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Atomic layer deposition of CoF 2, NiF 2 and HoF 3 thin films. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37486012 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01717f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes and characterization of CoF2, NiF2, and HoF3 thin films. For CoF2 deposition CoCl2(TMEDA) (TMEDA = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine) and NH4F were used as precursors. CoF2 deposition was studied at 180-275 °C, resulting in a growth per cycle (GPC) of 0.7 to 1.2 Å. All the films consist of tetragonal CoF2 according to XRD. The impurity contents were measured with ToF-ERDA and less than 1 at% of N and Cl were detected in the films, indicating effective reactions. In addition, the F/Co ratio is close to 2 as measured by the same method. The saturation of the GPC with respect to precursor pulses and purges was verified at 250 °C. The common feature of ALD metal fluoride films - remarkable roughness - is encountered also in this process. However, the films became smoother as the deposition temperature was increased. CoF2 deposition was also demonstrated on graphite substrates. NiF2 deposition was studied at 210-250 °C by using Ni(thd)2 and TaF5 or a new fluoride source NbF5 as the precursors. Tetragonal NiF2 was obtained, but the oxygen and hydrogen contents in the films were remarkable, up to ∼11 at%, as measured by ToF-ERDA. This was observed also when the films were in situ capped with YF3. NbF5 was shown to be a potential fluoride precursor by combining it with Ho(thd)3 to deposit HoF3 films. Orthorhombic HoF3 was obtained at deposition temperatures of 200-275 °C. The films deposited at 235-275 °C are pure, and the Nb contents in films deposited at 250 and 275 °C are only 0.21 and 0.15 at%. The main impurity in both films is oxygen, but the contents are only 1.5 and 1.6 at%. The saturation of the GPC with respect to precursor pulses was verified at 250 °C. The GPC is ∼1 Å.
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Electroblown titanium dioxide and titanium dioxide/silicon dioxide submicron fibers with and without titania nanorod layer for strontium(II) uptake. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Correction: Gut microbiota can utilize prebiotic birch glucuronoxylan in production of short-chain fatty acids in rats. Food Funct 2022; 13:4770. [PMID: 35380149 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo90028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Correction for 'Gut microbiota can utilize prebiotic birch glucuronoxylan in production of short-chain fatty acids in rats' by Emma Kynkäänniemi et al., Food Funct., 2022, 13, 3746-3759, DOI: 10.1039/D1FO03922A.
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Low temperature thermal ALD process for nickel utilizing dichlorobis(triethylphosphine)nickel(II) and 1,4-bis(trimethylgermyl)-1,4-dihydropyrazine. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10898-10908. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01347a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we developed a new ALD process for nickel metal from dichlorobis(triethylphosphine)nickel(II) (NiCl2(PEt3)2) and 1,4-bis(trimethylgermyl)-1,4-dihydropyrazine ((Me3Ge)2DHP). A series of phosphine adducts of nickel and cobalt halides was synthesized...
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Gut microbiota can utilize prebiotic birch glucuronoxylan in production of short-chain fatty acids in rats. Food Funct 2022; 13:3746-3759. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03922a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Birch-derived polyphenol and fiber (glucuronoxylan, GX)-rich extract and highly purified GX-rich extract support the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, suppress the harmful ones, and increase the production of total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA).
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Highly conductive and stable Co 9S 8 thin films by atomic layer deposition: from process development and film characterization to selective and epitaxial growth. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13264-13275. [PMID: 34608915 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02315b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Co9S8 is an interesting sulfide material with metallic conductivity that has shown promise for various energy applications. Herein, we report a new atomic layer deposition process producing crystalline, pure, and highly conductive Co9S8 thin films using CoCl2(TMEDA) (TMEDA = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine) and H2S as precursors at 180-300 °C. The lowest resistivity of 80 μΩ cm, best uniformity, and highest growth rate are achieved at 275 °C. Area-selective deposition is enabled by inherent substrate-dependency of film nucleation. We show that a continuous and conductive Co9S8 film can be prepared on oxide-covered silicon without any growth on Si-H. Besides silicon, Co9S8 films can be grown on a variety of substrates. The first example of an epitaxial Co9S8 film is shown using a GaN substrate. The Co9S8 films are stable up to 750 °C in N2, 400 °C in forming gas, and 225 °C in O2 atmosphere. The reported ALD process offers a scalable and cost-effective route to high-quality Co9S8 films, which are of interest for applications ranging from electrocatalysis and rechargeable batteries to metal barrier and liner layers in microelectronics and beyond.
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Novel electroblowing synthesis of tin dioxide and composite tin dioxide/silicon dioxide submicron fibers for cobalt(ii) uptake. RSC Adv 2021; 11:15245-15257. [PMID: 35424041 PMCID: PMC8698243 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01559a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale SnO2 has many important properties ranging from sorption of metal ions to gas sensing. Using a novel electroblowing method followed by calcination, we synthesized SnO2 and composite SnO2/SiO2 submicron fibers with a Sn : Si molar ratio of 3 : 1. Different calcination temperatures and heating rates produced fibers with varying structures and morphologies. In all the fibers SnO2 was detected by XRD indicating the SnO2/SiO2 fibers to be composite instead of complete mixtures. We studied the Co2+ separation ability of the fibers, since 60Co is a problematic contaminant in nuclear power plant wastewaters. Both SnO2 and SnO2/SiO2 fibers had an excellent Co2+ uptake with their highest uptake/K d values being 99.82%/281 000 mL g-1 and 99.79%/234 000 mL g-1, respectively. Compared to the bare SnO2 fibers, the SiO2 component improved the elasticity and mechanical strength of the composite fibers which is advantageous in dynamic column operation.
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Novel electroblowing synthesis of submicron zirconium dioxide fibers: effect of fiber structure on antimony(v) adsorption. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:4373-4383. [PMID: 36134400 PMCID: PMC9418533 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00414a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Both stable and radioactive antimony are common industrial pollutants. For antimonate (Sb(v)) removal from industrial waste water, we synthesized submicron zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) fibers by electroblowing and calcination of the as-electroblown fibers. The fibers are amorphous after calcination at 300 and 400 °C and their average diameter is 720 nm. The fibers calcined at 500 to 800 °C have an average diameter of 570 nm and their crystal structure transforms from tetragonal to monoclinic at the highest calcination temperatures. We investigated Sb(v) adsorption capacity of the synthesized ZrO2 fibers as a function of pH, adsorption isotherm at pH 6 and adsorption kinetics at pH 7. The tetragonal ZrO2 fibers calcined at 500 °C exhibited the best potential for Sb(v) remediation with Sb(v) uptake of 10 mg g-1 at pH 2 and a maximum Sb(v) uptake of 8.6 mg g-1 in the adsorption isotherm experiment. They also reached 30% of 7 days' Sb(v) uptake in only a minute. The adsorption kinetics followed the Elovich model.
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Submicron fibers as a morphological improvement of amorphous zirconium oxide particles and their utilization in antimonate (Sb(v)) removal. RSC Adv 2019; 9:22355-22365. [PMID: 35519469 PMCID: PMC9067061 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04211c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zirconium oxide was formed into submicron fibers to improve the Sb(v) separation performance compared to a conventional aggregate material.
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Intralanthanide Separation on Layered Titanium(IV) Organophosphate Materials via a Selective Transmetalation Process. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:22083-22093. [PMID: 29893122 PMCID: PMC6150644 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The lanthanides (Ln) are an essential part of many advanced technologies. Our societal transformation toward renewable energy drives their ever-growing demand. The similar chemical properties of the Ln pose fundamental difficulties in separating them from each other, yet high purity elements are crucial for specific applications. Here, we propose an intralanthanide separation method utilizing a group of titanium(IV) butyl phosphate coordination polymers as solid-phase extractants. These materials are characterized, and they contain layered structures directed by the hydrophobic interaction of the alkyl chains. The selective Ln uptake results from the transmetalation reaction (framework metal cation exchange), where the titanium(IV) serves as sacrificial coordination centers. The "tetrad effect" is observed from a dilute Ln3+ mixture. However, smaller Ln3+ ions are preferentially extracted in competitive binary separation models between adjacent Ln pairs. The intralanthanide ion-exchange selectivity arises synergistically from the coordination and steric strain preferences, both of which follow the reversed Ln contraction order. A one-step aqueous separation of neodymium (Nd) and dysprosium (Dy) is quantitatively achievable by simply controlling the solution pH in a batch mode, translating into a separation factor of greater than 2000 and 99.1% molar purity of Dy in the solid phase. Coordination polymers provide a versatile platform for further exploring selective Ln separation processes via the transmetalation process.
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Magnetic Properties of Polycrystalline Bismuth Ferrite Thin Films Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:4319-23. [PMID: 26273981 DOI: 10.1021/jz502285f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The atomic layer deposition (ALD) method was applied to grow thin polycrystalline BiFeO3 (BFO) films on Pt/SiO2/Si substrates. The 50 nm thick films were found to exhibit high resistivity, good morphological integrity, and homogeneity achieved by the applied ALD technique. Magnetic characterization revealed saturated magnetization of 25 emu/cm(3) with temperature-dependent coercivity varying from 5 to 530 Oe within the temperature range from 300 to 2 K. Magnetism observed in the films was found to change gradually from ferromagnetic spin ordering to pinned magnetic domain interactions mixed with weak spin-glass-like behavior of magnetically frustrated antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic (AFM-FM) spin ordering depending on the temperature and magnitude of the applied magnetic field. Antiferromagnetic order of spin cycloids was broken in polycrystalline films by crystal sizes smaller than the cycloid length (∼60 nm). Uncompensated spincycloids and magnetic domain walls were found to be the cause of the high magnetization of the BFO films.
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Abstract
Here, we present the first successful attempt to programme the surface properties of nanostructured soft biological tissues by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The nanopatterned surface of lotus leaf was tuned by 3-125 nm TiO2 thin films. The lotus/TiO2 composites were studied by SEM-EDX, XPS, Raman, TG-DTA, XRR, water contact angle and photocatalysis measurements. While we could preserve the superhydrophobic feature of lotus, we managed to add a new property, i.e. photocatalytic activity. We also explored how surface passivation treatments and various ALD precursors affect the stability of the sensitive soft biological tissues. As we were able to gradually change the number of nanopatterns of lotus, we gained new insight into how the hollow organic nanotubes on the surface of lotus influence its superhydrophobic feature.
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Bismuth(III
) Alkoxide Catalysts for Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactides and ϵ-Caprolactone. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Effects of spray drying on physicochemical properties of chitosan acid salts. AAPS PharmSciTech 2011; 12:637-49. [PMID: 21560022 PMCID: PMC3134675 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-011-9620-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of spray-drying process and acidic solvent system on physicochemical properties of chitosan salts were investigated. Chitosan used in spray dryings was obtained by deacetylation of chitin from lobster (Panulirus argus) origin. The chitosan acid salts were prepared in a laboratory-scale spray drier, and organic acetic acid, lactic acid, and citric acid were used as solvents in the process. The physicochemical properties of chitosan salts were investigated by means of solid-state CP-MAS (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and near-infrared spectroscopy. The morphology of spray-dried chitosan acid salts showed tendency toward higher sphericity when higher temperatures in a spray-drying process were applied. Analysis by XRPD indicated that all chitosan acid salts studied were amorphous solids. Solid-state (13)C NMR spectra revealed the evidence of the partial conversion of chitosan acetate to chitin and also conversion to acetyl amide form which appears to be dependent on the spray-drying process. The FTIR spectra suggested that the organic acids applied in spray drying may interact with chitosan at the position of amino groups to form chitosan salts. With all three chitosan acid salts, the FTIR bands at 1,597 and 1,615 cm(-1) were diminished suggesting that -NH groups are protonated. The FTIR spectra of all chitosan acid salts exhibited ammonium and carboxylate bands at 1,630 and 1,556 cm(-1), respectively. In conclusion, spray drying is a potential method of preparing acid salts from chitosan obtained by deacetylation of chitin from lobster (P. argus) origin.
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Iridium metal and iridium oxide thin films grown by atomic layer deposition at low temperatures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm12245b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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The Use of Disaccharides in Inhibiting Enzymatic Activity Loss and Secondary Structure Changes in Freeze-Dried β-Galactosidase during Storage. Pharm Res 2010; 28:540-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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(MeCp)Ir(CHD) and molecular oxygen as precursors in atomic layer deposition of iridium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm00486c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Atomic Layer Deposition of Metal Tellurides and Selenides Using Alkylsilyl Compounds of Tellurium and Selenium. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:3478-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ja8090388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Crystal structures and thermal properties of Ba(1,2,4-t-Bu3C5H2)2 and Sr(1,2,4-t-Bu3C5H2)2: Precursors for atomic layer deposition. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Radical-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition of Silver Thin Films Using Phosphine-Adducted Silver Carboxylates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/cvde.200606519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Atomic Layer Deposition of BaTiO3 Thin Films—Effect of Barium Hydroxide Formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/cvde.200606538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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New Approach to the ALD of Bismuth Silicates; Bi(CH2SiMe3)3 Acting as a Precursor for both Bismuth and Silicon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/cvde.200506378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Synthesis and characterisation of cyclopentadienyl complexes of barium: precursors for atomic layer deposition of BaTiO3. Dalton Trans 2004:1181-8. [PMID: 15252658 DOI: 10.1039/b400235k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclopentadienyl complexes Ba(C5Me5)2(THF)2 (1), Ba(C5Me5)2(A) (A = THF, dien, trien, diglyme, triglyme) (2-5), Ba(Pr(i)3C5H2)2(THF)2 (6), Ba(Bu(t)3C5H2)2(THF) (7), Ba(Me2NC2H4C5Me4)2 (8) and Ba(EtOC2H4C5Me4)2 (9) were prepared and characterised with TGA/SDTA, NMR and MS. Crystal structures of 2, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 9 are presented. All complexes prepared sublime under reduced pressure and complexes 1, 6 and 7 showed volatility also under atmospheric pressure. Complexes 1, 6 and 7 lose the coordinated THF when evaporated while complexes 2-5 are sublimable as complete molecules under reduced pressure. Complexes with bulky cyclopentadienyl ligands (6 and 7) are the most thermally stable and volatile among the prepared barocenes. X-ray structure determinations reveal that all the complexes studied are monomeric. Complexes 1, 7 and 8 were successfully tested in BaTiO3 thin film depositions by atomic layer deposition (ALD).
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Bismuth precursors for atomic layer deposition of bismuth-containing oxide films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b405891g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ancillary Ligand Effect on the Properties of “Mg(thd) 2” and Crystal Structures of [Mg(thd) 2(ethylene-diamine)] 2, [Mg(thd) 2(tmeda)], and [Mg(thd) 2(trien)]. Inorg Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ic010160r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ancillary ligand effect on the properties of "Mg(thd)2" and crystal structures of [Mg(thd)2(ethylenediamine)]2, [Mg(thd)2(tmeda)], and [Mg(thd)2(trien)]. Inorg Chem 2001; 40:788-94. [PMID: 11225124 DOI: 10.1021/ic000310i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Complexes [Mg(thd)2(A)] (Hthd = 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione; A = ethylenediamine, en (2); N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine, dmeda (3); N,N'-diethylethylenediamine, deeda (4); N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, tmeda (5); diethylenetriamine, dien (6); triethylenetetra-amine, trien (7); 1,2-ethanediol (8)) and [Mg(thd)2(EtOH)]2(1,3-propanediol) (9) were prepared and characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and thermal analysis. Crystal structures of compounds 2, 5, and 7 are presented. In all structures, Mg exhibits distorted six-coordination, with four shorter distances between Mg and keto-oxygens and two longer distances between Mg and nitrogen atoms (2, 5, 7). The structure of 2 consists of two monomeric complexes which form an asymmetric unit. The structure of 7 is similar to 2, but the trien molecule has coordinated through one terminal and one vicinal N atom to Mg. All complexes containing amines evaporated almost completely, but the complex 8, which contained 1,2-ethanediol, was thermally unstable and decomposed when heated. At temperatures below the dissociation temperature, all adducts of diamines appeared to evaporate intact.
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