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Mortazavi Y, Herrera R, Masureel M, Maculins T, Lehoux I, Sockolosky J, West N, Bulutoglu B, Zhao Y. Activation of the Interleukin-18 Signaling Pathway via Direct Receptor Dimerization in the Absence of Interleukin-18. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2024; 44:37-42. [PMID: 37934469 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 18 (IL-18) is a key cytokine involved in the activation of T and NK cells, which are major effector cells in tumor killing. However, recombinant IL-18 showed limited efficacy in clinical trials. A recent study showed the lack of efficacy was largely due to the existence of IL-18BP, a soluble decoy receptor for IL-18. It was shown that engineered IL-18 variants that maintained pathway activation, but avoided IL-18BP binding, could exert potent antitumor effects. In this study, we demonstrated an alternative strategy to activate IL-18 signaling through direct receptor dimerization. These results provide evidences that the IL-18 pathway can be activated by directly bridging the receptors and, therefore, bypassing the IL-18BP-mediated inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Mortazavi
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert Herrera
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Matthieu Masureel
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Timurs Maculins
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Isabelle Lehoux
- Department of BioMolecular Resources, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Sockolosky
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nathan West
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Beyza Bulutoglu
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
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2
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Maculins T, Dikic I. Gasdermin B in the host-pathogen tug-of-war. Cell Res 2021; 31:1043-1044. [PMID: 34341491 PMCID: PMC8486812 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00544-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Timurs Maculins
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Maculins T, Verschueren E, Hinkle T, Choi M, Chang P, Chalouni C, Rao S, Kwon Y, Lim J, Katakam AK, Kunz RC, Erickson BK, Huang T, Tsai TH, Vitek O, Reichelt M, Senbabaoglu Y, Mckenzie B, Rohde JR, Dikic I, Kirkpatrick DS, Murthy A. Multiplexed proteomics of autophagy-deficient murine macrophages reveals enhanced antimicrobial immunity via the oxidative stress response. eLife 2021; 10:e62320. [PMID: 34085925 PMCID: PMC8177894 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective autophagy is strongly associated with chronic inflammation. Loss-of-function of the core autophagy gene Atg16l1 increases risk for Crohn's disease in part by enhancing innate immunity through myeloid cells such as macrophages. However, autophagy is also recognized as a mechanism for clearance of certain intracellular pathogens. These divergent observations prompted a re-evaluation of ATG16L1 in innate antimicrobial immunity. In this study, we found that loss of Atg16l1 in myeloid cells enhanced the killing of virulent Shigella flexneri (S.flexneri), a clinically relevant enteric bacterium that resides within the cytosol by escaping from membrane-bound compartments. Quantitative multiplexed proteomics of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages revealed that ATG16L1 deficiency significantly upregulated proteins involved in the glutathione-mediated antioxidant response to compensate for elevated oxidative stress, which simultaneously promoted S.flexneri killing. Consistent with this, myeloid-specific deletion of Atg16l1 in mice accelerated bacterial clearance in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacological induction of oxidative stress through suppression of cysteine import enhanced microbial clearance by macrophages. Conversely, antioxidant treatment of macrophages permitted S.flexneri proliferation. These findings demonstrate that control of oxidative stress by ATG16L1 and autophagy regulates antimicrobial immunity against intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timurs Maculins
- Department of Cancer Immunology, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Erik Verschueren
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Trent Hinkle
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Meena Choi
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Patrick Chang
- Department of Pathology, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Cecile Chalouni
- Department of Pathology, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Shilpa Rao
- Department of Oncology Bioinformatics, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Youngsu Kwon
- Department of Translational Immunology, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Junghyun Lim
- Department of Cancer Immunology, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | | | | | | | - Ting Huang
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Tsung-Heng Tsai
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Kent State UniversityKentUnited States
| | - Olga Vitek
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Mike Reichelt
- Department of Pathology, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Yasin Senbabaoglu
- Department of Oncology Bioinformatics, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Brent Mckenzie
- Department of Translational Immunology, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - John R Rohde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, GenentechSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | | | - Aditya Murthy
- Interline TherapeuticsSouth San FranciscoUnited States
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Maculins T, Verschueren E, Hinkle T, Chang P, Chalouni C, Lim J, Katakam AK, Kunz RC, Erickson BK, Huang T, Choi M, Tsai TH, Vitek O, Reichelt M, Rohde J, Dikic I, Kirkpatrick DS, Murthy A. Multiplexed proteomics of autophagy deficient macrophages reveals enhanced anti-microbial immunity via the oxidative stress response. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.112.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Macrophages play a critical role in clearance of cytosolic pathogens. Autophagy functions at the intersection of antimicrobial innate immunity, metabolism and protein quality control; however, the impacts of infection and autophagy on shaping the macrophage proteome are poorly understood. Here, we describe a deep multi-dimensional proteomic analysis of primary murine macrophages infected with Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri). Tandem mass tagging (TMT) revealed dynamic genotype- and infection-dependent differences in host and pathogen proteins, phosphorylation and ubiquitination. These data catalogue the complex circuitry connecting autophagy, inflammatory signaling and the oxidative stress response. Loss of the autophagy gene Atg16l1 induced basal oxidative stress, activated the compensatory glutathione biosynthetic machinery, and surprisingly, enhanced clearance of S. flexneri. Pathogen clearance was similarly enhanced in wild type macrophages upon pharmacological inhibition of cysteine import. Our study provides a resource for innate immunity research and unexpectedly reveals that ATG16L1 dampens antimicrobial immunity by regulating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timurs Maculins
- 1Cancer Immunology, Genentech
- 2Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ting Huang
- 5Khoury Col. of Computer Sci., Northeastern Univ
| | - Meena Choi
- 5Khoury Col. of Computer Sci., Northeastern Univ
| | | | - Olga Vitek
- 5Khoury Col. of Computer Sci., Northeastern Univ
| | | | | | - Ivan Dikic
- 7Infectious Dis., Genentech
- 8Infectious Dis., Genentech, Germany
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Maculins T, Garcia-Pardo J, Skenderovic A, Gebel J, Putyrski M, Vorobyov A, Busse P, Varga G, Kuzikov M, Zaliani A, Rahighi S, Schaeffer V, Parnham MJ, Sidhu SS, Ernst A, Dötsch V, Akutsu M, Dikic I. Discovery of Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors by Integrating Protein Engineering and Chemical Screening Platforms. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:1441-1451.e7. [PMID: 32726587 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) govern intracellular life, and identification of PPI inhibitors is challenging. Roadblocks in assay development stemming from weak binding affinities of natural PPIs impede progress in this field. We postulated that enhancing binding affinity of natural PPIs via protein engineering will aid assay development and hit discovery. This proof-of-principle study targets PPI between linear ubiquitin chains and NEMO UBAN domain, which activates NF-κB signaling. Using phage display, we generated ubiquitin variants that bind to the functional UBAN epitope with high affinity, act as competitive inhibitors, and structurally maintain the existing PPI interface. When utilized in assay development, variants enable generation of robust cell-based assays for chemical screening. Top compounds identified using this approach directly bind to UBAN and dampen NF-κB signaling. This study illustrates advantages of integrating protein engineering and chemical screening in hit identification, a development that we anticipate will have wide application in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timurs Maculins
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Javier Garcia-Pardo
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Jakob Gebel
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry & Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mateusz Putyrski
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrew Vorobyov
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Philipp Busse
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gabor Varga
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maria Kuzikov
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology Screening Port, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Zaliani
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology Screening Port, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simin Rahighi
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy (CUSP), Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | | | - Michael J Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Andreas Ernst
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry & Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Masato Akutsu
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Freund EC, Lock JY, Oh J, Maculins T, Delamarre L, Bohlen CJ, Haley B, Murthy A. Efficient gene knockout in primary human and murine myeloid cells by non-viral delivery of CRISPR-Cas9. J Exp Med 2020; 217:e20191692. [PMID: 32357367 PMCID: PMC7336301 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells play critical and diverse roles in mammalian physiology, including tissue development and repair, innate defense against pathogens, and generation of adaptive immunity. As cells that show prolonged recruitment to sites of injury or pathology, myeloid cells represent therapeutic targets for a broad range of diseases. However, few approaches have been developed for gene editing of these cell types, likely owing to their sensitivity to foreign genetic material or virus-based manipulation. Here we describe optimized strategies for gene disruption in primary myeloid cells of human and murine origin. Using nucleofection-based delivery of Cas9-ribonuclear proteins (RNPs), we achieved near population-level genetic knockout of single and multiple targets in a range of cell types without selection or enrichment. Importantly, we show that cellular fitness and response to immunological stimuli is not significantly impacted by the gene editing process. This provides a significant advance in the study of myeloid cell biology, thus enabling pathway discovery and drug target validation across species in the field of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Freund
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Jaclyn Y. Lock
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Jaehak Oh
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Timurs Maculins
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Lelia Delamarre
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Benjamin Haley
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Aditya Murthy
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA
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7
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Lim J, Park H, Heisler J, Maculins T, Roose-Girma M, Xu M, Mckenzie B, van Lookeren Campagne M, Newton K, Murthy A. Autophagy regulates inflammatory programmed cell death via turnover of RHIM-domain proteins. eLife 2019; 8:44452. [PMID: 31287416 PMCID: PMC6615860 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RIPK1, RIPK3, ZBP1 and TRIF, the four mammalian proteins harboring RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM) domains, are key components of inflammatory signaling and programmed cell death. RHIM-domain protein activation is mediated by their oligomerization; however, mechanisms that promote a return to homeostasis remain unknown. Here we show that autophagy is critical for the turnover of all RHIM-domain proteins. Macrophages lacking the autophagy gene Atg16l1accumulated highly insoluble forms of RIPK1, RIPK3, TRIF and ZBP1. Defective autophagy enhanced necroptosis by Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. TNF-mediated necroptosis was mediated by RIPK1 kinase activity, whereas TLR3- or TLR4-mediated death was dependent on TRIF and RIPK3. Unexpectedly, combined deletion of Atg16l1 and Zbp1 accelerated LPS-mediated necroptosis and sepsis in mice. Thus, ZBP1 drives necroptosis in the absence of the RIPK1-RHIM, but suppresses this process when multiple RHIM-domain containing proteins accumulate. These findings identify autophagy as a central regulator of innate inflammation governed by RHIM-domain proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Lim
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Hyunjoo Park
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Jason Heisler
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Timurs Maculins
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Merone Roose-Girma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Brent Mckenzie
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | | | - Kim Newton
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Aditya Murthy
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, United States
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Maculins T, Nkosi PJ, Nishikawa H, Labib K. Tethering of SCF(Dia2) to the Replisome Promotes Efficient Ubiquitylation and Disassembly of the CMG Helicase. Curr Biol 2015; 25:2254-9. [PMID: 26255844 PMCID: PMC4562905 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Disassembly of the Cdc45-MCM-GINS (CMG) DNA helicase, which unwinds the parental DNA duplex at eukaryotic replication forks, is the key regulated step during replication termination but is poorly understood [1, 2]. In budding yeast, the F-box protein Dia2 drives ubiquitylation of the CMG helicase at the end of replication, leading to a disassembly pathway that requires the Cdc48 segregase [3]. The substrate-binding domain of Dia2 comprises leucine-rich repeats, but Dia2 also has a TPR domain at its amino terminus that interacts with the Ctf4 and Mrc1 subunits of the replisome progression complex [4, 5], which assembles around the CMG helicase at replication forks [6]. Previous studies suggested two disparate roles for the TPR domain of Dia2, either mediating replisome-specific degradation of Mrc1 and Ctf4 [4] or else tethering SCFDia2 (SCF [Skp1/cullin/F-box protein]) to the replisome to increase its local concentration at replication forks [5]. Here, we show that SCFDia2 does not mediate replisome-specific degradation of Mrc1 and Ctf4, either during normal S phase or in response to replication stress. Instead, the tethering of SCFDia2 to the replisome progression complex increases the efficiency of ubiquitylation of the Mcm7 subunit of CMG, both in vitro and in vivo. Correspondingly, loss of tethering reduces the efficiency of CMG disassembly in vivo and is synthetic lethal in combination with a disassembly-defective allele of CDC48. Residual ubiquitylation of Mcm7 in dia2-ΔTPR cells is still CMG specific, highlighting the complex regulation of the final stages of chromosome replication, about which much still remains to be learned. Replisome tethering of SCFDia2 promotes efficient ubiquitylation of the CMG helicase Loss of tethering and mutation of Cdc48 cause synthetic CMG disassembly defects
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Affiliation(s)
- Timurs Maculins
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Pedro Junior Nkosi
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Hiroko Nishikawa
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Karim Labib
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
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9
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Abstract
Chromosome replication is initiated by a universal mechanism in eukaryotic cells, involving the assembly and activation at replication origins of the CMG (Cdc45-MCM-GINS) DNA helicase, which is essential for the progression of replication forks. Disassembly of CMG is likely to be a key regulated step at the end of chromosome replication, but the mechanism was unknown until now. Here we show that the ubiquitin ligase known as SCF(Dia2) promotes ubiquitylation of CMG during the final stages of chromosome replication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Cdc48/p97 segregase then associates with ubiquitylated CMG, leading rapidly to helicase disassembly. These findings indicate that the end of chromosome replication in eukaryotes is controlled in a similarly complex fashion to the much-better-characterized initiation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Maric
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Timurs Maculins
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Giacomo De Piccoli
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Karim Labib
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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Morohashi H, Maculins T, Labib K. The amino-terminal TPR domain of Dia2 tethers SCF(Dia2) to the replisome progression complex. Curr Biol 2009; 19:1943-9. [PMID: 19913425 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells contain multiple versions of the E3 ubiquitin ligase known as the SCF (Skp1/cullin/F box), each of which is distinguished by a different F box protein that uses a domain at the carboxyl terminus to recognize substrates [1, 2]. The F box protein Dia2 is an important determinant of genome stability in budding yeast [3-5], but its mode of action is poorly understood. Here we show that SCF(Dia2) associates with the replisome progression complex (RPC) that assembles around the MCM2-7 helicase at DNA replication forks [6]. This interaction requires the RPC components Mrc1 and Ctf4, both of which associate with a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain located at the amino terminus of Dia2. Our data indicate that the TPR domain of Dia2 tethers SCF(Dia2) to the RPC, probably increasing the local concentration of the ligase at DNA replication forks. This regulation becomes important in cells that accumulate stalled DNA replication forks at protein-DNA barriers, perhaps aiding the interaction of SCF(Dia2) with key substrates. Our findings suggest that the amino-terminal domains of other F box proteins might also play an analogous regulatory role, controlling the localization of the cognate SCF complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Morohashi
- Cancer Research UK Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, UK
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