the corals available in the Indian coast into hydroxyapatite granules has been developed. By heating the coral to 900 degrees C, the organic materials were eliminated. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to characterize the coral and to optimize the processing parameters as well as to confirm the hydroxyapatite formation. The coral used exhibits the presence of both aragonite and calcite phases (dimorphism). At a temperature of 900 degrees C the coral was found to decompose all the carbonate phases. The pre-heated coral is converted into hydroxyapatite by a chemical exchange reaction with di-ammonium phosphate under hydrothermal conditions. The hydroxyapatite obtained was in powder form and does not contain any impurities. The in vitro solubility test of the apatite granules performed in Gomoris, Michalelis, Sorensens, Ringer's and phosphate buffer of pH 7.2 and de-ionized water indicated the stability of the coralline hydroxyapatite.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sivakumar
- Biomaterials Division, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Madras, India
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Panda A, Vajpayee RB, Kumar TS. Critical evaluation of therapeutic keratoplasty in cases of keratomycosis. Ann Ophthalmol 1991; 23:373-6. [PMID: 1755612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic keratoplasty was done in 123 neglected cases of fungal ulcers that did not respond to maximal medical therapy. It is recommended that, if the surgery is contemplated, it should be done before the ulcer perforates. A 0.5mm larger donor graft than recipient bed is better than a similar-sized graft. Various complications and final results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Panda
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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Panda A, Kumar TS. Keratoplasty and cataract extraction. Indian J Ophthalmol 1991; 39:102-4. [PMID: 1841879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty eyes were evaluated following penetrating keratoplasty and cataract extraction. Twenty five of them had intracapsular lens extraction while the remaining 25 had intercapsular method of extracapsular lens extraction. Both operative and post operative complications were more in group I. Visual outcome and graft clarity were also better in eyes of group II. Combined keratoplasty and intercapsular method of extracapsular lens extraction was recommended in eyes having both corneal and lenticular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Panda
- Cornea Service, Dr. R.P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, A.I.I.M.S., New Delhi
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Mohan M, Panda A, Kumar TS. Results of penetrating keratoplasty in vascularized corneas. Ann Ophthalmol 1990; 22:235-8. [PMID: 1695074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A retrospective longitudinal study of 105 penetrating keratoplasties for vascularized corneal opacities was done. The results of cases with an etiology of healed trachoma or healed corneal ulcers were compared. The vascularization was graded from Grade I to V depending on the quadrant and type of vascularization. Graft clarity of 2+ or more in cases of trachomatous opacity was achieved in 93% of cases and that after postinfectious opacity in 71.8%. Prognosis was poor in cases where deep vascularization was present in more than two quadrants or more than 180 degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mohan
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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Dimri GP, Kumar TS, Pillai PB, Arora BS, Singh H, Sridharan K, Sen Gupta J, Nayar HS. Physical work capacity of indian adolescent boys in Sainik and military schools. Indian J Med Res 1981; 74:610-6. [PMID: 7338389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Dimri GP, Malhotra MS, Sen Gupta J, Kumar TS, Arora BS. Alterations in aerobic-anaerobic proportions of metabolism during work in heat. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1980; 45:43-50. [PMID: 7191803 DOI: 10.1007/bf00421200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
With a view to investigating the aerobic and anaerobic proportions of oxygen supply during different grades of muscular activity in varying thermal stress, studies have been conducted on six young healthy Indians naturally acclimatized to heat. The subjects were given submaximal exercises of 400, 500, and 600 kgm/min (equivalent to 65.40, 81.75, and 98.10 W) for 6 min on a bicycle ergometer in three different simulated conditions, i.e., comfortable, hot humid, and very hot humid. Their O2 consumption (VO2), pulmonary ventilation (VE) and heart rate (HR) were measured during rest and throughout the exercise period (6 min) and for 30 min post exercise. Blood lactate level (LA) was measured during rest and recovery. From these, the total O2 cost with aerobic and anaerobic proportions were calculated. Results indicated a significant increase in the total O2 cost for each exercise with increasing thermal stress, along with a significant increase in the anaerobic fraction and a decrease in the aerobic fraction. The increase in anaerobic contribution to the energy supply processes was further confirmed by a significant increase in relative O2 debt (l/kg) and in blood lactate level at each work load. Thus, a highly significant correlation (P < 0.001) was found between O2 debt contracted and increase in thermal stress. A significant fall in VO2 max was also observed in hot humid and very hot humid conditions as against comfortable temperature, with no change in HR max and VE max.
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Gupta JS, Srinivasulu N, Kumar TS, Malhotra MS. Influence of age on maximum oxygen uptake and maximum heart rate of Indians during work. Indian J Med Res 1974; 62:1228-32. [PMID: 4442984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Joseph NT, Srinivasulu N, Kumar TS, Gupta JS. Indirect estimation of aerobic capacity in Indians. Indian J Med Res 1973; 61:252-9. [PMID: 4759001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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