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Who's afraid of the big bad boar? Assessing the effect of wild boar presence on the occurrence and activity patterns of other mammals. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235312. [PMID: 32663204 PMCID: PMC7360034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild boar are considered one the world’s worst invasive species and linked to biodiversity loss, competition for resources, predation of native species, and habitat modifications. In this study, we use camera traps to evaluate whether the invasive wild boar had an effect on the medium-sized mammal community of a protected area in southern Brazil. Based on photographic records, we evaluated whether the presence and relative abundance of wild boar was associated with a decrease in diversity or change in activity of medium-sized mammals. All comparisons were made between samples where wild boar were present or absent. The records of each camera during a season were considered a sample. The wild boar was the fourth most common species in the study area being present in 7.8% of the photographic records. The species richness of mammals was not negatively affected by the occurrence of wild boar and most common species did not exhibit changes in the daily activity pattern. However, we recorded an increase in the time elapsed between an observation of wild boar and the record of the next species relative to the average latency period observed among other mammalian species. This average latency period was similar to that observed in the case of large predators such as Puma, and its increase could be reflective partly of the avoidance of native species to wild boar. Nevertheless, our results show that the effect of invasive wild boar on the mammal community is not large as expected.
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Chemical and Pharmacological Screening of Rhinella icterica (Spix 1824) Toad Parotoid Secretion in Avian Preparations. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12060396. [PMID: 32549266 PMCID: PMC7354542 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological activity of Rhinella icterica parotoid secretion (RIPS) and some of its chromatographic fractions (RI18, RI19, RI23, and RI24) was evaluated in the current study. Mass spectrometry of these fractions indicated the presence of sarmentogenin, argentinogenin, (5β,12β)-12,14-dihydroxy-11-oxobufa-3,20,22-trienolide, marinobufagin, bufogenin B, 11α,19-dihydroxy-telocinobufagin, bufotalin, monohydroxylbufotalin, 19-oxo-cinobufagin, 3α,12β,25,26-tetrahydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholestane-26-O-sulfate, and cinobufagin-3-hemisuberate that were identified as alkaloid and steroid compounds, in addition to marinoic acid and N-methyl-5-hydroxy-tryptamine. In chick brain slices, all fractions caused a slight decrease in cell viability, as also seen with the highest concentration of RIPS tested. In chick biventer cervicis neuromuscular preparations, RIPS and all four fractions significantly inhibited junctional acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. In this preparation, only fraction RI23 completely mimicked the pharmacological profile of RIPS, which included a transient facilitation in the amplitude of muscle twitches followed by progressive and complete neuromuscular blockade. Mass spectrometric analysis showed that RI23 consisted predominantly of bufogenins, a class of steroidal compounds known for their cardiotonic activity mediated by a digoxin- or ouabain-like action and the blockade of voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels. These findings indicate that the pharmacological activities of RI23 (and RIPS) are probably mediated by: (1) inhibition of AChE activity that increases the junctional content of Ach; (2) inhibition of neuronal Na+/K+-ATPase, leading to facilitation followed by neuromuscular blockade; and (3) blockade of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, leading to stabilization of the motor endplate membrane.
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The interplay between local and landscape scales on the density of pond‐dwelling anurans in subtropical grasslands. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Stanosilicates based on Sn-magadiites applied in conversion of fructose at moderate temperatures. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01435d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Sn-Magadiite stanosilicates were successfully synthesized by the hydrothermal method.
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Tadpole of Pithecopus rusticus (Bruschi, Lucas, Garcia & Recco-Pimentel, 2014) (Anura, Phyllomedusidae): description of external morphology and natural history notes of a microendemic species. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2018-0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Pithecopus rusticus is a newly described species, of which information on its natural history, vocalization and tadpole morphology are still lacking. Here, we describe the larval external morphology of P. rusticus from the type locality, in the municipality of Água Doce, state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, comparing it with that of other species of the genus Pithecopus and providing information on its natural history. Eggs from two spawns were collected and kept in the laboratory until hatching. The tadpoles of P. rusticus belong to the suspension-rasper guild. At Gosner stage 37, the tadpoles showed: body shape oval in dorsal view and triangular in lateral view; a tooth row formula of 2(2)/3(1); the third lower row six times shorter than others; marginal papillae uniserial, interrupted by a wide dorsal gap and with rounded tips; and a single row of alternate marginal papillae on lower lip. External morphological features were compared with those of other tadpoles of Pithecopus. Observations on the natural history of P. rusticus are also reported.
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Mechanism of Rhinella icterica (Spix, 1824) toad poisoning using in vitro neurobiological preparations. Neurotoxicology 2018; 65:264-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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In the Shadow of Trees: Does Eucalyptus Afforestation Reduce Herpetofaunal Diversity in Southern Brazil? SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-16-00028.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Composition and diversity of anurans in the largest conservation unit in Pampa biome, Brazil. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2015-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Grassy biomes occupy about 20% of the earth's surface, and are characteristic of northern Australia, Africa and South America, being biodiversity in these environments poorly understood. The Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) do Ibirapuitã includes areas with the best-preserved grassland areas in the Pampa biome in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. This study aimed to determine anuran species richness, abundance, constancy of occurrence, and reproductive modes, and to compare the taxonomic composition in the APA with other localities within the grassland areas of the southernmost of South America. We collected frogs from September to November 2012 and in November 2013 by sampling of reproductive sites. We also examined specimens deposited in herpetological collections. In total, 32 frog species were identified from the combination of larval and adult sampling and analysis of specimens deposited in scientific collections. The registered anurofauna is typical of grassland areas, with at least 10% restricted to the subtropical region of South America and at least two species considered endangered in state and global scales. The most abundant species was Pseudopaludicola falcipes and Hypsiboas pulchellus was the species most frequently found among sites. Five reproductive modes were recorded, and the most common mode consists of development of exotrophic tadpole and deposition in to lentic bodies of water (57.5%). Cluster analysis of 16 communities representing grassland locations presented five groups with more than 50% similarity, whose structure was influenced by geographic distance but can be partially interpreted by regional peculiarities (e.g. height and phytophysiognomies). Our results consist of initial knowledge base on the anurofauna of APA do Ibirapuitã, supporting recommendations for future conservation actions to APA and also for the grassland biomes, which are increasingly threatened by human activities.
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Leptophis ahaetulla (Linnaeus, 1758) (Serpentes, Colubridae): first record for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. CHECK LIST 2016. [DOI: 10.15560/12.1.1838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the first record of Leptophis ahaetulla for the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Between November and December 2014, and February 2015, three specimens were found, respectively: one male dead on a highway at the Parque Estadual do Espinilho, a conservation unit located at the municipality of Barra do Quaraí; and two females collected in an anthropic landscape of Salso farm at the municipality of Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Meristic data and coloration enables the identification of these specimens as Leptophis ahaetulla marginatus.
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New records of Crossodactylus schmidti Gallardo, 1961 (Anura: Hylodidae) for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with data on morphometry and an updated geographic distribution map. CHECK LIST 2013. [DOI: 10.15560/9.6.1552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Crossodactylus schmidti Gallardo, 1961 is a diurnal frog inhabiting rocky streams in forested areas, recently considered as a threatened species in the Brazilian states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. Herein we present four new population records of C. schmidti for the northwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul state and discuss the major impacts that may be threatening the species in the state. Additionally, we present an updated map of the current known species distribution and compare morphometric data among populations from Rio Grande do Sul state and Paraná state, in Brazil, and from the province of Misiones, Argentina, based on the examination of voucher specimens available from herpetological collections.
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Expansion of the geographical distribution of Trachycephalus typhonius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Anura: Hylidae): first record for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. CHECK LIST 2012. [DOI: 10.15560/8.4.817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first record of Trachycephalus typhonius for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, based on individuals found in the municipalities of Roque Gonzales and Salvador das Missões. The original vegetation of these municipalities is characterized as Mesophytic Semideciduous Forest (Atlantic Domain), currently replaced by agricultural activities and urbanization. This record expands the geographical distribution area of this species by approximately 270 km from the nearest known locality, Iguazú, Misiones province, Argentina.
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Extension of the geographical distribution of two anuran species for Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, with comments on natural history. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1676-06032010000300015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We record for the first time Crossodactylus schmidti (Anura: Hylodidae) and Proceratophrys avelinoi (Anura: Cycloramphidae) from Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, based on individuals captured in an area of Mesophytic Semideciduous Forest, the Parque Estadual do Turvo, located in the northwest region of the state. These records extend the geographical range for both species in about 60 km from the nearest known locality, the Municipality of San Vicente, Misiones, Argentina. We provide a characterization of the calling site used by males of Crossodactylus schmidti, and we also determined the niche breadth of P. avelinoi regarding to the use of water bodies.
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Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae, Leptodactylus furnarius Sazima and Bokermann, 1978: geographic distribution extension in Brazil. CHECK LIST 2010. [DOI: 10.15560/6.2.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The geographic distribution of Leptodactylus furnarius Sazima and Bokermann, 1978 comprises Argentina, Brazil (southern, southeastern, and west-central regions), Paraguay, and Uruguay. Herein, we report for the first time the occurrence of L. furnarius in northeastern and north regions of Brazil, at the states of Bahia and Tocantins, respectively.
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Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae, Chiasmocleis albopunctata: filling gap and geographic distribution map. CHECK LIST 2009. [DOI: 10.15560/5.2.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Anurans of a seasonally dry tropical forest: Morro do Diabo State Park, São Paulo state, Brazil. J NAT HIST 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00222930802702498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Reptilia, Serpentes, Dipsadidae, Phalotris lativittatus: distribution extension and geographic distribution map. CHECK LIST 2009. [DOI: 10.15560/5.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Distribuição temporal e espacial de anuros em área de Pampa, Santa Maria, RS. IHERINGIA. SERIE ZOOLOGIA 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0073-47212008000200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a riqueza, a constância de ocorrência, os modos reprodutivos, o padrão de distribuição da abundância, a temporada de vocalização e testar a correlação das variáveis climáticas sobre a atividade de vocalização dos anuros em uma região do Bioma Pampa, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Durante o período de novembro de 2001 a outubro de 2002 foram realizadas coletas mensais empregando o método de ‘busca em sítio de reprodução’ e exame de exemplares depositados na Coleção Herpetológica do Setor de Zoologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (ZUFSM). Foi registrada a ocorrência de 25 espécies de anuros. A anurofauna registrada corresponde a 30% das espécies encontradas no Rio Grande do Sul e normalmente está associada a áreas abertas encontradas no estado e em países vizinhos. Foram registrados quatro modos reprodutivos: modo 1 (14 espécies; 58,3%); modos 11 e 30 (nove espécies; 37,5%) e modo 24 (uma espécie; 4,2%). A baixa diversificação de modos reprodutivos provavelmente está relacionada à homogeneidade do hábitat primariamente campestre. A maior parte das espécies mostrou-se constante ou acessória na área estudada e o padrão de distribuição da abundância das espécies apresentou ajuste aos modelos Broken Stick e Log-normal, caracterizados pela homogeneidade na distribuição da abundância das espécies. A maioria das espécies apresentou grande plasticidade na ocupação de hábitats, mas poucas foram plásticas no uso dos sítios de vocalização. Houve correlação positiva, ainda que fraca, da riqueza de espécies com a precipitação mensal acumulada e da abundância com a temperatura média máxima. As correlações obtidas indicaram que na área estudada a temperatura parece atuar mais sobre a abundância de machos em atividade de vocalização e a precipitação sobre a riqueza, apesar da riqueza de espécies ser significativamente maior durante o período mais quente do ano. Estes resultados revelaram que as variáveis climatológicas testadas explicaram muito pouco da ocorrência sazonal das espécies, assim a influência de outras variáveis ambientais merece ser testada em estudos futuros.
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Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae, Leptodactylus chaquensis: Distribution extension in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. CHECK LIST 2008. [DOI: 10.15560/4.2.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Mamíferos do campus da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1676-06032008000100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
O estudo foi desenvolvido no Campus da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), localizado na Depressão Central do Rio Grande do Sul, no bioma Pampa. Aqui uma listagem de mamíferos é apresentada e são discutidas a ocupação espacial e estratégias de conservação da mastofauna local. Entre novembro de 2001 e outubro de 2002 foram registradas 26 espécies nativas e duas espécies exóticas (Lepus europaeus e Mus musculus) de mamíferos, distribuídas em 14 famílias. A maioria das espécies registradas apresenta ampla distribuição, é comumente associada a áreas abertas e apresenta tolerância a distúrbios antrópicos. Entretanto, também foram registradas espécies consideradas raras ou ameaçadas no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Lontra longicaudis, Monodelphis dimidiata e Nyctinomops laticaudatus), para as quais são sugeridas estratégias de conservação. A baixa diversidade de espécies registrada no Campus pode estar relacionada à forte pressão de modificações antrópicas, à pequena extensão da área estudada ou a fatores históricos, já que a área de estudo é originalmente campestre (Pampa), tipo de ambiente que abriga menor diversidade de mamíferos que áreas de florestas nativas.
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SIMILARITIES IN CALLING SITE AND ADVERTISEMENT CALL AMONG ANURAN AMPHIBIANS IN SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL1. SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.2994/1808-9798(2007)2[17:sicsaa]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Diversidade e distribuição espaço-temporal de anuros em região com pronunciada estação seca no sudeste do Brasil. IHERINGIA. SERIE ZOOLOGIA 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s0073-47212007000100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As atividades antrópicas têm alterado profundamente os ambientes naturais e muitas vezes afetado a diversidade e distribuição dos anuros. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as seguintes questões: (1) qual a composição da anurofauna em uma região de pastagem com clima marcadamente sazonal no extremo noroeste paulista? (2) como adultos e girinos das espécies se distribuem temporal e espacialmente? (3) a riqueza de espécies está correlacionada com descritores da heterogeneidade dos hábitats de reprodução? Na área estudada foram registradas 20 espécies de anuros, distribuídas em 11 gêneros de quatro famílias: Leptodactylidae (9), Hylidae (8), Microhylidae (2) e Bufonidae (1). Destas, Chaunus schneideri (Werner, 1894), Physalaemus centralis Bokermann, 1962 e Physalaemus fuscomaculatus (Steindachner, 1864) foram registradas apenas por coleta de girinos, enquanto Dendropsophus minutus (Peters, 1872) e Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824) ocorreram somente em corpos d'água próximos aos selecionados. As espécies registradas são conhecidas por sua ampla distribuição geográfica e por colonizarem áreas alteradas em outras localidades. Não houve correlação entre a riqueza de espécies e a complexidade estrutural dos corpos d'água. Entretanto, a maior riqueza de espécies foi registrada nos corpos d'água de longa duração. As poças temporárias de hidroperíodo instável foram colonizadas inicialmente por leptodactilídeos, enquanto que as poças permanentes ou temporárias estáveis foram colonizadas por hilídeos. A atividade de vocalização e de reprodução da maioria das espécies foi restrita ao período quente e chuvoso do ano, um padrão típico de ambientes tropicais sazonais. Cinco espécies [Chaunus schneideri, Dendropsophus nanus (Boulenger, 1889), Hypsiboas albopunctatus Spix, 1824, Leptodactylus podicipinus (Cope, 1862) e Pseudopaludicola aff. saltica (Cope, 1887)] vocalizaram durante a estação seca e chuvosa, mas apenas C. schneideri e H. albopunctatus se reproduziram durante o período seco. A fraca partilha espacial e temporal, registrada para adultos e girinos, não foi suficiente para explicar o isolamento reprodutivo entre as espécies. Outros fatores, como a partilha acústica e a segregação dos sítios de vocalização, podem ter maior importância para explicar a coexistência das espécies. A severidade climática (extensa e pronunciada estação seca, imprevisibilidade e inconstância das chuvas no início da estação chuvosa), juntamente com o elevado grau de conversão do hábitat natural em áreas de cultivo são, provavelmente, os fatores responsáveis pelo predomínio de espécies conhecidas por colonizar com sucesso áreas antrópicas em outras regiões do país.
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Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae, Leptodactylus labyrinthicus: rediscovery and distribution extension in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. CHECK LIST 2006. [DOI: 10.15560/2.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Biodiversidade e uso de hábitat da anurofauna em Santa Fé do Sul, região noroeste do estado de São Paulo. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2005. [DOI: 10.1590/s1676-06032005000300031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Este trabalho apresenta um inventário das espécies de répteis que ocorrem no campus da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) e arredores. A listagem está baseada em expedições mensais de campo entre novembro de 2001 e outubro de 2002 e exame do material da Coleção Herpetológica do Departamento de Biologia da UFSM. Das 36 espécies listadas, 20 foram registradas no campo e 16 foram registradas pelo exame da coleção.
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