1
|
Keil L, Mehlmer N, Cavelius P, Garbe D, Haack M, Ritz M, Awad D, Brück T. The Time-Resolved Salt Stress Response of Dunaliella tertiolecta-A Comprehensive System Biology Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15374. [PMID: 37895054 PMCID: PMC10607294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Algae-driven processes, such as direct CO2 fixation into glycerol, provide new routes for sustainable chemical production in synergy with greenhouse gas mitigation. The marine microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta is reported to accumulate high amounts of intracellular glycerol upon exposure to high salt concentrations. We have conducted a comprehensive, time-resolved systems biology study to decipher the metabolic response of D. tertiolecta up to 24 h under continuous light conditions. Initially, due to a lack of reference sequences required for MS/MS-based protein identification, a high-quality draft genome of D. tertiolecta was generated. Subsequently, a database was designed by combining the genome with transcriptome data obtained before and after salt stress. This database allowed for detection of differentially expressed proteins and identification of phosphorylated proteins, which are involved in the short- and long-term adaptation to salt stress, respectively. Specifically, in the rapid salt adaptation response, proteins linked to the Ca2+ signaling pathway and ion channel proteins were significantly increased. While phosphorylation is key in maintaining ion homeostasis during the rapid adaptation to salt stress, phosphofructokinase is required for long-term adaption. Lacking β-carotene, synthesis under salt stress conditions might be substituted by the redox-sensitive protein CP12. Furthermore, salt stress induces upregulation of Calvin-Benson cycle-related proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Brück
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany; (L.K.); (N.M.); (P.C.); (D.G.); (M.H.); (M.R.); (D.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pilz M, Cavelius P, Qoura F, Awad D, Brück T. Lipopeptides development in cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications: A comprehensive review. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108210. [PMID: 37460047 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipopeptides are surface active, natural products of bacteria, fungi and green-blue algae origin, having diverse structures and functionalities. In analogy, a number of chemical synthesis techniques generated new designer lipopeptides with desirable features and functions. Lipopetides are self-assembly guided, supramolecular compounds which have the capacity of high-density presentation of the functional epitopes at the surface of the nanostructures. This feature contributes to their successful application in several industry sectors, including food, feed, personal care, and pharmaceutics. In this comprehensive review, the novel class of ribosomally synthesized lipopeptides is introduced alongside the more commonly occuring non-ribosomal lipopeptides. We highlight key representatives of the most researched as well as recently described lipopeptide families, with emphasis on structural features, self-assembly and associated functions. The common biological, chemical and hybrid production routes of lipopeptides, including prominent analogues and derivatives are also discussed. Furthermore, genetic engineering strategies aimed at increasing lipopeptide yields, diversity and biological activity are summarized and exemplified. With respect to application, this work mainly details the potential of lipopeptides in personal care and cosmetics industry as cleansing agents, moisturizer, anti-aging/anti-wrinkling, skin whitening and preservative agents as well as the pharmaceutical industry as anitimicrobial agents, vaccines, immunotherapy, and cancer drugs. Given that this review addresses human applications, we conclude on the topic of safety of lipopeptide formulations and their sustainable production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melania Pilz
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Philipp Cavelius
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Farah Qoura
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dania Awad
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Thomas Brück
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Heffernan D, Pilz M, Klein M, Haack M, Race AM, Brück T, Qoura F, Strittmatter N. Screening of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from liquid fungal cultures using ambient mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04769-6. [PMID: 37389599 PMCID: PMC10329071 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04769-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The potential of fungi for use as biotechnological factories in the production of a range of valuable metabolites, such as enzymes, terpenes, and volatile aroma compounds, is high. Unlike other microorganisms, fungi mostly secrete secondary metabolites into the culture medium, allowing for easy extraction and analysis. To date, the most commonly used technique in the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is gas chromatography, which is time and labour consuming. We propose an alternative ambient screening method that provides rapid chemical information for characterising the VOCs of filamentous fungi in liquid culture using a commercially available ambient dielectric barrier discharge ionisation (DBDI) source connected to a quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The effects of method parameters on measured peak intensities of a series of 8 selected aroma standards were optimised with the best conditions being selected for sample analysis. The developed method was then deployed to the screening of VOCs from samples of 13 fungal strains in three different types of complex growth media showing clear differences in VOC profiles across the different media, enabling determination of best culturing conditions for each compound-strain combination. Our findings underline the applicability of ambient DBDI for the direct detection and comparison of aroma compounds produced by filamentous fungi in liquid culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Heffernan
- Department of Biosciences, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Melania Pilz
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Marco Klein
- Department of Biosciences, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Martina Haack
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Alan M Race
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Farah Qoura
- Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Nicole Strittmatter
- Department of Biosciences, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Heieck K, Brück T. Localization of Insertion Sequences in Plasmids for L-Cysteine Production in E. coli. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1317. [PMID: 37510222 PMCID: PMC10379815 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Insertion sequence elements (ISE) are often found to be responsible for the collapse of production in synthetically engineered Escherichia coli. By the transposition of ISE into the open reading frame of the synthetic pathway, E. coli cells gain selection advantage over cells expressing the metabolic burdensome production genes. Here, we present the exact entry sites of insertion sequence (IS) families 3 and 5 within plasmids for l-cysteine production in evolved E. coli populations. Furthermore, we identified an uncommon occurrence of an 8-bp direct repeat of IS5 which is atypical for this particular family, potentially indicating a new IS5 target site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Heieck
- School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stellner NI, Rerop ZS, Kyselka J, Alishevich K, Beneš R, Filip V, Celik G, Haack M, Ringel M, Masri M, Brück T. Value-Added Squalene in Single-Cell Oil Produced with Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus for Food Applications. J Agric Food Chem 2023. [PMID: 37227257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell oil (SCO) produced by oleaginous microorganisms is potentially a more land-efficient and sustainable alternative to vegetable oil. The cost of SCO production can be reduced by value-added co-products like squalene, a highly relevant compound for the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industry. For the first time, squalene in the oleaginous yeast Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus was analyzed, reaching 172.95 ± 61.31 mg/100 g oil in a lab-scale bioreactor. Using the squalene monooxygenase inhibitor terbinafine, cellular squalene was significantly increased to 2169 ± 262 mg/100 g SCO, while the yeast remained highly oleaginous. Further, SCO from a 1000 L scale production was chemically refined. The squalene content in the deodorizer distillate (DD) was found to be higher than that in DD from typical vegetable oils. Overall, this study demonstrates squalene as a value-added compound in SCO from C. oleaginosus for application in food and cosmetics without the use of genetic modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N I Stellner
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Werner Siemens-Chair for Synthetic Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Z S Rerop
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Werner Siemens-Chair for Synthetic Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Jan Kyselka
- Department of Dairy, Fat and Cosmetics, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, Prague 166 28, Czechia
| | - Katsiaryna Alishevich
- Department of Dairy, Fat and Cosmetics, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, Prague 166 28, Czechia
| | - Radek Beneš
- Department of Dairy, Fat and Cosmetics, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, Prague 166 28, Czechia
| | - Vladimír Filip
- Department of Dairy, Fat and Cosmetics, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 3, Prague 166 28, Czechia
| | - Gülnaz Celik
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Werner Siemens-Chair for Synthetic Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Martina Haack
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Werner Siemens-Chair for Synthetic Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Marion Ringel
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Werner Siemens-Chair for Synthetic Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Masri
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Werner Siemens-Chair for Synthetic Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Werner Siemens-Chair for Synthetic Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching 85748, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cavelius P, Engelhart-Straub S, Mehlmer N, Lercher J, Awad D, Brück T. The potential of biofuels from first to fourth generation. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002063. [PMID: 36996247 PMCID: PMC10063169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The steady increase in human population and a rising standard of living heighten global demand for energy. Fossil fuels account for more than three-quarters of energy production, releasing enormous amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) that drive climate change effects as well as contributing to severe air pollution in many countries. Hence, drastic reduction of CO2 emissions, especially from fossil fuels, is essential to tackle anthropogenic climate change. To reduce CO2 emissions and to cope with the ever-growing demand for energy, it is essential to develop renewable energy sources, of which biofuels will form an important contribution. In this Essay, liquid biofuels from first to fourth generation are discussed in detail alongside their industrial development and policy implications, with a focus on the transport sector as a complementary solution to other environmentally friendly technologies, such as electric cars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Cavelius
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Selina Engelhart-Straub
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Norbert Mehlmer
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Lercher
- Chair of Technical Chemistry II, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Dania Awad
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Koruyucu A, Blums K, Peest T, Gniffke A, Brück T, Weuster-Botz D. Biotechnological Production of Microbial Oils from Carbon Dioxide Using Microalgae and Oleaginous Yeasts in an Integrated Process. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202255064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Koruyucu
- Technical University of Munich Chair of Biochemical Engineering Boltzmannstr. 15 85748 Garching Germany
- Technical University of Munich TUM AlgaeTec Center Willy-Messerschmitt-Str. 1 85521 Ottobrunn Germany
| | - K. Blums
- Technical University of Munich Chair of Biochemical Engineering Boltzmannstr. 15 85748 Garching Germany
- Technical University of Munich TUM AlgaeTec Center Willy-Messerschmitt-Str. 1 85521 Ottobrunn Germany
| | - T. Peest
- Technical University of Munich Chair of Biochemical Engineering Boltzmannstr. 15 85748 Garching Germany
| | - A. Gniffke
- Technical University of Munich Chair of Biochemical Engineering Boltzmannstr. 15 85748 Garching Germany
- Technical University of Munich TUM AlgaeTec Center Willy-Messerschmitt-Str. 1 85521 Ottobrunn Germany
| | - T. Brück
- Technical University of Munich Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Germany
- Technical University of Munich TUM AlgaeTec Center Willy-Messerschmitt-Str. 1 85521 Ottobrunn Germany
| | - D. Weuster-Botz
- Technical University of Munich Chair of Biochemical Engineering Boltzmannstr. 15 85748 Garching Germany
- Technical University of Munich TUM AlgaeTec Center Willy-Messerschmitt-Str. 1 85521 Ottobrunn Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zev S, Ringel M, Driller R, Loll B, Brück T, Major DT. Understanding the competing pathways leading to hydropyrene and isoelisabethatriene. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:972-978. [PMID: 35965858 PMCID: PMC9359192 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpene synthases are responsible for the biosynthesis of terpenes, the largest family of natural products. Hydropyrene synthase generates hydropyrene and hydropyrenol as its main products along with two byproducts, isoelisabethatrienes A and B. Fascinatingly, a single active site mutation (M75L) diverts the product distribution towards isoelisabethatrienes A and B. In the current work, we study the competing pathways leading to these products using quantum chemical calculations in the gas phase. We show that there is a great thermodynamic preference for hydropyrene and hydropyrenol formation, and hence most likely in the synthesis of the isoelisabethatriene products kinetic control is at play.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shani Zev
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Marion Ringel
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ronja Driller
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany,
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience – DANDRITE, Universitetsbyen 81, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Bernhard Loll
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany,
| | - Thomas Brück
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dan T Major
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ringel M, Dimos N, Himpich S, Haack M, Huber C, Eisenreich W, Schenk G, Loll B, Brück T. Biotechnological potential and initial characterization of two novel sesquiterpene synthases from Basidiomycota Coniophora puteana for heterologous production of δ-cadinol. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:64. [PMID: 35440053 PMCID: PMC9018054 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01791-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Terpene synthases are versatile catalysts in all domains of life, catalyzing the formation of an enormous variety of different terpenoid secondary metabolites. Due to their diverse bioactive properties, terpenoids are of great interest as innovative ingredients in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. Recent advances in genome sequencing have led to the discovery of numerous terpene synthases, in particular in Basidiomycota like the wood rotting fungus Coniophora puteana, which further enhances the scope for the manufacture of terpenes for industrial purposes. Results In this study we describe the identification of two novel (+)-δ-cadinol synthases from C. puteana, Copu5 and Copu9. The sesquiterpene (+)-δ-cadinol was previously shown to exhibit cytotoxic activity therefore having an application as possible, new, and sustainably sourced anti-tumor agent. In an Escherichia coli strain, optimized for sesquiterpene production, titers of 225 mg l−1 and 395 mg l−1, respectively, could be achieved. Remarkably, both enzymes share the same product profile thereby representing the first two terpene synthases from Basidiomycota with identical product profiles. We solved the crystal structure of Copu9 in its closed conformation, for the first time providing molecular details of sesquiterpene synthase from Basidiomycota. Based on the Copu9 structure, we conducted structure-based mutagenesis of amino acid residues lining the active site, thereby altering the product profile. Interestingly, the mutagenesis study also revealed that despite the conserved product profiles of Copu5 and Copu9 different conformational changes may accompany the catalytic cycle of the two enzymes. This observation suggests that the involvement of tertiary structure elements in the reaction mechanism(s) employed by terpene synthases may be more complex than commonly expected. Conclusion The presented product selectivity and titers of Copu5 and Copu9 may pave the way towards a sustainable, biotechnological production of the potentially new bioactive (+)-δ-cadinol. Furthermore, Copu5 and Copu9 may serve as model systems for further mechanistic studies of terpenoid catalysis. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01791-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Ringel
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Nicole Dimos
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Himpich
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Haack
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Claudia Huber
- Bavarian NMR Center - Structural Membrane Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Bavarian NMR Center - Structural Membrane Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schenk
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, 68 Cooper Rd, Brisbane, 4702, Australia
| | - Bernhard Loll
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Thomas Brück
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Prem S, Helmer CPO, Dimos N, Himpich S, Brück T, Garbe D, Loll B. Towards an understanding of oleate hydratases and their application in industrial processes. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:58. [PMID: 35397585 PMCID: PMC8994360 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid hydratases are unique to microorganisms. Their native function is the oxidation of unsaturated C–C bonds to enable detoxification of environmental toxins. Within this enzyme family, the oleate hydratases (Ohys), which catalyze the hydroxylation of oleic acid to 10-(R)-hydroxy stearic acid (10-HSA) have recently gained particular industrial interest. 10-HSA is considered to be a replacement for 12-(R)-hydroxy stearic acid (12-HSA), which has a broad application in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. As 12-HSA is obtained through an energy consuming synthesis process, the biotechnological route for sustainable 10-HSA production is of significant industrial interest. All Ohys identified to date have a non-redox active FAD bound in their active site. Ohys can be divided in several subfamilies, that differ in their oligomerization state and the decoration with amino acids in their active sites. The latter observation indicates a different reaction mechanism across those subfamilies. Despite intensive biotechnological, biochemical and structural investigations, surprising little is known about substrate binding and the reaction mechanism of this enzyme family. This review, summarizes our current understanding of Ohys with a focus on sustainable biotransformation.
Collapse
|
11
|
Portner BW, Endres CH, Brück T, Garbe D. Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of microalgal fuel from thin-layer cascades. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:2399-2406. [PMID: 34296327 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Thin-layer cascades (TLCs) enable algae cultivation at high cell densities, thus increasing biomass yields and facilitating the harvest process. This makes them a promising technology for industrial-scale algal fuel production. Using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), we calculate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of aviation fuel produced using algal biomass from TLCs. We find that the impact (81 g CO2e per MJ) is lower than that of fuel from algal biomass cultivated in open race way ponds (94 g CO2e). However, neither of the two cultivation systems achieve sufficient GHG savings for compliance with the Renewable Energy Directive II. Seawater desalination in particular dominates the TLC impact, indicating a trade-off between carbon and water footprint. In both cultivation systems, the mixing power and fertilizer consumption present further significant impacts. There is uncertainty in the correlation between mixing power and algal oil yield, which should be investigated by future experimental studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian H Endres
- Bauhaus Luftfahrt e.V., Taufkirchen, Germany
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Garching, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Garching, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Garbe
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Garching, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wieland K, Masri M, von Poschinger J, Brück T, Haisch C. Non-invasive Raman spectroscopy for time-resolved in-line lipidomics. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28565-28572. [PMID: 35478569 PMCID: PMC9038134 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04254h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil-producing yeast cells are a valuable alternative source for palm oil production and, hence, may be one important piece of the puzzle for a more sustainable future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Wieland
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Germany
- Competence Center CHASE GmbH, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Mahmoud Masri
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jeremy von Poschinger
- TUM Pilot Plant for Industrial Biotechnology, Ernst-Otto-Fischerstrasse 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- TUM Pilot Plant for Industrial Biotechnology, Ernst-Otto-Fischerstrasse 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christoph Haisch
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Elisabeth-Winterhalter-Weg 6, 81377 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Raz K, Driller R, Dimos N, Ringel M, Brück T, Loll B, Major DT. The Impression of a Nonexisting Catalytic Effect: The Role of CotB2 in Guiding the Complex Biosynthesis of Cyclooctat-9-en-7-ol. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21562-21574. [PMID: 33289561 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Terpene synthases generate terpenes employing diversified carbocation chemistry, including highly specific ring formations, proton and hydride transfers, and methyl as well as methylene migrations, followed by reaction quenching. In this enzyme family, the main catalytic challenge is not rate enhancement, but rather structural and reactive control of intrinsically unstable carbocations in order to guide the resulting product distribution. Here we employ multiscale modeling within classical and quantum dynamics frameworks to investigate the reaction mechanism in the diterpene synthase CotB2, commencing with the substrate geranyl geranyl diphosphate and terminating with the carbocation precursor to the final product cyclooctat-9-en-7-ol. The 11-step in-enzyme carbocation cascade is compared with the same reaction in the absence of the enzyme. Remarkably, the free energy profiles in gas phase and in CotB2 are surprisingly similar. This similarity contrasts the multitude of strong π-cation, dipole-cation, and ion-pair interactions between all intermediates in the reaction cascade and the enzyme, suggesting a remarkable balance of interactions in CotB2. We ascribe this balance to the similar magnitude of the interactions between the carbocations along the reaction coordinate and the enzyme environment. The effect of CotB2 mutations is studied using multiscale mechanistic docking, machine learning, and X-ray crystallography, pointing the way for future terpene synthase design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keren Raz
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Ronja Driller
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Strukturbiochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Dimos
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Strukturbiochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marion Ringel
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Loll
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Strukturbiochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dan Thomas Major
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Arnold U, Brück T, Battenberg A, Masri M. PtX‐Plus: Synergies Through Coupling of PtX Facilities with a Biorefinery. CHEM-ING-TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Arnold
- AHP GmbH & Co. KG Karl-Heinrich-Ulrichs-Straße 11 10787 Berlin Germany
- Bauhaus-Universität Weimar Bauhaus-Institute for infrastructure solutions (b.is) Coudraystraße 7 99421 Weimar Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- Technische Universität München Werner Siemens Lehrstuhl für Synthetische Biotechnologie Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Andreas Battenberg
- Technische Universität München Boltzmannstraße 17 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Mahmoud Masri
- Technische Universität München Werner Siemens Lehrstuhl für Synthetische Biotechnologie Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Selleck C, Pedroso MM, Wilson L, Krco S, Knaven EG, Miraula M, Mitić N, Larrabee JA, Brück T, Clark A, Guddat LW, Schenk G. Structure and mechanism of potent bifunctional β-lactam- and homoserine lactone-degrading enzymes from marine microorganisms. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12882. [PMID: 32732933 PMCID: PMC7392888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68612-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes that confer antibiotic resistance can rapidly be disseminated from one microorganism to another by mobile genetic elements, thus transferring resistance to previously susceptible bacterial strains. The misuse of antibiotics in health care and agriculture has provided a powerful evolutionary pressure to accelerate the spread of resistance genes, including those encoding β-lactamases. These are enzymes that are highly efficient in inactivating most of the commonly used β-lactam antibiotics. However, genes that confer antibiotic resistance are not only associated with pathogenic microorganisms, but are also found in non-pathogenic (i.e. environmental) microorganisms. Two recent examples are metal-dependent β-lactamases (MBLs) from the marine organisms Novosphingobium pentaromativorans and Simiduia agarivorans. Previous studies have demonstrated that their β-lactamase activity is comparable to those of well-known MBLs from pathogenic sources (e.g. NDM-1, AIM-1) but that they also possess efficient lactonase activity, an activity associated with quorum sensing. Here, we probed the structure and mechanism of these two enzymes using crystallographic, spectroscopic and fast kinetics techniques. Despite highly conserved active sites both enzymes demonstrate significant variations in their reaction mechanisms, highlighting both the extraordinary ability of MBLs to adapt to changing environmental conditions and the rather promiscuous acceptance of diverse substrates by these enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Selleck
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Marcelo Monteiro Pedroso
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia. .,Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia. .,Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Liam Wilson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Stefan Krco
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Esmée Gianna Knaven
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Manfredi Miraula
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Nataša Mitić
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - James A Larrabee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA
| | - Thomas Brück
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenberg Str. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Alice Clark
- Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Luke W Guddat
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Gerhard Schenk
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia. .,Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia. .,Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Raz K, Driller R, Brück T, Loll B, Major DT. Understanding the role of active site residues in CotB2 catalysis using a cluster model. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:50-59. [PMID: 31976016 PMCID: PMC6964657 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpene cyclases are responsible for the initial cyclization cascade in the multistep synthesis of a large number of terpenes. CotB2 is a diterpene cyclase from Streptomyces melanosporofaciens, which catalyzes the formation of cycloocta-9-en-7-ol, a precursor to the next-generation anti-inflammatory drug cyclooctatin. In this work, we present evidence for the significant role of the active site's residues in CotB2 on the reaction energetics using quantum mechanical calculations in an active site cluster model. The results revealed the significant effect of the active site residues on the relative electronic energy of the intermediates and transition state structures with respect to gas phase data. A detailed understanding of the role of the enzyme environment on the CotB2 reaction cascade can provide important information towards a biosynthetic strategy for cyclooctatin and the biomanufacturing of related terpene structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keren Raz
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Ronja Driller
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- present address: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- present address: Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Brück
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Loll
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dan T Major
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Driller R, Garbe D, Mehlmer N, Fuchs M, Raz K, Major DT, Brück T, Loll B. Current understanding and biotechnological application of the bacterial diterpene synthase CotB2. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2355-2368. [PMID: 31666870 PMCID: PMC6808215 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CotB2 catalyzes the first committed step in cyclooctatin biosynthesis of the soil bacterium Streptomyces melanosporofaciens. To date, CotB2 represents the best studied bacterial diterpene synthase. Its reaction mechanism has been addressed by isoptope labeling, targeted mutagenesis and theoretical computations in the gas phase, as well as full enzyme molecular dynamic simulations. By X-ray crystallography different snapshots of CotB2 from the open, inactive, to the closed, active conformation have been obtained in great detail, allowing us to draw detailed conclusions regarding the catalytic mechanism at the molecular level. Moreover, numerous alternative geranylgeranyl diphosphate cyclization products obtained by CotB2 mutagenesis have exciting applications for the sustainable production of high value bioactive substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Driller
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,present address: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,present address: Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Daniel Garbe
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Norbert Mehlmer
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Monika Fuchs
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Keren Raz
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Dan Thomas Major
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Thomas Brück
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Loll
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Schädler T, Caballero Cerbon D, de Oliveira L, Garbe D, Brück T, Weuster-Botz D. Production of lipids with Microchloropsis salina in open thin-layer cascade photobioreactors. Bioresour Technol 2019; 289:121682. [PMID: 31271918 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal biomass is considered as the most promising feedstock for sustainable production of liquid fuels. Lipid production with Microchloropsis salina was studied in open thin-layer cascade (TLC) photobioreactors with a surface area of 8 m2 applying a physically simulated Mediterranean summer climate. High lipid concentrations of up to 6.6 g L-1 with 46% (w w-1) total lipids in dry cell mass were achieved in two-phase batch processes applying a nitrogen limitation. The two-phase batch process was transferred into a continuously operated reactor cascade of two TLC photobioreactors. Microchloropsis salina cells were produced continuously in the first photobioreactor, whereas continuous lipid production was enabled in the second, nitrogen-limited TLC photobioreactor resulting in continuous production of 3.0 g L-1 lipids with a high overall lipid space-time-yield of 0.2 g L-1 d-1. The control of alkalinity to about 10 mM resulted in high CO2 conversion efficiencies of 84-87%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Schädler
- Technical University of Munich, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748 Garching, Germany; Technical University of Munich, TUM-AlgaeTec Center, Willy-Messerschmitt-Straße 1, 82024 Taufkirchen, Germany.
| | - D Caballero Cerbon
- Technical University of Munich, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748 Garching, Germany; Technical University of Munich, TUM-AlgaeTec Center, Willy-Messerschmitt-Straße 1, 82024 Taufkirchen, Germany
| | - L de Oliveira
- Technical University of Munich, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748 Garching, Germany; Technical University of Munich, TUM-AlgaeTec Center, Willy-Messerschmitt-Straße 1, 82024 Taufkirchen, Germany
| | - D Garbe
- Technical University of Munich, Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany; Technical University of Munich, TUM-AlgaeTec Center, Willy-Messerschmitt-Straße 1, 82024 Taufkirchen, Germany.
| | - T Brück
- Technical University of Munich, Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany; Technical University of Munich, TUM-AlgaeTec Center, Willy-Messerschmitt-Straße 1, 82024 Taufkirchen, Germany.
| | - D Weuster-Botz
- Technical University of Munich, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748 Garching, Germany; Technical University of Munich, TUM-AlgaeTec Center, Willy-Messerschmitt-Straße 1, 82024 Taufkirchen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bessadok B, Santulli A, Brück T, Sadok S. Correction to: Species disparity response to mutagenesis of marine yeasts for the potential production of biodiesel. Biotechnol Biofuels 2019; 12:152. [PMID: 31249616 PMCID: PMC6587264 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1459-y.].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boutheina Bessadok
- Blue Biotechnology and Aquatics Bioproducts Laboratory (B3Aqua), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer – INSTM-Annexe La Goulette, 60 Port de Pêche, 2060 La Goulette, Tunisia
- Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie (INAT), 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Andrea Santulli
- Consorzio Universitario della Provincia di Trapani (CUPT), Lungomare Dante Alighieri, 91016 Casa Santa, TP Italy
| | - Thomas Brück
- Fachgebiet Industrielle Biokatalyse, IBK Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Saloua Sadok
- Blue Biotechnology and Aquatics Bioproducts Laboratory (B3Aqua), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer – INSTM-Annexe La Goulette, 60 Port de Pêche, 2060 La Goulette, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Severin TS, Brück T, Weuster-Botz D. Validated numerical fluid simulation of a thin-layer cascade photobioreactor in OpenFOAM. Eng Life Sci 2018; 19:97-103. [PMID: 32624991 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201800097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, microalgae have been considered as a promising alternative for the production of biofuels from CO2. For the efficient cultivation of these microalgae, several types of photobioreactors have been designed and Pilot scale photobioreactors have been used to assess the performance of these reactors. Therein the primarily investigated reactor type is the Raceway Pond. However, the less researched Thin-Layer Cascade Photobioreactor (TLC) shows a high potential for efficient production processes. Unfortunately, for low-value products like biofuels costs must be kept to a minimum for an economic operation. To facilitate this, 3D Computational Fluid Dynamic simulations can be employed to estimate performance of reactor variants e.g. with respect to power input and mixing. Since up to now little effort has been put into the modelling of TLC reactors, this report aims to present a simulation approach for these reactors types that allows simple adaptation to different geometric or operational boundary conditions. All models have been generated for a two-phase mixture in OpenFOAM. To demonstrate its applicability, validation measurements with a physical unit have been performed and were compared to the simulation results. With errors in the order of 10 % a successful simulation of the reactor geometry could be proven.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timm Steffen Severin
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering Technical University of Munich Garching Germany.,TUM AlgaeTec Center Ottobrunn Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- Werner Siemens-Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology Technical University of Munich Garching Germany.,TUM AlgaeTec Center Ottobrunn Germany
| | - Dirk Weuster-Botz
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering Technical University of Munich Garching Germany.,TUM AlgaeTec Center Ottobrunn Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Driller R, Janke S, Fuchs M, Warner E, Mhashal AR, Major DT, Christmann M, Brück T, Loll B. Towards a comprehensive understanding of the structural dynamics of a bacterial diterpene synthase during catalysis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3971. [PMID: 30266969 PMCID: PMC6162201 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenes constitute the largest and structurally most diverse natural product family. Most terpenoids exhibit a stereochemically complex macrocyclic core, which is generated by C–C bond forming of aliphatic oligo-prenyl precursors. This reaction is catalysed by terpene synthases (TPSs), which are capable of chaperoning highly reactive carbocation intermediates through an enzyme-specific reaction. Due to the instability of carbocation intermediates, the proteins’ structural dynamics and enzyme:substrate interactions during TPS catalysis remain elusive. Here, we present the structure of the diterpene synthase CotB2, in complex with an in crystallo cyclised abrupt reaction product and a substrate-derived diphosphate. We captured additional snapshots of the reaction to gain an overview of CotB2’s catalytic mechanism. To enhance insights into catalysis, structural information is augmented with multiscale molecular dynamic simulations. Our data represent fundamental TPS structure dynamics during catalysis, which ultimately enable rational engineering towards tailored terpene macrocycles that are inaccessible by conventional chemical synthesis. The bacterial diterpene synthase CotB2 catalyses the cyclisation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to cyclooctat-9-en7-ol. Here the authors present various CotB2 structures including a trapped abrupt reaction product that were used for molecular dynamic simulations and allowed them to model all intermediates along the reaction cascade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Driller
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Strukturbiochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Janke
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Fuchs
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Evelyn Warner
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anil R Mhashal
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Dan Thomas Major
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Mathias Christmann
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Loll
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Strukturbiochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gnouma A, Sehli E, Medhioub W, Ben Dhieb R, Masri M, Mehlmer N, Slimani W, Sebai K, Zouari A, Brück T, Medhioub A. Strain selection of microalgae isolated from Tunisian coast: characterization of the lipid profile for potential biodiesel production. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:1449-1459. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1973-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
23
|
Arnold U, De Palmenaer A, Brück T, Kuse K. Energy-Efficient Carbon Fiber Production with Concentrated Solar Power: Process Design and Techno-economic Analysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Arnold
- AHP GmbH & Co. KG, Karl-Heinrich-Ulrichs-Str. 11, D-10787 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas De Palmenaer
- Inst. Textile Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology & Director TUM AlgaeTec Center, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenberg Str. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Kolja Kuse
- TechnoCarbonTechnologies
GbR, Oberföhringer Strasse 175 a, D-81925 München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Arnold U, Brück T, De Palmenaer A, Kuse K. Carbon Capture and Sustainable Utilization by Algal Polyacrylonitrile Fiber Production: Process Design, Techno-Economic Analysis, and Climate Related Aspects. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Arnold
- AHP GmbH & Co. KG, Karl-Heinrich-Ulrichs-Str. 11, D-10787 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology & Director TUM AlgaeTec Center, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenberg Str. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas De Palmenaer
- Institute of Textile Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kolja Kuse
- TechnoCarbonTechnologies GbR, Oberföhringer Strasse 175 a, D-81925 München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lorenzen J, Driller R, Waldow A, Qoura F, Loll B, Brück T. Cover Feature: Rhodococcus erythropolis
Oleate Hydratase: a New Member in the Oleate Hydratase Family Tree-Biochemical and Structural Studies (ChemCatChem 2/2018). ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lorenzen
- Professorship for Industrial Biocatalysis; Technical University Munich; Lichtenberg Str. 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Ronja Driller
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Structural Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Ayk Waldow
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Structural Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Farah Qoura
- Professorship for Industrial Biocatalysis; Technical University Munich; Lichtenberg Str. 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Bernhard Loll
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Structural Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 6 14195 Berlin Germany
- moloX GmbH; Takustr. 6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- Professorship for Industrial Biocatalysis; Technical University Munich; Lichtenberg Str. 4 85748 Garching Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lorenzen J, Driller R, Waldow A, Qoura F, Loll B, Brück T. Rhodococcus erythropolis
Oleate Hydratase: a New Member in the Oleate Hydratase Family Tree-Biochemical and Structural Studies. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lorenzen
- Professorship for Industrial Biocatalysis; Technical University Munich; Lichtenberg Str. 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Ronja Driller
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Structural Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Ayk Waldow
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Structural Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Farah Qoura
- Professorship for Industrial Biocatalysis; Technical University Munich; Lichtenberg Str. 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Bernhard Loll
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Structural Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 6 14195 Berlin Germany
- moloX GmbH; Takustr. 6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- Professorship for Industrial Biocatalysis; Technical University Munich; Lichtenberg Str. 4 85748 Garching Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Koller AP, Wolf L, Brück T, Weuster-Botz D. Studies on the scale-up of biomass production with Scenedesmus spp. in flat-plate gas-lift photobioreactors. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 41:213-220. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1859-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
28
|
Bracharz F, Beukhout T, Mehlmer N, Brück T. Opportunities and challenges in the development of Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus ATCC 20509 as a new cell factory for custom tailored microbial oils. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:178. [PMID: 29070039 PMCID: PMC5657120 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus ATCC 20509, previously known as Trichosporon oleaginosus, Cryptococcus curvatus, Apiotrichum curvatum or Candida curvata D is an oleaginous yeast with several favorable qualities: it is fast growing, accumulates high amounts of lipid and has a very broad substrate spectrum. Its resistance to hydrolysis byproducts and genetic accessibility make it a promising cell factory for custom tailored microbial oils. However, literature about this organism is of varying degree of quality. Moreover, due to numerous changes of the species name, reports are highly scattered and poorly cited. This led to a poor integration of the findings into a unified body of knowledge. Particularly, errors in strain name usage and consequently citation are found even in most recent literature. To simplify future work, this review provides an overview of published studies and main findings regarding the metabolic capacities of C. oleaginosus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bracharz
- Technische Universität München, Division of Industrial Biocatalysis, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Teun Beukhout
- Westerdijk Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert Mehlmer
- Technische Universität München, Division of Industrial Biocatalysis, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- Technische Universität München, Division of Industrial Biocatalysis, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Apel A, Pfaffinger C, Basedahl N, Mittwollen N, Göbel J, Sauter J, Brück T, Weuster-Botz D. Open thin-layer cascade reactors for saline microalgae production evaluated in a physically simulated Mediterranean summer climate. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
30
|
Severin TS, Plamauer S, Apel AC, Brück T, Weuster-Botz D. Rapid salinity measurements for fluid flow characterisation using minimal invasive sensors. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
31
|
Kemper K, Hirte M, Reinbold M, Fuchs M, Brück T. Opportunities and challenges for the sustainable production of structurally complex diterpenoids in recombinant microbial systems. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:845-854. [PMID: 28546842 PMCID: PMC5433224 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With over 50.000 identified compounds terpenes are the largest and most structurally diverse group of natural products. They are ubiquitous in bacteria, plants, animals and fungi, conducting several biological functions such as cell wall components or defense mechanisms. Industrial applications entail among others pharmaceuticals, food additives, vitamins, fragrances, fuels and fuel additives. Central building blocks of all terpenes are the isoprenoid compounds isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate. Bacteria like Escherichia coli harbor a native metabolic pathway for these isoprenoids that is quite amenable for genetic engineering. Together with recombinant terpene biosynthesis modules, they are very suitable hosts for heterologous production of high value terpenes. Yet, in contrast to the number of extracted and characterized terpenes, little is known about the specific biosynthetic enzymes that are involved especially in the formation of highly functionalized compounds. Novel approaches discussed in this review include metabolic engineering as well as site-directed mutagenesis to expand the natural terpene landscape. Focusing mainly on the validation of successful integration of engineered biosynthetic pathways into optimized terpene producing Escherichia coli, this review shall give an insight in recent progresses regarding manipulation of mostly diterpene synthases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Kemper
- Professorship for Industrial Biocatalysis, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Max Hirte
- Professorship for Industrial Biocatalysis, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Markus Reinbold
- Professorship for Industrial Biocatalysis, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Monika Fuchs
- Professorship for Industrial Biocatalysis, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- Professorship for Industrial Biocatalysis, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kracht ON, Ammann AC, Stockmann J, Wibberg D, Kalinowski J, Piotrowski M, Kerr R, Brück T, Kourist R. Transcriptome profiling of the Australian arid-land plant Eremophila serrulata (A.DC.) Druce (Scrophulariaceae) for the identification of monoterpene synthases. Phytochemistry 2017; 136:15-22. [PMID: 28162767 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant terpenoids are a large and highly diverse class of metabolites with an important role in the immune defense. They find wide industrial application as active pharmaceutical ingredients, aroma and fragrance compounds. Several Eremophila sp. derived terpenoids have been documented. To elucidate the terpenoid metabolism, the transcriptome of juvenile and mature Eremophila serrulata (A.DC.) Druce (Scrophulariaceae) leaves was sequenced and a transcript library was generated. We report on the first transcriptomic dataset of an Eremophila plant. IlluminaMiSeq sequencing (2 × 300 bp) revealed 7,093,266 paired reads, which could be assembled to 34,505 isogroups. To enable detection of terpene biosynthetic genes, leaves were separately treated with methyl jasmonate, a well-documented inducer of plant secondary metabolites. In total, 21 putative terpene synthase genes were detected in the transcriptome data. Two terpene synthase isoenzymatic genes, termed ES01 and ES02, were successfully expressed in E. coli. The resulting proteins catalyzed the conversion of geranyl pyrophosphate, the universal substrate of monoterpene synthases to myrcene and Z-(b)-ocimene, respectively. The transcriptomic data and the discovery of the first terpene synthases from Eremophila serrulata are the initial step for the understanding of the terpene metabolism in this medicinally important plant genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Octavia Natascha Kracht
- Junior Research Group for Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Ammann
- Junior Research Group for Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia Stockmann
- Junior Research Group for Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Wibberg
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Markus Piotrowski
- Chair of Plant Physiology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Russell Kerr
- Marine Natural Products Lab, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
| | - Thomas Brück
- Chair of Industrial Biocatalysis, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Robert Kourist
- Junior Research Group for Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lorenzen J, Igl N, Tippelt M, Stege A, Qoura F, Sohling U, Brück T. Extraction of microalgae derived lipids with supercritical carbon dioxide in an industrial relevant pilot plant. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 40:911-918. [PMID: 28299465 PMCID: PMC5429346 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1755-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are capable of producing up to 70% w/w triglycerides with respect to their dry cell weight. Since microalgae utilize the greenhouse gas CO2, they can be cultivated on marginal lands and grow up to ten times faster than terrestrial plants, the generation of algae oils is a promising option for the development of sustainable bioprocesses, that are of interest for the chemical lubricant, cosmetic and food industry. For the first time we have carried out the optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) mediated lipid extraction from biomass of the microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus and Scenedesmus obtusiusculus under industrrially relevant conditions. All experiments were carried out in an industrial pilot plant setting, according to current ATEX directives, with batch sizes up to 1.3 kg. Different combinations of pressure (7–80 MPa), temperature (20–200 °C) and CO2 to biomass ratio (20–200) have been tested on the dried biomass. The most efficient conditions were found to be 12 MPa pressure, a temperature of 20 °C and a CO2 to biomass ratio of 100, resulting in a high extraction efficiency of up to 92%. Since the optimized CO2 extraction still yields a crude triglyceride product that contains various algae derived contaminants, such as chlorophyll and carotenoids, a very effective and scalable purification procedure, based on cost efficient bentonite based adsorbers, was devised. In addition to the sequential extraction and purification procedure, we present a consolidated online-bleaching procedure for algae derived oils that is realized within the supercritical CO2 extraction plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lorenzen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Nadine Igl
- Hopfenveredlung St. Johann GmbH & Co. KG, Auenstr. 18-20, 85283, Wolnzach, Germany
| | - Marlene Tippelt
- Hopfenveredlung St. Johann GmbH & Co. KG, Auenstr. 18-20, 85283, Wolnzach, Germany
| | - Andrea Stege
- Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH, Ostenrieder Str. 15, 85368, Moosburg, Germany
| | - Farah Qoura
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sohling
- Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH, Ostenrieder Str. 15, 85368, Moosburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bracharz F, Redai V, Bach K, Qoura F, Brück T. The effects of TORC signal interference on lipogenesis in the oleaginous yeast Trichosporon oleaginosus. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:27. [PMID: 28270203 PMCID: PMC5341401 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oleaginous organisms are a promising, renewable source of single cell oil. Lipid accumulation is mainly induced by limitation of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus or sulfur. The oleaginous yeast Trichosporon oleaginosus accumulates up to 70% w/w lipid under nitrogen stress, while cultivation in non-limiting media only yields 9% w/w lipid. Uncoupling growth from lipid accumulation is key for the industrial process applicability of oleaginous yeasts. This study evaluates the effects of rapamycin on TOR specific signaling pathways associated with lipogenesis in Trichosporon oleaginosus for the first time. RESULTS Supplementation of rapamycin to nutrient rich cultivation medium led to an increase in lipid yield of up to 38% g/L. This effect plateaued at 40 μM rapamycin. Interestingly, the fatty acid spectrum resembled that observed with cultivation under nitrogen limitation. Significant changes in growth characteristics included a 19% increase in maximum cell density and a 12% higher maximum growth rate. T. oleaginosus only has one Tor gene much like the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides. Consequently, we analyzed the effect of rapamycin on T. oleaginosus specific TORC signaling using bioinformatic methodologies. CONCLUSIONS We confirm, that target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) is involved in control of lipid production and cell proliferation in T. oleaginosus and present a homology based signaling network. Signaling of lipid induction by TORC1 and response to carbon depletion to this complex appear to be conserved, whereas response to nitrogen limitation and autophagy are not. This work serves as a basis for further investigation regarding the control and induction of lipid accumulation in oil yeasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bracharz
- Industrial Biocatalysis Group, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Veronika Redai
- Industrial Biocatalysis Group, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Kathrin Bach
- Industrial Biocatalysis Group, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Farah Qoura
- Industrial Biocatalysis Group, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- Industrial Biocatalysis Group, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Reiße S, Haack M, Garbe D, Sommer B, Steffler F, Carsten J, Bohnen F, Sieber V, Brück T. In Vitro Bioconversion of Pyruvate to n-Butanol with Minimized Cofactor Utilization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2016; 4:74. [PMID: 27800475 PMCID: PMC5066087 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2016.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to enhanced energy content and reduced hygroscopicity compared with ethanol, n-butanol is flagged as the next generation biofuel and platform chemical. In addition to conventional cellular systems, n-butanol bioproduction by enzyme cascades is gaining momentum due to simplified process control. In contrast to other bio-based alcohols like ethanol and isobutanol, cell-free n-butanol biosynthesis from the central metabolic intermediate pyruvate involves cofactors [NAD(P)H, CoA] and acetyl-CoA-dependent intermediates, which complicates redox and energy balancing of the reaction system. We have devised a biochemical process for cell-free n-butanol production that only involves three enzyme activities, thereby eliminating the need for acetyl-CoA. Instead, the process utilizes only NADH as the sole redox mediator. Central to this new process is the amino acid catalyzed enamine–aldol condensation, which transforms acetaldehyde directly into crotonaldehyde. Subsequently, crotonaldehyde is reduced to n-butanol applying a 2-enoate reductase and an alcohol dehydrogenase, respectively. In essence, we achieved conversion of the platform intermediate pyruvate to n-butanol utilizing a biocatalytic cascade comprising only three enzyme activities and NADH as reducing equivalent. With reference to previously reported cell-free n-butanol reaction cascades, we have eliminated five enzyme activities and the requirement of CoA as cofactor. Our proof-of-concept demonstrates that n-butanol was synthesized at neutral pH and 50°C. This integrated reaction concept allowed GC detection of all reaction intermediates and n-butanol production of 148 mg L−1 (2 mM), which compares well with other cell-free n-butanol production processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Reiße
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; B&B Sustainable Innovations GmbH, Köln, Germany
| | - Martina Haack
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich , Garching , Germany
| | - Daniel Garbe
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich , Garching , Germany
| | - Bettina Sommer
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich , Garching , Germany
| | - Fabian Steffler
- Straubing Center of Science, Technical University of Munich , Straubing , Germany
| | - Jörg Carsten
- Straubing Center of Science, Technical University of Munich , Straubing , Germany
| | - Frank Bohnen
- B&B Sustainable Innovations GmbH , Köln , Germany
| | - Volker Sieber
- Straubing Center of Science, Technical University of Munich , Straubing , Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; B&B Sustainable Innovations GmbH, Köln, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Görner C, Hirte M, Huber S, Schrepfer P, Brück T. Stereoselective chemo-enzymatic oxidation routes for (1R,3E,7E,11S,12S)-3,7,18-dolabellatriene. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1115. [PMID: 26528263 PMCID: PMC4602142 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diterpene (1R,3E,7E,11S,12S)-3,7,18-dolabellatriene from the marine brown alga Dilophus spiralis belongs to the dolabellanes natural product family and has antimicrobial activity against multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Recently, we generated a CotB2 diterpene synthase mutant (W288G), which instead of its native product cyclooctat-9-en-7-ol, generates (1R,3E,7E,11S,12S)-3,7,18-dolabellatriene. In vivo CotB2 W288G reconstitution in an Escherichia coli based terpene production system, allowed efficient production of this olefinic macrocycle. To diversify the 3,7,18-dolabellatriene bioactivity we evaluated chemical and enzymatic methods for selective oxidation. Epoxidation by acetic peracid, which was formed in situ by a lipase catalyzed reaction of acetic acid with H2O2, provided efficient access to two monooxidized dolabellanes and to a novel di-epoxidated dolabellane species. These compounds could act as synthons en-route to new dolabellanes with diversified bioactivities. Furthermore, we demonstrate the almost quantitative 3,7,18-dolabellatriene conversion into the new, non-natural compound (1R,3E,7E,11S,12S,18R)-dolabella-3,7-diene-20-ol by hydroboration-oxidation with an enantiomeric excess of 94%, for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Görner
- Fachgebiet für Industrielle Biokatalyse, Department für Chemie, Technische Universität München Garching, Germany
| | - Max Hirte
- Fachgebiet für Industrielle Biokatalyse, Department für Chemie, Technische Universität München Garching, Germany
| | - Stephanie Huber
- Fachgebiet für Industrielle Biokatalyse, Department für Chemie, Technische Universität München Garching, Germany
| | - Patrick Schrepfer
- Fachgebiet für Industrielle Biokatalyse, Department für Chemie, Technische Universität München Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- Fachgebiet für Industrielle Biokatalyse, Department für Chemie, Technische Universität München Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Elleuche S, Qoura FM, Lorenz U, Rehn T, Brück T, Antranikian G. Cloning, expression and characterization of the recombinant cold-active type-I pullulanase from Shewanella arctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
38
|
|
39
|
Sommer B, von Moeller H, Haack M, Qoura F, Langner C, Bourenkov G, Garbe D, Loll B, Brück T. Detailed structure-function correlations of Bacillus subtilis acetolactate synthase. Chembiochem 2014; 16:110-8. [PMID: 25393087 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Isobutanol is deemed to be a next-generation biofuel and a renewable platform chemical.1 Non-natural biosynthetic pathways for isobutanol production have been implemented in cell-based and in vitro systems with Bacillus subtilis acetolactate synthase (AlsS) as key biocatalyst.2-6 AlsS catalyzes the condensation of two pyruvate molecules to acetolactate with thiamine diphosphate and Mg(2+) as cofactors. AlsS also catalyzes the conversion of 2-ketoisovalerate into isobutyraldehyde, the immediate precursor of isobutanol. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that the ALS enzyme family forms a distinct subgroup of ThDP-dependent enzymes. To unravel catalytically relevant structure-function relationships, we solved the AlsS crystal structure at 2.3 Å in the presence of ThDP, Mg(2+) and in a transition state with a 2-lactyl moiety bound to ThDP. We supplemented our structural data by point mutations in the active site to identify catalytically important residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Sommer
- Fachgebiet Industrielle Biokatalyse, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Janke R, Görner C, Hirte M, Brück T, Loll B. The first structure of a bacterial diterpene cyclase: CotB2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 70:1528-37. [PMID: 24914964 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004714005513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sesquiterpenes and diterpenes are a diverse class of secondary metabolites that are predominantly derived from plants and some prokaryotes. The properties of these natural products encompass antitumor, antibiotic and even insecticidal activities. Therefore, they are interesting commercial targets for the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Owing to their structural complexity, these compounds are more efficiently accessed by metabolic engineering of microbial systems than by chemical synthesis. This work presents the first crystal structure of a bacterial diterpene cyclase, CotB2 from the soil bacterium Streptomyces melanosporofaciens, at 1.64 Å resolution. CotB2 is a diterpene cyclase that catalyzes the cyclization of the linear geranylgeranyl diphosphate to the tricyclic cyclooctat-9-en-7-ol. The subsequent oxidation of cyclooctat-9-en-7-ol by two cytochrome P450 monooxygenases leads to bioactive cyclooctatin. Plasticity residues that decorate the active site of CotB2 have been mutated, resulting in alternative monocyclic, dicyclic and tricyclic compounds that show bioactivity. These new compounds shed new light on diterpene cyclase reaction mechanisms. Furthermore, the product of mutant CotB2(W288G) produced the new antibiotic compound (1R,3E,7E,11S,12S)-3,7,18-dolabellatriene, which acts specifically against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This opens a sustainable route for the industrial-scale production of this bioactive compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Janke
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Abteilung Strukturbiochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Görner
- Fachgebiet Industrielle Biokatalyse, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Max Hirte
- Fachgebiet Industrielle Biokatalyse, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Brück
- Fachgebiet Industrielle Biokatalyse, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Loll
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Abteilung Strukturbiochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Brück T, Kourist R, Loll B. Production of Macrocyclic Sesqui- and Diterpenes in Heterologous Microbial Hosts: A Systems Approach to Harness Nature’s Molecular Diversity. ChemCatChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201300733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
43
|
Sommer B, Garbe D, Schrepfer P, Brück T. Characterization of a highly thermostable ß-hydroxybutyryl CoA dehydrogenase from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
44
|
Görner C, Häuslein I, Schrepfer P, Eisenreich W, Brück T. Targeted Engineering of Cyclooctat-9-en-7-ol Synthase: A Stereospecific Access to Two New Non-natural Fusicoccane-Type Diterpenes. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201300285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
45
|
Guterl JK, Garbe D, Carsten J, Steffler F, Sommer B, Reiße S, Philipp A, Haack M, Rühmann B, Koltermann A, Kettling U, Brück T, Sieber V. Cell-free metabolic engineering: production of chemicals by minimized reaction cascades. ChemSusChem 2012; 5:2165-2172. [PMID: 23086730 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201200365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The limited supply of fossil resources demands the development of renewable alternatives to petroleum-based products. Here, biobased higher alcohols such as isobutanol are versatile platform molecules for the synthesis of chemical commodities and fuels. Currently, their fermentation-based production is limited by the low tolerance of microbial production systems to the end products and also by the low substrate flux into cell metabolism. We developed an innovative cell-free approach, utilizing an artificial minimized glycolytic reaction cascade that only requires one single coenzyme. Using this toolbox the cell-free production of ethanol and isobutanol from glucose was achieved. We also confirmed that these streamlined cascades functioned under conditions at which microbial production would have ceased. Our system can be extended to an array of industrially-relevant molecules. Application of solvent-tolerant biocatalysts potentially allows for high product yields, which significantly simplifies downstream product recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Karl Guterl
- Lehrstuhl für Chemie Biogener Rohstoffe, Technische Universität München, Schulgasse 16, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Scherer OJ, Braun J, Brück T, Dave T, Swarowsky M, Swa-rowsky H, Vondung J, Wolmershxuser G. Unusual Phosphorus Ligands. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 1990. [DOI: 10.1080/10426509008038988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
47
|
|
48
|
|
49
|
|
50
|
Scherer OJ, Brück T. [(η5-P5)Fe(η5-C5Me5)], ein Pentaphosphaferrocen-Derivat. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1987. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19870990108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|