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Morsy MA, Kawde ANM, Kamran M, Garrison TF, Iali W, Alharthi SS. Electron and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic investigation of anthracene oxidation. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08474. [PMID: 34901508 PMCID: PMC8639432 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The work reports a method for monitoring anthracene radical-mediated oxidation reactions using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The formation of anthracene dimer product was well-defined using 1H-NMR and 1H–1H correlation spectroscopy (COSY). Unrestricted 3-21G/B3LYP DFT was used to estimate radical hyperfine spacing (hfs), then to identify the characteristic EPR-spin transitions of anthracene radical intermediate. A detailed investigation of an anthracene oxidation reaction and its possible reaction mechanism in concentrated sulphuric acid is conducted as a model system for polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Peak-to-peak (p2p) intensities of selected EPR-spectral lines were used to evaluate anthracene's oxidation kinetic model. The findings showed that radical intermediate formation is a unimolecular autocatalytic process, dimerization is a pseudo-zero-order reaction, and the latter is the rate-determining step with a half-life of 48 ± 2 min at 25.0 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Morsy
- Chemistry Department, College of Chemicals and Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, P.O. Box 1624, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Abdel-Nasser M. Kawde
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Chemistry Department, College of Chemicals and Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, P.O. Box 1624, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas F. Garrison
- Chemistry Department, College of Chemicals and Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, P.O. Box 1624, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wissam Iali
- Chemistry Department, College of Chemicals and Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, P.O. Box 1624, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman S. Alharthi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Shanmugam V, Babu K, Garrison TF, Capezza AJ, Olsson RT, Ramakrishna S, Hedenqvist MS, Singha S, Bartoli M, Giorcelli M, Sas G, Försth M, Das O, Restás Á, Berto F. Potential natural polymer-based nanofibres for the development of facemasks in countering viral outbreaks. J Appl Polym Sci 2021; 138:50658. [PMID: 34149062 PMCID: PMC8206777 DOI: 10.1002/app.50658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly increased the demand for facemasks as a measure to reduce the rapid spread of the pathogen. Throughout the pandemic, some countries such as Italy had a monthly demand of ca. 90 million facemasks. Domestic mask manufacturers are capable of manufacturing 8 million masks each week, although the demand was 40 million per week during March 2020. This dramatic increase has contributed to a spike in the generation of facemask waste. Facemasks are often manufactured with synthetic materials that are non-biodegradable, and their increased usage and improper disposal are raising environmental concerns. Consequently, there is a strong interest for developing biodegradable facemasks made with for example, renewable nanofibres. A range of natural polymer-based nanofibres has been studied for their potential to be used in air filter applications. This review article examines potential natural polymer-based nanofibres along with their filtration and antimicrobial capabilities for developing biodegradable facemask that will promote a cleaner production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigneshwaran Shanmugam
- Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringSaveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennaiTamil NaduIndia
| | - Karthik Babu
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringCenturion University of Technology and ManagementSitapurOdishaIndia
| | - Thomas F. Garrison
- Chemistry DepartmentKing Fahd University of Petroleum & MineralsDhahranSaudi Arabia
| | - Antonio J. Capezza
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials DivisionSchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySweden
- Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Landscape ArchitectureHorticulture and Crop Production Science, SLU Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden
| | - Richard T. Olsson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials DivisionSchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySweden
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringCenter for Nanofibres and NanotechnologySingaporeSingapore
| | - Mikael S. Hedenqvist
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials DivisionSchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySweden
| | - Shuvra Singha
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials DivisionSchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of TechnologySweden
| | - Mattia Bartoli
- Department of applied science and technology (DISAT)Politecnico di TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Mauro Giorcelli
- Department of applied science and technology (DISAT)Politecnico di TorinoTorinoItaly
- Department of applied science and technology (DISAT)Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)TorinoItaly
| | - Gabriel Sas
- Structural and Fire Engineering Division, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources EngineeringLuleå University of TechnologyLuleåSweden
| | - Michael Försth
- Structural and Fire Engineering Division, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources EngineeringLuleå University of TechnologyLuleåSweden
| | - Oisik Das
- Structural and Fire Engineering Division, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources EngineeringLuleå University of TechnologyLuleåSweden
| | - Ágoston Restás
- Department of Fire Protection and Rescue ControlNational University of Public ServiceBudapestHungary
| | - Filippo Berto
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
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Garrison TF, Kaminski MA, Tawabini B, Frontalini F. Sediment oxygen demand and benthic foraminiferal faunas in the Arabian Gulf: A test of the method on a siliciclastic substrate. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2907-2913. [PMID: 34025168 PMCID: PMC8117160 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the relationship between environmental parameters (water and sediment) and benthic foraminiferal assemblages found in nearshore siliciclastic sediment in the Arabian Gulf. Nearshore marine water and sediment samples were collected from a beach on the Gulf of Bahrain located south of Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia. The water samples were analyzed for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and other chemical analyses. The sediment samples were tested for sediment oxygen demand (SOD) and heavy metal analysis. Results showed the BOD5 levels were below the detection limit (<1 ppm), while the mean SOD value was 0.97 ± 0.08 g/m2·day. The water and sediments were unpolluted and free of eutrophic enrichment, while the sediment was anoxic. The two most common genera in the benthic foraminiferal assemblage, Ammonia and Elphidium, are typical of shallow water sandy substrates. This is the first reported comparison between SOD and benthic foraminiferal assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Garrison
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael A Kaminski
- Geosciences Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassam Tawabini
- Geosciences Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fabrizio Frontalini
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy
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Albakri MA, Saleh TA, Mankour Y, Garrison TF, Al Hamouz OCS. Synthesis of a new thiophenol-thiophene polymer for the removal of mercury from wastewater and liquid hydrocarbons. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 582:428-438. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Adelabu IO, Saleh TA, Garrison TF, Al Hamouz OCS. Synthesis of polyamine-CNT composites for the removal of toxic cadmium metal ions from wastewater. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Johnson RL, Perras FA, Hanrahan MP, Mellmer M, Garrison TF, Kobayashi T, Dumesic JA, Pruski M, Rossini AJ, Shanks BH. Condensed Phase Deactivation of Solid Brønsted Acids in the Dehydration of Fructose to Hydroxymethylfurfural. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Johnson
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals (CBiRC), Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | | | | | - Max Mellmer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Thomas F. Garrison
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - James A. Dumesic
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals (CBiRC), Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Marek Pruski
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. DOE, Ames, Iowa 50011-3020, United States
| | | | - Brent H. Shanks
- Center for Biorenewable Chemicals (CBiRC), Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Garrison TF, Murawski A, Quirino RL. Bio-Based Polymers with Potential for Biodegradability. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E262. [PMID: 30974537 PMCID: PMC6432354 DOI: 10.3390/polym8070262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of renewable starting materials, such as sugars and polysaccharides, vegetable oils, lignin, pine resin derivatives, and proteins, have so far been investigated for the preparation of bio-based polymers. Among the various sources of bio-based feedstock, vegetable oils are one of the most widely used starting materials in the polymer industry due to their easy availability, low toxicity, and relative low cost. Another bio-based plastic of great interest is poly(lactic acid) (PLA), widely used in multiple commercial applications nowadays. There is an intrinsic expectation that bio-based polymers are also biodegradable, but in reality there is no guarantee that polymers prepared from biorenewable feedstock exhibit significant or relevant biodegradability. Biodegradability studies are therefore crucial in order to assess the long-term environmental impact of such materials. This review presents a brief overview of the different classes of bio-based polymers, with a strong focus on vegetable oil-derived resins and PLA. An entire section is dedicated to a discussion of the literature addressing the biodegradability of bio-based polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Garrison
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amanda Murawski
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA.
| | - Rafael L Quirino
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA.
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