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Fu Y, Estoppey D, Roggo S, Pistorius D, Fuchs F, Studer C, Ibrahim AS, Aust T, Grandjean F, Mihalic M, Memmert K, Prindle V, Richard E, Riedl R, Schuierer S, Weber E, Hunziker J, Petersen F, Tao J, Hoepfner D. Jawsamycin exhibits in vivo antifungal properties by inhibiting Spt14/Gpi3-mediated biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3387. [PMID: 32636417 PMCID: PMC7341893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) is required for anchoring proteins to the plasma membrane, and is essential for the integrity of the fungal cell wall. Here, we use a reporter gene-based screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the discovery of antifungal inhibitors of GPI-anchoring of proteins, and identify the oligocyclopropyl-containing natural product jawsamycin (FR-900848) as a potent hit. The compound targets the catalytic subunit Spt14 (also referred to as Gpi3) of the fungal UDP-glycosyltransferase, the first step in GPI biosynthesis, with good selectivity over the human functional homolog PIG-A. Jawsamycin displays antifungal activity in vitro against several pathogenic fungi including Mucorales, and in vivo in a mouse model of invasive pulmonary mucormycosis due to Rhyzopus delemar infection. Our results provide a starting point for the development of Spt14 inhibitors for treatment of invasive fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - David Estoppey
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Roggo
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Pistorius
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Fuchs
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Studer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ashraf S Ibrahim
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations at Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Thomas Aust
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Grandjean
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Mihalic
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Memmert
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vivian Prindle
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Etienne Richard
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Riedl
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sven Schuierer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eric Weber
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Hunziker
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frank Petersen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jianshi Tao
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Dominic Hoepfner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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2
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Rusch M, Thevenon A, Hoepfner D, Aust T, Studer C, Patoor M, Rollin P, Livendahl M, Ranieri B, Schmitt E, Spanka C, Gademann K, Bouchez LC. Design and Synthesis of Metabolically Stable tRNA Synthetase Inhibitors Derived from Cladosporin. Chembiochem 2019; 20:644-649. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Rusch
- NIBR–Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research Fabrikstrasse 22-1.051.17 4054 Basel Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Thevenon
- NIBR–Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research Fabrikstrasse 22-1.051.17 4054 Basel Switzerland
- Department of ChemistryImperial College London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Dominic Hoepfner
- NIBR–Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research Fabrikstrasse 22-1.051.17 4054 Basel Switzerland
| | - Thomas Aust
- NIBR–Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research Fabrikstrasse 22-1.051.17 4054 Basel Switzerland
| | - Christian Studer
- NIBR–Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research Fabrikstrasse 22-1.051.17 4054 Basel Switzerland
| | - Maude Patoor
- NIBR–Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research Fabrikstrasse 22-1.051.17 4054 Basel Switzerland
| | - Patrick Rollin
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA)UMR7311Université d'Orléans 45100 Orléans France
| | - Madeleine Livendahl
- NIBR–Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research Fabrikstrasse 22-1.051.17 4054 Basel Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Ranieri
- NIBR–Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research Fabrikstrasse 22-1.051.17 4054 Basel Switzerland
| | - Esther Schmitt
- NIBR–Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research Fabrikstrasse 22-1.051.17 4054 Basel Switzerland
| | - Carsten Spanka
- NIBR–Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research Fabrikstrasse 22-1.051.17 4054 Basel Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- University of ZürichDepartment of Chemistry Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Laure C. Bouchez
- NIBR–Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research Fabrikstrasse 22-1.051.17 4054 Basel Switzerland
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3
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Minas V, Gul N, Aust T, Rowlands D. Reducing the Rate of Abdominal Hysterectomies: Experience From a UK University Teaching Hospital. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2017; 25:555-557. [PMID: 29154931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Minas
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Countess of Chester Hospital, Chester, United Kingdom.
| | - Nahid Gul
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Wirral University Hospital, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Aust
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Wirral University Hospital, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - David Rowlands
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Wirral University Hospital, Wirral, United Kingdom
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4
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Estoppey D, Lee CM, Janoschke M, Lee BH, Wan KF, Dong H, Mathys P, Filipuzzi I, Schuhmann T, Riedl R, Aust T, Galuba O, McAllister G, Russ C, Spiess M, Bouwmeester T, Bonamy GM, Hoepfner D. The Natural Product Cavinafungin Selectively Interferes with Zika and Dengue Virus Replication by Inhibition of the Host Signal Peptidase. Cell Rep 2017; 19:451-460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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5
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Helliwell SB, Karkare S, Bergdoll M, Rahier A, Leighton-Davis JR, Fioretto C, Aust T, Filipuzzi I, Frederiksen M, Gounarides J, Hoepfner D, Hofmann A, Imbert PE, Jeker R, Knochenmuss R, Krastel P, Margerit A, Memmert K, Miault CV, Rao Movva N, Muller A, Naegeli HU, Oberer L, Prindle V, Riedl R, Schuierer S, Sexton JA, Tao J, Wagner T, Yin H, Zhang J, Roggo S, Reinker S, Parker CN. FR171456 is a specific inhibitor of mammalian NSDHL and yeast Erg26p. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8613. [PMID: 26456460 PMCID: PMC4633953 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
FR171456 is a natural product with cholesterol-lowering properties in animal models, but its molecular target is unknown, which hinders further drug development. Here we show that FR171456 specifically targets the sterol-4-alpha-carboxylate-3-dehydrogenase (Saccharomyces cerevisiae—Erg26p, Homo sapiens—NSDHL (NAD(P) dependent steroid dehydrogenase-like)), an essential enzyme in the ergosterol/cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. FR171456 significantly alters the levels of cholesterol pathway intermediates in human and yeast cells. Genome-wide yeast haploinsufficiency profiling experiments highlight the erg26/ERG26 strain, and multiple mutations in ERG26 confer resistance to FR171456 in growth and enzyme assays. Some of these ERG26 mutations likely alter Erg26 binding to FR171456, based on a model of Erg26. Finally, we show that FR171456 inhibits an artificial Hepatitis C viral replicon, and has broad antifungal activity, suggesting potential additional utility as an anti-infective. The discovery of the target and binding site of FR171456 within the target will aid further development of this compound. FR171456 is a bioactive chemical produced by some microorganisms. Here, the authors identify the enzyme NSDHL of the sterol synthesis pathway as the molecular target of FR171456, rendering it the first compound to specifically target this class of enzyme in yeast and mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B Helliwell
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Shantanu Karkare
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Marc Bergdoll
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Strasbourg cedex 67083, France
| | - Alain Rahier
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Strasbourg cedex 67083, France
| | | | - Celine Fioretto
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Aust
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Ireos Filipuzzi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Frederiksen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - John Gounarides
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Dominic Hoepfner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Eloi Imbert
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Jeker
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Richard Knochenmuss
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Krastel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Anais Margerit
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Memmert
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte V Miault
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - N Rao Movva
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Alban Muller
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Ulrich Naegeli
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Oberer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | | | - Ralph Riedl
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Sven Schuierer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Jessica A Sexton
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | | | - Trixie Wagner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Hong Yin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Juan Zhang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Roggo
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Reinker
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Christian N Parker
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
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6
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Pries V, Cotesta S, Riedl R, Aust T, Schuierer S, Tao J, Filipuzzi I, Hoepfner D. Advantages and Challenges of Phenotypic Screens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 21:306-15. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057115610488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic screens are effective starting points to identify compounds with desirable activities. To find novel antifungals, we conducted a phenotypic screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and identified two discrete scaffolds with good growth inhibitory characteristics. Lack of broad-spectrum activity against pathogenic fungi called for directed chemical compound optimization requiring knowledge of the molecular target. Chemogenomic profiling identified effects on geranylgeranyltransferase I (GGTase I), an essential enzyme that prenylates proteins involved in cell signaling, such as Cdc42p and Rho1p. Selection of resistant mutants against both compounds confirmed the target hypothesis and enabled mapping of the compound binding site to the substrate binding pocket. Differential resistance-conferring mutations and selective substrate competition demonstrate distinct binding modes for the two chemotypes. Exchange of the S. cerevisiae GGTase I subunits with those of Candida albicans resulted in an absence of growth inhibition for both compounds, thus confirming the identified target as well as the narrow antifungal spectrum of activity. This prenylation pathway is reported to be nonessential in pathogenic species and challenges the therapeutic value of these leads while demonstrating the importance of an integrated target identification platform following a phenotypic screen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Pries
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simona Cotesta
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Riedl
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Aust
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sven Schuierer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jianshi Tao
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ireos Filipuzzi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Krastel P, Roggo S, Schirle M, Ross NT, Perruccio F, Aspesi P, Aust T, Buntin K, Estoppey D, Liechty B, Mapa F, Memmert K, Miller H, Pan X, Riedl R, Thibaut C, Thomas J, Wagner T, Weber E, Xie X, Schmitt EK, Hoepfner D. Nannocystin A: an Elongation Factor 1 Inhibitor from Myxobacteria with Differential Anti-Cancer Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:10149-54. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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8
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Krastel P, Roggo S, Schirle M, Ross NT, Perruccio F, Aspesi P, Aust T, Buntin K, Estoppey D, Liechty B, Mapa F, Memmert K, Miller H, Pan X, Riedl R, Thibaut C, Thomas J, Wagner T, Weber E, Xie X, Schmitt EK, Hoepfner D. Nannocystin A: an Elongation Factor 1 Inhibitor from Myxobacteria with Differential Anti-Cancer Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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9
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Junne T, Wong J, Studer C, Aust T, Bauer BW, Beibel M, Bhullar B, Bruccoleri R, Eichenberger J, Estoppey D, Hartmann N, Knapp B, Krastel P, Melin N, Oakeley EJ, Oberer L, Riedl R, Roma G, Schuierer S, Petersen F, Tallarico JA, Rapoport TA, Spiess M, Hoepfner D. Decatransin, a new natural product inhibiting protein translocation at the Sec61/SecYEG translocon. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:1217-29. [PMID: 25616894 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.165746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A new cyclic decadepsipeptide was isolated from Chaetosphaeria tulasneorum with potent bioactivity on mammalian and yeast cells. Chemogenomic profiling in S. cerevisiae indicated that the Sec61 translocon complex, the machinery for protein translocation and membrane insertion at the endoplasmic reticulum, is the target. The profiles were similar to those of cyclic heptadepsipeptides of a distinct chemotype (including HUN-7293 and cotransin) that had previously been shown to inhibit cotranslational translocation at the mammalian Sec61 translocon. Unbiased, genome-wide mutagenesis followed by full-genome sequencing in both fungal and mammalian cells identified dominant mutations in Sec61p (yeast) or Sec61α1 (mammals) that conferred resistance. Most, but not all, of these mutations affected inhibition by both chemotypes, despite an absence of structural similarity. Biochemical analysis confirmed inhibition of protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum of both co- and post-translationally translocated substrates by both chemotypes, demonstrating a mechanism independent of a translating ribosome. Most interestingly, both chemotypes were found to also inhibit SecYEG, the bacterial Sec61 translocon homolog. We suggest 'decatransin' as the name for this new decadepsipeptide translocation inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Junne
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joanne Wong
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Studer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Aust
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benedikt W Bauer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Martin Beibel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bhupinder Bhullar
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jürg Eichenberger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Estoppey
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Hartmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Britta Knapp
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Krastel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Melin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edward J Oakeley
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Oberer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Riedl
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guglielmo Roma
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sven Schuierer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frank Petersen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - John A Tallarico
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tom A Rapoport
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Martin Spiess
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Hoepfner
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Hoepfner D, Helliwell SB, Sadlish H, Schuierer S, Filipuzzi I, Brachat S, Bhullar B, Plikat U, Abraham Y, Altorfer M, Aust T, Baeriswyl L, Cerino R, Chang L, Estoppey D, Eichenberger J, Frederiksen M, Hartmann N, Hohendahl A, Knapp B, Krastel P, Melin N, Nigsch F, Oakeley EJ, Petitjean V, Petersen F, Riedl R, Schmitt EK, Staedtler F, Studer C, Tallarico JA, Wetzel S, Fishman MC, Porter JA, Movva NR. High-resolution chemical dissection of a model eukaryote reveals targets, pathways and gene functions. Microbiol Res 2014; 169:107-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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11
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Minas V, Gul N, Aust T, Doyle M, Rowlands D. Urinary tract injuries in laparoscopic gynaecological surgery; prevention, recognition and management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/tog.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Minas
- ST7 Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Minimal Access Centre; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology; Wirral University Teaching Hospital; Arrowe Park Road Wirral Merseyside CH49 5PE UK
| | - Nahid Gul
- Minimal Access Centre; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology; Wirral University Teaching Hospital; Arrowe Park Road Wirral Merseyside CH49 5PE UK
| | - Thomas Aust
- Minimal Access Centre; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology; Wirral University Teaching Hospital; Arrowe Park Road Wirral Merseyside CH49 5PE UK
| | - Mark Doyle
- Minimal Access Centre; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology; Wirral University Teaching Hospital; Arrowe Park Road Wirral Merseyside CH49 5PE UK
| | - David Rowlands
- Minimal Access Centre; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology; Wirral University Teaching Hospital; Arrowe Park Road Wirral Merseyside CH49 5PE UK
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12
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Minas V, Aust T. Idiopathic brachial plexus neuritis after laparoscopic treatment of endometriosis: a complication that may mimic position-related brachial plexus injury. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2013; 20:891-3. [PMID: 24183278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 37-year-old woman who developed idiopathic brachial plexus neuritis, also referred to as Parsonage-Turner syndrome, after laparoscopic excision of endometriosis. The differential diagnosis between this non-position-related neuritis and brachial plexus injury is discussed. The aim of this report was to raise awareness on this distressing postoperative complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Minas
- Endometriosis Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wirral University Teaching Hospital, Upton, United Kingdom (both authors).
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Sadlish H, Galicia-Vazquez G, Paris CG, Aust T, Bhullar B, Chang L, Helliwell SB, Hoepfner D, Knapp B, Riedl R, Roggo S, Schuierer S, Studer C, Porco JA, Pelletier J, Movva NR. Evidence for a functionally relevant rocaglamide binding site on the eIF4A-RNA complex. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:1519-27. [PMID: 23614532 DOI: 10.1021/cb400158t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Translation initiation is an emerging target in oncology and neurobiology indications. Naturally derived and synthetic rocaglamide scaffolds have been used to interrogate this pathway; however, there is uncertainty regarding their precise mechanism(s) of action. We exploited the genetic tractability of yeast to define the primary effect of both a natural and a synthetic rocaglamide in a cellular context and characterized the molecular target using biochemical studies and in silico modeling. Chemogenomic profiling and mutagenesis in yeast identified the eIF (eukaryotic Initiation Factor) 4A helicase homologue as the primary molecular target of rocaglamides and defined a discrete set of residues near the RNA binding motif that confer resistance to both compounds. Three of the eIF4A mutations were characterized regarding their functional consequences on activity and response to rocaglamide inhibition. These data support a model whereby rocaglamides stabilize an eIF4A-RNA interaction to either alter the level and/or impair the activity of the eIF4F complex. Furthermore, in silico modeling supports the annotation of a binding pocket delineated by the RNA substrate and the residues identified from our mutagenesis screen. As expected from the high degree of conservation of the eukaryotic translation pathway, these observations are consistent with previous observations in mammalian model systems. Importantly, we demonstrate that the chemically distinct silvestrol and synthetic rocaglamides share a common mechanism of action, which will be critical for optimization of physiologically stable derivatives. Finally, these data confirm the value of the rocaglamide scaffold for exploring the impact of translational modulation on disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Sadlish
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel,
Switzerland
| | | | - C. Gregory Paris
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts
Avenue Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thomas Aust
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel,
Switzerland
| | - Bhupinder Bhullar
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel,
Switzerland
| | - Lena Chang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel,
Switzerland
| | - Stephen B. Helliwell
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel,
Switzerland
| | - Dominic Hoepfner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel,
Switzerland
| | - Britta Knapp
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel,
Switzerland
| | - Ralph Riedl
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel,
Switzerland
| | - Silvio Roggo
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel,
Switzerland
| | - Sven Schuierer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel,
Switzerland
| | - Christian Studer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel,
Switzerland
| | - John A. Porco
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemical
Methodology and Library Development, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - N. Rao Movva
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, CH-4056 Basel,
Switzerland
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Hoepfner D, McNamara CW, Lim CS, Studer C, Riedl R, Aust T, McCormack SL, Plouffe DM, Meister S, Schuierer S, Plikat U, Hartmann N, Staedtler F, Cotesta S, Schmitt EK, Petersen F, Supek F, Glynne RJ, Tallarico JA, Porter JA, Fishman MC, Bodenreider C, Diagana TT, Movva NR, Winzeler EA. Selective and specific inhibition of the plasmodium falciparum lysyl-tRNA synthetase by the fungal secondary metabolite cladosporin. Cell Host Microbe 2012; 11:654-63. [PMID: 22704625 PMCID: PMC3391680 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2012.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
With renewed calls for malaria eradication, next-generation antimalarials need be active against drug-resistant parasites and efficacious against both liver- and blood-stage infections. We screened a natural product library to identify inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum blood- and liver-stage proliferation. Cladosporin, a fungal secondary metabolite whose target and mechanism of action are not known for any species, was identified as having potent, nanomolar, antiparasitic activity against both blood and liver stages. Using postgenomic methods, including a yeast deletion strains collection, we show that cladosporin specifically inhibits protein synthesis by directly targeting P. falciparum cytosolic lysyl-tRNA synthetase. Further, cladosporin is >100-fold more potent against parasite lysyl-tRNA synthetase relative to the human enzyme, which is conferred by the identity of two amino acids within the enzyme active site. Our data indicate that lysyl-tRNA synthetase is an attractive, druggable, antimalarial target that can be selectively inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Hoepfner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland.
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15
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Nyfeler B, Hoepfner D, Palestrant D, Kirby CA, Whitehead L, Yu R, Deng G, Caughlan RE, Woods AL, Jones AK, Barnes SW, Walker JR, Gaulis S, Hauy E, Brachmann SM, Krastel P, Studer C, Riedl R, Estoppey D, Aust T, Movva NR, Wang Z, Salcius M, Michaud GA, McAllister G, Murphy LO, Tallarico JA, Wilson CJ, Dean CR. Identification of elongation factor G as the conserved cellular target of argyrin B. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42657. [PMID: 22970117 PMCID: PMC3438169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Argyrins, produced by myxobacteria and actinomycetes, are cyclic octapeptides with antibacterial and antitumor activity. Here, we identify elongation factor G (EF-G) as the cellular target of argyrin B in bacteria, via resistant mutant selection and whole genome sequencing, biophysical binding studies and crystallography. Argyrin B binds a novel allosteric pocket in EF-G, distinct from the known EF-G inhibitor antibiotic fusidic acid, revealing a new mode of protein synthesis inhibition. In eukaryotic cells, argyrin B was found to target mitochondrial elongation factor G1 (EF-G1), the closest homologue of bacterial EF-G. By blocking mitochondrial translation, argyrin B depletes electron transport components and inhibits the growth of yeast and tumor cells. Further supporting direct inhibition of EF-G1, expression of an argyrin B-binding deficient EF-G1 L693Q variant partially rescued argyrin B-sensitivity in tumor cells. In summary, we show that argyrin B is an antibacterial and cytotoxic agent that inhibits the evolutionarily conserved target EF-G, blocking protein synthesis in bacteria and mitochondrial translation in yeast and mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat Nyfeler
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachussetts, United States of America
| | - Dominic Hoepfner
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Palestrant
- Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachussetts, United States of America
| | - Christina A. Kirby
- Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachussetts, United States of America
| | - Lewis Whitehead
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachussetts, United States of America
| | - Robert Yu
- Infectious Diseases, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | - Gejing Deng
- Infectious Diseases, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | - Ruth E. Caughlan
- Infectious Diseases, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | - Angela L. Woods
- Infectious Diseases, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | - Adriana K. Jones
- Infectious Diseases, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | - S. Whitney Barnes
- Novartis Institute for Functional Genomics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - John R. Walker
- Novartis Institute for Functional Genomics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Swann Gaulis
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ervan Hauy
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Saskia M. Brachmann
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Krastel
- Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Natural Products Unit, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Studer
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Riedl
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Estoppey
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Aust
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - N. Rao Movva
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zuncai Wang
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachussetts, United States of America
| | - Michael Salcius
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachussetts, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Michaud
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachussetts, United States of America
| | - Gregory McAllister
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachussetts, United States of America
| | - Leon O. Murphy
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachussetts, United States of America
| | - John A. Tallarico
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachussetts, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Wilson
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachussetts, United States of America
| | - Charles R. Dean
- Infectious Diseases, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Aust T, Reyftmann L, Rosen D, Cario G, Chou D. Anterior Approach to Laparoscopic Uterine Artery Ligation. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2011; 18:792-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Aust T, Gale P, Cario G, Robertson G. Bowel resection for iatrogenic parasitic fibroids with preoperative investigations suggestive of malignancy. Fertil Steril 2011; 96:e1-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Aust T, O'Neill A, Cario G. Purse-string suture technique to enable laparoscopic management of the interstitial gestation of a heterotopic pregnancy. Fertil Steril 2011; 95:261-3. [PMID: 20663497 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 06/06/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the laparoscopic management of an interstitial gestation of a heterotopic pregnancy. DESIGN Case report and technique description. SETTING Tertiary-level private practice. PATIENT(S) Woman with a 6-week gestation spontaneous heterotopic twin pregnancy: one twin intrauterine, one interstitial. INTERVENTION(S) A purse-string suture was applied to the proximal portion of the interstitial heterotopic pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) To enable a cornual resection to be performed with minimal bleeding and without recourse to laparotomy. RESULT(S) At 8 weeks gestation an ultrasound scan confirmed a viable singleton intrauterine pregnancy, but a scan at 12 weeks showed a missed miscarriage. CONCLUSION(S) The embedding of the suture into the uterine serosa prevents slipping of the ligature that could occur with a pretied loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Aust
- Sydney Women's Endosurgery Centre, St. George Private Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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20
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Aust T, Herod J, Macdonald R, Gazvani R. Infertility after fertility-preserving surgery for cervical carcinoma: the next challenge for reproductive medicine? HUM FERTIL 2009; 10:21-4. [PMID: 17454205 DOI: 10.1080/14647270600905342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Radical trachelectomy is an operation developed as an alternative to radical hysterectomy for patients with small-volume, early stage cervical cancer, who wish to retain their fertility. The body of the uterus is left in place, so that future pregnancies can occur. Patients who have undergone radical trachelectomy may face problems conceiving naturally and may request assisted conception. This article explains the operation and the difficulties that those working in reproductive medicine may face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Aust
- Hewitt Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Liverpool Women's Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
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Abstract
The safety of the endoscopic technique for carpal tunnel release remains a major concern. Serious complications such as division nerves, tendons or vessels may occur. In this study the topography of the carpal tunnel was studied in fresh cadaver hands after the introduction of the blade assembly of a one portal system. By using a plastination method, it was possible to study the in situ relationships in detail by serial cross sections. Furthermore a modified Spalteholz method allowed the position of the blade to be viewed in whole specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Koebke
- Clinic for Traumatology, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gummersbach, Germany.
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22
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Séron K, Tieaho V, Prescianotto-Baschong C, Aust T, Blondel MO, Guillaud P, Devilliers G, Rossanese OW, Glick BS, Riezman H, Keränen S, Haguenauer-Tsapis R. A yeast t-SNARE involved in endocytosis. Mol Biol Cell 1998; 9:2873-89. [PMID: 9763449 PMCID: PMC25562 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.9.10.2873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ORF YOL018c (TLG2) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a protein that belongs to the syntaxin protein family. The proteins of this family, t-SNAREs, are present on target organelles and are thought to participate in the specific interaction between vesicles and acceptor membranes in intracellular membrane trafficking. TLG2 is not an essential gene, and its deletion does not cause defects in the secretory pathway. However, its deletion in cells lacking the vacuolar ATPase subunit Vma2p leads to loss of viability, suggesting that Tlg2p is involved in endocytosis. In tlg2Delta cells, internalization was normal for two endocytic markers, the pheromone alpha-factor and the plasma membrane uracil permease. In contrast, degradation of alpha-factor and uracil permease was delayed in tlg2Delta cells. Internalization of positively charged Nanogold shows that the endocytic pathway is perturbed in the mutant, which accumulates Nanogold in primary endocytic vesicles and shows a greatly reduced complement of early endosomes. These results strongly suggest that Tlg2p is a t-SNARE involved in early endosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Séron
- Institut Jacques Monod, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UMRC7592, Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, Paris Cedex 05, France
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23
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Wesp A, Hicke L, Palecek J, Lombardi R, Aust T, Munn AL, Riezman H. End4p/Sla2p interacts with actin-associated proteins for endocytosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 1997; 8:2291-306. [PMID: 9362070 PMCID: PMC25709 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.8.11.2291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
end4-1 was isolated as a temperature-sensitive endocytosis mutant. We cloned and sequenced END4 and found that it is identical to SLA2/MOP2. This gene is required for growth at high temperature, viability in the absence of Abp1p, polarization of the cortical actin cytoskeleton, and endocytosis. We used a mutational analysis of END4 to correlate in vivo functions with regions of End4p and we found that two regions of End4p participate in endocytosis but that the talin-like domain of End4p is dispensable. The N-terminal domain of End4p is required for growth at high temperature, endocytosis, and actin organization. A central coiled-coil domain of End4p is necessary for formation of a soluble sedimentable complex. Furthermore, this domain has an endocytic function that is redundant with the function(s) of ABP1 and SRV2. The endocytic function of Abp1p depends on its SH3 domain. In addition we have isolated a recessive negative allele of SRV2 that is defective for endocytosis. Combined biochemical, functional, and genetic analysis lead us to propose that End4p may mediate endocytosis through interaction with other actin-associated proteins, perhaps Rvs167p, a protein essential for endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wesp
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Switzerland
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