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Lee SM, Schulz C, Prabhash K, Kowalski D, Szczesna A, Han B, Rittmeyer A, Talbot T, Vicente D, Califano R, Cortinovis D, Le AT, Huang D, Liu G, Cappuzzo F, Reyes Contreras J, Reck M, Palmero R, Mak MP, Hu Y, Morris S, Höglander E, Connors M, Biggane AM, Vollan HK, Peters S. First-line atezolizumab monotherapy versus single-agent chemotherapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer ineligible for treatment with a platinum-containing regimen (IPSOS): a phase 3, global, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled study. Lancet 2023:S0140-6736(23)00774-2. [PMID: 37423228 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00774-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite immunotherapy advancements for patients with advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), pivotal first-line trials were limited to patients with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) 0-1 and a median age of 65 years or younger. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of first-line atezolizumab monotherapy with single-agent chemotherapy in patients ineligible for platinum-based chemotherapy. METHODS This trial was a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled study conducted at 91 sites in 23 countries across Asia, Europe, North America, and South America. Eligible patients had stage IIIB or IV NSCLC in whom platinum-doublet chemotherapy was deemed unsuitable by the investigator due to an ECOG PS 2 or 3, or alternatively, being 70 years or older with an ECOG PS 0-1 with substantial comorbidities or contraindications for platinum-doublet chemotherapy. Patients were randomised 2:1 by permuted-block randomisation (block size of six) to receive 1200 mg of atezolizumab given intravenously every 3 weeks or single-agent chemotherapy (vinorelbine [oral or intravenous] or gemcitabine [intravenous]; dosing per local label) at 3-weekly or 4-weekly cycles. The primary endpoint was overall survival assessed in the intention-to-treat population. Safety analyses were conducted in the safety-evaluable population, which included all randomised patients who received any amount of atezolizumab or chemotherapy. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03191786. FINDINGS Between Sept 11, 2017, and Sept 23, 2019, 453 patients were enrolled and randomised to receive atezolizumab (n=302) or chemotherapy (n=151). Atezolizumab improved overall survival compared with chemotherapy (median overall survival 10·3 months [95% CI 9·4-11·9] vs 9·2 months [5·9-11·2]; stratified hazard ratio 0·78 [0·63-0·97], p=0·028), with a 2-year survival rate of 24% (95% CI 19·3-29·4) with atezolizumab compared with 12% (6·7-18·0) with chemotherapy. Compared with chemotherapy, atezolizumab was associated with stabilisation or improvement of patient-reported health-related quality-of-life functioning scales and symptoms and fewer grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events (49 [16%] of 300 vs 49 [33%] of 147) and treatment-related deaths (three [1%] vs four [3%]). INTERPRETATION First-line treatment with atezolizumab monotherapy was associated with improved overall survival, a doubling of the 2-year survival rate, maintenance of quality of life, and a favourable safety profile compared with single-agent chemotherapy. These data support atezolizumab monotherapy as a potential first-line treatment option for patients with advanced NSCLC who are ineligible for platinum-based chemotherapy. FUNDING F Hoffmann-La Roche and Genentech Inc, a member of the Roche group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siow Ming Lee
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence and UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK.
| | - Christian Schulz
- Bereich Pneumologie Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kumar Prabhash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Dariusz Kowalski
- Department of Lung Cancer and Thoracic Tumors, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szczesna
- Department of Lung Diseases, Mazowieckie Centrum Leczenia Chorób Płuc i Gruźlicy, Otwock, Poland
| | - Baohui Han
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Achim Rittmeyer
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, LKI Lungenfachklinik Immenhausen, Immenhausen, Germany
| | - Toby Talbot
- Department of Oncology, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Truro, UK
| | - David Vicente
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Raffaele Califano
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust and Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Diego Cortinovis
- Department of Medical Oncology, AAST H S Gerardo Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Anh Tuan Le
- Cho Ray Cancer Centre, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Dingzhi Huang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Clinical Research Centre for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Federico Cappuzzo
- Department of Oncology, National Cancer Institute IRCCS Regina Elena, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Martin Reck
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Lungen Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Centre North, German Centre for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Ramon Palmero
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Milena Perez Mak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Youyou Hu
- F Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Solange Peters
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Edner NM, Ntavli E, Petersone L, Wang CJ, Fabri A, Kogimtzis A, Ovcinnikovs V, Ross EM, Heuts F, Elfaki Y, Houghton LP, Talbot T, Sheri A, Pender A, Chao D, Walker LSK. Stratification of PD-1 blockade response in melanoma using pre- and post-treatment immunophenotyping of peripheral blood. Immunother Adv 2023; 3:ltad001. [PMID: 36818683 PMCID: PMC9929715 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficacy of checkpoint inhibitor therapies in cancer varies greatly, with some patients showing complete responses while others do not respond and experience progressive disease. We aimed to identify correlates of response and progression following PD-1-directed therapy by immunophenotyping peripheral blood samples from 20 patients with advanced malignant melanoma before and after treatment with the PD-1 blocking antibody pembrolizumab. Our data reveal that individuals responding to PD-1 blockade were characterised by increased CD8 T cell proliferation following treatment, while progression was associated with an increase in CTLA-4-expressing Treg. Remarkably, unsupervised clustering analysis of pre-treatment T cell subsets revealed differences in individuals that went on to respond to PD-1 blockade compared to individuals that did not. These differences mapped to expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 and the costimulatory receptor CD28 as well as the inhibitory molecules 2B4 and KLRG1. While these results require validation in larger patient cohorts, they suggest that flow cytometric analysis of a relatively small number of T cell markers in peripheral blood could potentially allow stratification of PD-1 blockade treatment response prior to therapy initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Edner
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | - Elisavet Ntavli
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | - Lina Petersone
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | - Chun Jing Wang
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | - Astrid Fabri
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | - Alexandros Kogimtzis
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | - Vitalijs Ovcinnikovs
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | - Ellen M Ross
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | - Frank Heuts
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | - Yassin Elfaki
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | - Luke P Houghton
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | - Toby Talbot
- Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Truro, UK
| | - Amna Sheri
- Department of Oncology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Pender
- Department of Oncology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - David Chao
- Department of Oncology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lucy S K Walker
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
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Gessner C, Griesinger F, Shah R, Talbot T, Venkateshan S, Vadanahalli Shankar A, Seluzhytsky A, Marsden D. 119TiP An observational study to assess the effectiveness and safety of cemiplimab in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in routine clinical practice within Europe (CEMI-LUNG). Immuno-Oncology and Technology 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2022.100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Peters S, Scherpereel A, Cornelissen R, Oulkhouir Y, Greillier L, Kaplan M, Talbot T, Monnet I, Hiret S, Baas P, Nowak A, Fujimoto N, Tsao A, Mansfield A, Popat S, Zhang X, Hu N, Balli D, Spires T, Zalcman G. First-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus chemotherapy in patients with unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma: 3-year outcomes from CheckMate 743. Ann Oncol 2022; 33:488-499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Peters S, Scherpereel A, Cornelissen R, Oulkhouir Y, Greillier L, Kaplan M, Talbot T, Monnet I, Hiret S, Baas P, Nowak A, Fujimoto N, Tsao A, Mansfield A, Popat S, Zhang X, Hu N, Balli D, Sanzari J, Zalcman G. LBA65 First-line nivolumab (NIVO) plus ipilimumab (IPI) vs chemotherapy (chemo) in patients (pts) with unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM): 3-year update from CheckMate 743. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.2146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Rowe M, Eastlake L, Norris T, Farley T, Talbot T. A Multicentre Retrospective Analysis of Toxicity in 6-weekly Versus 3-weekly Pembrolizumab. J Immunother 2021; 44:175-178. [PMID: 33492031 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pembrolizumab is an anti-programmed cell death protein 1 immune checkpoint inhibitor with a dosing schedule of 200 mg 3 weekly (q3w). Dose of 400 mg 6 weekly (q6w) was approved based on simulation of dose/exposure relationships and predicted no difference in toxicity. We present real-world comparative toxicity data. Patients receiving pembrolizumab for any indication between March and December 2019 were included across 3 regional centers. Toxicity data were collected retrospectively using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, v5.0. Clinically significant immune-related adverse events (CSirAE) were defined as immune-related events and grade ≥3 rash. Data were analyzed using incidence (Poisson distribution) and incidence ratio. Overall, 63 patients started on q6w and 110 patients received q3w. There were 3 (q6w) and 8 (q3w) grade 3-5 CSirAE and 13 (q6w) and 31 (q3w) grade 1-2 CSirAE. The incidence of grade 3-5 CSirAE was 0.77 (95% confidence interval: 0.16-2.24) per 100 patient-months in q6w and 0.68 (95% confidence interval: 0.29-1.34) per 100 patient-months in q3w (incidence ratio of 1.13; 95% confidence interval: 0.19-4.70). Low-grade toxicity was common (fatigue, pruritus, rash; q6w 46%, q3w 42%). Incidence of CSirAEs was low but low-grade toxicity was common. Despite a limited number of events, there is the suggestion that the q6w schedule has a similar toxicity profile to q3w and therefore consideration should be given to the reduced burden to patients and health services when deciding treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rowe
- University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth
| | | | | | | | - Toby Talbot
- Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Truro, UK
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Rowe M, Eastlake L, Norris T, Farley T, Talbot T. 1821P A multicentre analysis of toxicity in 6 weekly vs 3 weekly pembrolizumab dosing. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Corrie PG, Marshall A, Nathan PD, Lorigan P, Gore M, Tahir S, Faust G, Kelly CG, Marples M, Danson SJ, Marshall E, Houston SJ, Board RE, Waterston AM, Nobes JP, Harries M, Kumar S, Goodman A, Dalgleish A, Martin-Clavijo A, Westwell S, Casasola R, Chao D, Maraveyas A, Patel PM, Ottensmeier CH, Farrugia D, Humphreys A, Eccles B, Young G, Barker EO, Harman C, Weiss M, Myers KA, Chhabra A, Rodwell SH, Dunn JA, Middleton MR, Nathan P, Lorigan P, Dziewulski P, Holikova S, Panwar U, Tahir S, Faust G, Thomas A, Corrie P, Sirohi B, Kelly C, Middleton M, Marples M, Danson S, Lester J, Marshall E, Ajaz M, Houston S, Board R, Eaton D, Waterston A, Nobes J, Loo S, Gray G, Stubbings H, Gore M, Harries M, Kumar S, Goodman A, Dalgleish A, Martin-Clavijo A, Marsden J, Westwell S, Casasola R, Chao D, Maraveyas A, Marshall E, Patel P, Ottensmeier C, Farrugia D, Humphreys A, Eccles B, Dega R, Herbert C, Price C, Brunt M, Scott-Brown M, Hamilton J, Hayward RL, Smyth J, Woodings P, Nayak N, Burrows L, Wolstenholme V, Wagstaff J, Nicolson M, Wilson A, Barlow C, Scrase C, Podd T, Gonzalez M, Stewart J, Highley M, Wolstenholme V, Grumett S, Goodman A, Talbot T, Nathan K, Coltart R, Gee B, Gore M, Farrugia D, Martin-Clavijo A, Marsden J, Price C, Farrugia D, Nathan K, Coltart R, Nathan K, Coltart R. Adjuvant bevacizumab for melanoma patients at high risk of recurrence: survival analysis of the AVAST-M trial. Ann Oncol 2019; 29:1843-1852. [PMID: 30010756 PMCID: PMC6096737 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bevacizumab is a recombinant humanised monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor shown to improve survival in advanced solid cancers. We evaluated the role of adjuvant bevacizumab in melanoma patients at high risk of recurrence. Patients and methods Patients with resected AJCC stage IIB, IIC and III cutaneous melanoma were randomised to receive either adjuvant bevacizumab (7.5 mg/kg i.v. 3 weekly for 1 year) or standard observation. The primary end point was detection of an 8% difference in 5-year overall survival (OS) rate; secondary end points included disease-free interval (DFI) and distant metastasis-free interval (DMFI). Tumour and blood were analysed for prognostic and predictive markers. Results Patients (n=1343) recruited between 2007 and 2012 were predominantly stage III (73%), with median age 56 years (range 18–88 years). With 6.4-year median follow-up, 515 (38%) patients had died [254 (38%) bevacizumab; 261 (39%) observation]; 707 (53%) patients had disease recurrence [336 (50%) bevacizumab, 371 (55%) observation]. OS at 5 years was 64% for both groups [hazard ratio (HR) 0.98; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82–1.16, P = 0.78). At 5 years, 51% were disease free on bevacizumab versus 45% on observation (HR 0.85; 95% CI 0.74–0.99, P = 0.03), 58% were distant metastasis free on bevacizumab versus 54% on observation (HR 0.91; 95% CI 0.78–1.07, P = 0.25). Forty four percent of 682 melanomas assessed had a BRAFV600 mutation. In the observation arm, BRAF mutant patients had a trend towards poorer OS compared with BRAF wild-type patients (P = 0.06). BRAF mutation positivity trended towards better OS with bevacizumab (P = 0.21). Conclusions Adjuvant bevacizumab after resection of high-risk melanoma improves DFI, but not OS. BRAF mutation status may predict for poorer OS untreated and potential benefit from bevacizumab. Clinical Trial Information ISRCTN 81261306; EudraCT Number: 2006-005505-64
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Corrie
- Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
| | - A Marshall
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - P D Nathan
- Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, UK
| | - P Lorigan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - M Gore
- Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - S Tahir
- Oncology Research, Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, UK
| | - G Faust
- Oncology Department, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| | - C G Kelly
- Sir Bobby Robson Cancer Trials Research Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - M Marples
- Leeds Cancer Centre, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - S J Danson
- Weston Park Hospital, Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Sheffield, UK
| | - E Marshall
- Cancer & Palliative Care, St. Helen's Hospital, St. Helens, UK
| | - S J Houston
- Oncology Department, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, UK
| | - R E Board
- Rosemere Cancer Centre, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, UK
| | - A M Waterston
- Clinical Trials Unit, Beatson WOS Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - J P Nobes
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - M Harries
- Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, UK
| | - S Kumar
- Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, UK
| | - A Goodman
- Exeter Oncology Centre, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - A Dalgleish
- St George's Hospital, Cancer Centre, London, UK
| | | | - S Westwell
- Sussex Cancer Centre, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | - R Casasola
- Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - D Chao
- Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - P M Patel
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - C H Ottensmeier
- CRUK and NIHR Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - D Farrugia
- Oncology Centre, Cheltenham General Hospital, Cheltenham, UK
| | - A Humphreys
- Oncology Department, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - B Eccles
- Oncology Department, Poole Hospital, Dorset, UK
| | - G Young
- Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - E O Barker
- Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - C Harman
- Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Weiss
- Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - K A Myers
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - A Chhabra
- Cambridge Cancer Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - J A Dunn
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Gomes F, Yip K, Tokaca N, Greystoke A, Escriu C, Conibear J, Ghosh S, Doherty G, Funingana I, Ahmad T, Ahmed S, Cox R, Newsom-Davis T, Mills H, Shah R, Dorey N, Harle A, Dancey G, Baijal S, Geldart T, Ghafoor Q, Tarver K, Talbot T, Forster M, Cove-Smith L, Califano R, Blackhall F, Popat S, Summers Y. The ALK project: a real-world national network and database. Lung Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(19)30121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sacco J, Corrie P, Oladipo O, Payne M, Larkin J, Talbot T, Wagstaff J, Cheetham S, Stein D, Soni M, Coombs C, Amadi A, Wang M, Ellis J. Advanced melanoma treatment patterns in the modern era: United Kingdom (UK) real world retrospective chart review study. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy289.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Maio M, Lewis K, Demidov L, Mandalà M, Bondarenko I, Ascierto PA, Herbert C, Mackiewicz A, Rutkowski P, Guminski A, Goodman GR, Simmons B, Ye C, Yan Y, Schadendorf D, Cinat G, Fein LE, Brown M, Guminski A, Haydon A, Khattak A, McNeil C, Parente P, Power J, Roberts-Thomson R, Sandhu S, Underhill C, Varma S, Berger T, Awada A, Blockx N, Buyse V, Mebis J, Franke FA, Jobim de Azevedo S, Silva Lazaretti N, Jamal R, Mihalcioiu C, Petrella T, Savage K, Song X, Wong R, Dabelic N, Plestina S, Vojnovic Z, Arenberger P, Kocak I, Krajsova I, Kubala E, Melichar B, Vantuchova Y, Putnik K, Dreno B, Dutriaux C, Grob JJ, Joly P, Lacour JP, Meyer N, Mortier L, Thomas L, Fluck M, Gambichler T, Hassel J, Hauschild A, Schadendorf D, Donnellan P, McCaffrey J, Power D, Ariad S, Bar-Sela G, Hendler D, Ron I, Schachter J, Ascierto P, Berruti A, Bianchi L, Chiarion Sileni V, Cognetti F, Danielli R, Di Giacomo AM, Gianni L, Goldhirsch A, Guida M, Maio M, Mandalà M, Marchetti P, Queirolo P, Santoro A, Kapiteijn E, Mackiewicz A, Rutkowski P, Ferreira P, Demidov L, Gafton G, Makarova Y, Andric Z, Babovic N, Jovanovic D, Kandolf Sekulovic L, Cohen G, Dreosti L, Vorobiof D, Curiel Garcia MT, Diaz Beveridge R, Majem Tarruella M, Marquez Rodas I, Puliats Rodriguez JM, Rueda Dominguez A, Maroti M, Papworth K, Michielin O, Bondarenko I, Brown E, Corrie P, Harries M, Herbert C, Kumar S, Martin-Clavijo A, Middleton M, Patel P, Talbot T, Agarwala S, Chapman P, Conry R, Doolittle G, Gangadhar T, Hallmeyer S, Hamid O, Hernandez-Aya L, Johnson D, Kass F, Kolevska T, Lewis K, Lunin S, Salama A, Sikic B, Somer B, Spigel D, Whitman E. Adjuvant vemurafenib in resected, BRAF V600 mutation-positive melanoma (BRIM8): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2018; 19:510-520. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(18)30106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Talbot T, Dangoor A, Shah R, Naik J, Talbot D, Lester JF, Cipelli R, Hodgson M, Patel A, Summerhayes M, Newsom-Davis T. The burden of neutropenic sepsis in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with single-agent docetaxel: A retrospective study. Lung Cancer 2017; 113:115-120. [PMID: 29110837 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe rates of confirmed and suspected neutropenic sepsis (NS) and associated hospital resource utilisation in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with docetaxel monotherapy following relapse after ≥1 line of chemotherapy in routine UK clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multi-centre, retrospective, observational research study was conducted in seven centres across England and Wales. Adult patients with stage III/IV NSCLC initiated on docetaxel monotherapy between 2010 and 2016 in routine clinical practice (aged ≥18 years at initiation) following failure of first-line chemotherapy were eligible. Data were collected from hospital medical records between May 2016 and July 2016, on all episodes of confirmed or suspected NS related to docetaxel monotherapy, including patient characteristics. Episodes of confirmed NS were defined as documented absolute neutrophil count <1.0×109/L, plus temperature >38°C or other signs/symptoms of sepsis, otherwise episodes were classified as suspected NS. RESULTS 121 patients were included (median age 65.5 years; 57.9% male; median 4.0 cycles of docetaxel; 19.8% treated with prophylactic granulocyte-colony stimulating factor). Episodes of confirmed or suspected NS were recorded in 21/121 (17.4%) patients (11 confirmed episodes in 11 [9.1%] patients and 11 suspected episodes in 10 [8.3%] patients). Resource utilisation data were available for 21/22 episodes; the mean length of stay for confirmed NS admissions (n=11) was 9.2 (SD: 9.2) days and for suspected NS admissions (n=10) was 4.7 (SD: 4.6) days. The most commonly prescribed treatment for NS was piperacillin/tazobactam therapy (46.5% of all documented treatments). The mean total costs of managing patients with confirmed NS (n=11) and suspected NS (n=9) were £3163 (SD: £2921) and £1790 (SD: £1585) per patient, respectively. CONCLUSION Rates of confirmed NS in UK clinical practice were broadly similar to those reported in clinical trials; however, the burden of suspected NS, not routinely reported elsewhere, is also substantial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Talbot
- Royal Cornwall Hospital, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Treliske, Truro, TR1 3LJ, UK.
| | - Adam Dangoor
- Bristol Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Horfield Road, Bristol, BS2 8ED, UK.
| | - Riyaz Shah
- Kent Oncology Centre, Maidstone Hospital, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, Hermitage Lane, Maidstone, ME16 9QQ, UK.
| | - Jay Naik
- Pinderfields Hospital, Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust,Aberford Road, Wakefield, WF1 4DG, UK.
| | - Denis Talbot
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Old Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK.
| | - Jason F Lester
- Velindre Cancer Centre, Velindre NHS Trust, Velindre Road, Cardiff, CF14 2TL, UK.
| | - Riccardo Cipelli
- pH Associates Ltd, The Weighbridge, Brewery Courtyard, High Street, Marlow, SL7 2FF, UK.
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Newsom-Davis
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Chelsea, London, SW10 9NH, UK.
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Talbot T, Dangoor A, Shah R, Naik J, Lees C, Lester J, Cipelli R, Hodgson M, Patel A, Summerhayes M, Newsom-Davis T. 87: Resource use associated with the management of docetaxel-related haematological toxicities, including neutropenic sepsis (NS), in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the UK NHS: REVEAL-NS. Lung Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(17)30137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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McGrane J, Carswell S, Talbot T. Metastatic spinal cord compression from basal cell carcinoma of the skin treated with surgical decompression and vismodegib: case report and review of Hedgehog signalling pathway inhibition in advanced basal cell carcinoma. Clin Exp Dermatol 2016; 42:80-83. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. McGrane
- Department of Oncology; Royal Cornwall Hospital; Truro Cornwall
| | - S. Carswell
- Department of Oncology; Royal Cornwall Hospital; Truro Cornwall
| | - T. Talbot
- Department of Oncology; Royal Cornwall Hospital; Truro Cornwall
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Middleton MR, Corrie P, Dalle S, Lotem M, Board R, Arance Fernández AM, Meiss F, Terheyden P, Gutzmer R, Loquai C, Talbot T, Herbst R, Kaehler KC, KOTAPATI SRIVIDYA, Le TK, Brokaw J, Abernethy AP. Real-world overall survival in advanced melanoma from the IMAGE study. J Clin Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.34.15_suppl.9531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michal Lotem
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ruth Board
- Rosemere Cancer Centre, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, United Kingdom
| | | | - Frank Meiss
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Toby Talbot
- Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, United Kingdom
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S. Ahmad S, Qian W, Ellis S, Mason E, Khattak MA, Gupta A, Shaw H, Quinton A, Kovarikova J, Thillai K, Rao A, Board R, Nobes J, Dalgleish A, Grumett S, Maraveyas A, Danson S, Talbot T, Harries M, Marples M, Plummer R, Kumar S, Nathan P, Middleton MR, Larkin J, Lorigan P, Wheater M, Ottensmeier CH, Corrie PG. Ipilimumab in the real world: the UK expanded access programme experience in previously treated advanced melanoma patients. Melanoma Res 2015; 25:432-42. [PMID: 26225580 PMCID: PMC4560270 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Before licensing, ipilimumab was first made available to previously treated advanced melanoma patients through an expanded access programme (EAP) across Europe. We interrogated data from UK EAP patients to inform future clinical practice. Clinicians registered in the UK EAP provided anonymized patient data using a prespecified variable fields datasheet. Data collected were baseline patient characteristics, treatment delivered, toxicity, response, progression-free survival and overall survival (OS). Data were received for 193 previously treated metastatic melanoma patients, whose primary sites were cutaneous (82%), uveal (8%), mucosal (2%), acral (3%) or unknown (5%). At baseline, 88% of patients had a performance status (PS) of 0-1 and 20% had brain metastases. Of the patients, 53% received all four planned cycles of ipilimumab; the most common reason for stopping early was disease progression, including death from melanoma. Toxicity was recorded for 171 patients, 30% of whom experienced an adverse event of grade 3 or higher, the most common being diarrhoea (13%) and fatigue (9%). At a median follow-up of 23 months, the median progression-free survival and OS were 2.8 and 6.1 months, respectively; the 1-year and 2-year OS rates were 31 and 14.8%, respectively. The 2-year OS was significantly lower for patients with poorer PS (P<0.0001), low albumin concentrations (P<0.0001), the presence of brain metastases (P=0.007) and lactate dehydrogenase levels more than two times the upper limit of normal (P<0.0001) at baseline. These baseline characteristics are negative predictors of benefit from ipilimumab and should be taken into consideration before prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendi Qian
- Cambridge Cancer Trials Centre, Cambridge Clinical Trials Unit – Cancer Theme, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge
| | - Sarah Ellis
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton
| | - Elaine Mason
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie, Manchester
| | | | | | - Heather Shaw
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood
| | - Amy Quinton
- Department of Medical Oncology, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff
| | | | - Kiruthikah Thillai
- Directorate of Haematology and Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London
| | - Ankit Rao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals
| | - Ruth Board
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Preston Hospital
| | - Jenny Nobes
- Clinical Oncology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital
| | - Angus Dalgleish
- Division of Clinical Sciences, St George’s Hospital Medical School, London
| | - Simon Grumett
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals
| | | | - Sarah Danson
- Sheffield Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Sheffield, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield
| | - Toby Talbot
- Clinical Oncology Department, Royal Cornwall Hospitals
| | - Mark Harries
- Directorate of Haematology and Oncology, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London
| | - Maria Marples
- St. James’s Institute of Oncology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Ruth Plummer
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Satish Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff
| | - Paul Nathan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood
| | | | - James Larkin
- Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London
| | - Paul Lorigan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie, Manchester
| | - Matthew Wheater
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton
| | - Christian H. Ottensmeier
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Center, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton
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Ahmad S, Qian W, Ellis SG, Khattak MA, Gupta A, Thillai K, Board RE, Nobes J, Dalgleish A, Grumett SA, Maraveyas A, Danson S, Talbot T, Marples M, Plummer R, Kumar S, Middleton MR, Larkin JMG, Ottensmeier C, Corrie P. Ipilimumab in the real world: The U.K. expanded access programme (EAP) experience in advanced melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3018 Background: Since publication of the registration trial in 2010 (Hodi et al, NEJM 2010;363:711-23), real world use of ipilimumab (Ipi) in previously treated advanced melanoma patients has extended beyond the specific trial entry criteria of ECOG PS 0-1. We undertook a review of UK patients (pts) treated in the international EAP prior to European licensing of Ipi in August 2011, to compare real world survival outcomes. Methods: UK clinicians registered in the EAP provided anonymised data using pre-specified variable fields for all pts. The EAP stipulated pts should have previously treated, unresectable stage III or IV metastatic melanoma and receive Ipi 3 mg/kg, 3 weekly IV, for up to 4 cycles. Response using RECIST criteria was assessed 12 weekly. Grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) using CTCAE v3.0 were collected. Results: To date, information on 162 pts has been received from 16 UK sites. Primary sites were: 78% cutaneous, 4% ocular, 1% mucosal, 17% unknown. 78% pts had M1c disease, 14% had brain metastases. No prior therapies ranged from 0-4, 72% pts received 1 prior therapy. Median age was 60 years, men>women (1.6:1). ECOG PS was: 38% 0, 47% 1, 14% 2, 1% 3. BRAF status was known in 38% cases and WT in 75% of these. 19% pts were on steroids at baseline. No cycles delivered was 4 in 52%, 3 in 13%, 2 in 16%, 1 in 17% pts. Most frequent reason for stopping early was clinical evidence of disease progression (71%), death (16%) or unacceptable AE (12%). 32% pts experienced a grade ≥3 AE, the most common being diarrhoea (13%) and fatigue (8%). Complete and partial responses were reported in 1% and 21% of treated pts. At median follow-up of 17 months, median progression free survival and overall survival (OS) were 2.8 and 5.7 months, 1 year OS was 30%. Comparing outcomes of various pt subgroups, the strongest prognostic factor for OS was ECOG PS at the start of treatment (p<0.0001). For pts with PS 0 or 1, median OS was 8.8 months (compared with 10 months in the registration trial). More detailed safety and efficacy data on pt subgroups will be presented. Conclusions: This review, representing the largest Ipi EAP UK dataset, reports overall poorer survival outcomes than in the registration trial, but pts with similar characteristics to the trial population lived longer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Ahmad
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wendi Qian
- Cambridge Cancer Trials Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Avinash Gupta
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ruth E. Board
- Oncology Department, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Nobes
- Clinical Oncology, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Angus Dalgleish
- Deptartment of Oncology, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sarah Danson
- Cancer Research Centre, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Toby Talbot
- Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Truro, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ruth Plummer
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Philippa Corrie
- Oncology Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (Addenbrooke's Hospital), Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Krasnianski A, Kallenberg K, Collie DA, Meissner B, Schulz-Schaeffer WJ, Heinemann U, Varges D, Summers DM, Kretzschmar HA, Talbot T, Will RG, Zerr I. MRI in the classical MM1 and the atypical MV2 subtypes of sporadic CJD: an inter-observer agreement study. Eur J Neurol 2008; 15:762-71. [PMID: 18684308 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To establish radiological features in the atypical MV2 subtype of sCJD compared with the classical MM1 subtype, as well as region- and sequence-dependent inter-observer correlation. METHODS MRI hyperintensity of basal ganglia (BG), cortex and thalamus was evaluated in 31 MM1 and 32 MV2 patients. Each MR scan was analyzed independently by two neuroradiologists blinded to PRNP genotype/prion protein type. RESULTS Cumulative T2-sensitivity for BG hyperintensity was higher in the MV2 subtype (84% for both observers versus 61% in observer 1/42% in observer 2 in MM1 patients). Significant inter-observer agreement was found for BG and thalamus on T2, FLAIR, PD and DWI, but for cortex only on DWI. Thalamic changes were significantly more frequent in MV2 than in MM1 patients (cumulative sensitivity 86% vs. 12.5% on DWI). DISCUSSION The high frequency of thalamic hyperintensity in the MV2 subtype allowed differentiation from MM1 patients. Good inter-observer agreement was found for BG and thalamus in all sequences. DWI showed the highest inter-observer correlation independent of the investigated brain region and was therefore not only highly sensitive but also relatively independent of investigator bias. Since inter-observer correlation for cortical hyperintensity in T2, FLAIR and PD is relatively low, the cortical changes should not be over-interpreted with these sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Krasnianski
- Department of Neurology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany
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Kumar S, Talbot T, Hwang SA. Temporal and Spatial Visualization of Epidemiological Data. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s49-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Skinner J, Talbot T, Lovett B, Schaffner W. Process improvement measures to accurately identify reprocessed endoscopes ready-for-use in a surgical services department. Am J Infect Control 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2005.04.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Grieshaber SS, Lankenau DH, Talbot T, Holland S, Petersen NS. Expression of the 53 kD forked protein rescues F-actin bundle formation and mutant bristle phenotypes in Drosophila. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 2001; 50:198-206. [PMID: 11807940 DOI: 10.1002/cm.10007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
forked mutations affect bristle development in Drosophila pupae, resulting in short, thick, gnarled bristles in the adult. The forked proteins are components of 200-300-microm-long actin fiber bundles that are present transiently during pupal development [Petersen et al., 1994: Genetics 136:173-182]. These bundles are composed of segments of 3-10 microm long, and forked protein is localized along the actin fiber bundle segments and accumulates at the junctions connecting them longitudinally. In the forked mutants, f(36a) and f(hd), F-actin bundles are greatly reduced in number and size, and bundle segmentation is absent. The p-element, P[w(+), falter] contains a 5.3-kb fragment of the forked gene that encodes the 53-kD forked protein [Lankenau et al., 1996: Mol Cell Biol 16:3535-3544]. Expression of only the 53-kD forked protein is sufficient to rescue the actin bundle and bristle phenotypes of f(36a) and f(hd) mutant flies. The 5.3-kb forked sequence, although smaller than the 13-kb region previously shown to rescue forked mutants [Petersen et al., 1994: Genetics 136:173-182], does contain the core forked sequence that encodes actin binding and bundling domains in cultured mammalian cells [Grieshaber and Petersen, 1999: J Cell Sci 112:2203-2211]. These data show that the 53-kD forked protein is sufficient for normal bristle development and that the domains shown previously to be important for actin bundling in cell culture may be all that are required for normal actin bundle formation in developing Drosophila bristles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Grieshaber
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
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Eidson M, Komar N, Sorhage F, Nelson R, Talbot T, Mostashari F, McLean R. Crow deaths as a sentinel surveillance system for West Nile virus in the northeastern United States, 1999. Emerg Infect Dis 2001; 7:615-20. [PMID: 11585521 PMCID: PMC2631775 DOI: 10.3201/eid0704.010402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to human encephalitis and meningitis cases, the West Nile (WN) virus outbreak in the summer and fall of 1999 in New York State resulted in bird deaths in New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut. From August to December 1999, 295 dead birds were laboratory-confirmed with WN virus infection; 262 (89%) were American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos). The New York State Department of Health received reports of 17,339 dead birds, including 5,697 (33%) crows; in Connecticut 1,040 dead crows were reported. Bird deaths were critical in identifying WN virus as the cause of the human outbreak and defining its geographic and temporal limits. If established before a WN virus outbreak, a surveillance system based on bird deaths may provide a sensitive method of detecting WN virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eidson
- Zoonoses Program, New York State Department of Health, Rm. 621 ESP Corning Tower, Albany, NY 12237, USA.
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Heiss JD, Patronas N, DeVroom HL, Shawker T, Ennis R, Kammerer W, Eidsath A, Talbot T, Morris J, Eskioglu E, Oldfield EH. Elucidating the pathophysiology of syringomyelia. J Neurosurg 1999; 91:553-62. [PMID: 10507374 DOI: 10.3171/jns.1999.91.4.0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Syringomyelia causes progressive myelopathy. Most patients with syringomyelia have a Chiari I malformation of the cerebellar tonsils. Determination of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the progression of syringomyelia associated with the Chiari I malformation should improve strategies to halt progression of myelopathy. METHODS The authors prospectively studied 20 adult patients with both Chiari I malformation and symptomatic syringomyelia. Testing before surgery included the following: clinical examination; evaluation of anatomy by using T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging; evaluation of the syrinx and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) velocity and flow by using phase-contrast cine MR imaging; and evaluation of lumbar and cervical subarachnoid pressure at rest, during the Valsalva maneuver, during jugular compression, and following removal of CSF (CSF compliance measurement). During surgery, cardiac-gated ultrasonography and pressure measurements were obtained from the intracranial, cervical subarachnoid, and lumbar intrathecal spaces and syrinx. Six months after surgery, clinical examinations, MR imaging studies, and CSF pressure recordings were repeated. Clinical examinations and MR imaging studies were repeated annually. For comparison, 18 healthy volunteers underwent T1-weighted MR imaging, cine MR imaging, and cervical and lumbar subarachnoid pressure testing. Compared with healthy volunteers, before surgery, the patients had decreased anteroposterior diameters of the ventral and dorsal CSF spaces at the foramen magnum. In patients, CSF velocity at the foramen magnum was increased, but CSF flow was reduced. Transmission of intracranial pressure across the foramen magnum to the spinal subarachnoid space in response to jugular compression was partially obstructed. Spinal CSF compliance was reduced, whereas cervical subarachnoid pressure and pulse pressure were increased. Syrinx fluid flowed inferiorly during systole and superiorly during diastole on cine MR imaging. At surgery, the cerebellar tonsils abruptly descended during systole and ascended during diastole, and the upper pole of the syrinx contracted in a manner synchronous with tonsillar descent and with the peak systolic cervical subarachnoid pressure wave. Following surgery, the diameter of the CSF passages at the foramen magnum increased compared with preoperative values, and the maximum flow rate of CSF across the foramen magnum during systole increased. Transmission of pressure across the foramen magnum to the spinal subarachnoid space in response to jugular compression was normal and cervical subarachnoid mean pressure and pulse pressure decreased to normal. The maximum syrinx diameter decreased on MR imaging in all patients. Cine MR imaging documented reduced velocity and flow of the syrinx fluid. Clinical symptoms and signs improved or remained stable in all patients, and the tonsils resumed a normal shape. CONCLUSIONS The progression of syringomyelia associated with Chiari I malformation is produced by the action of the cerebellar tonsils, which partially occlude the subarachnoid space at the foramen magnum and act as a piston on the partially enclosed spinal subarachnoid space. This creates enlarged cervical subarachnoid pressure waves that compress the spinal cord from without, not from within, and propagate syrinx fluid caudally with each heartbeat, which leads to syrinx progression. The disappearance of the abnormal shape and position of the tonsils after simple decompressive extraarachnoidal surgery suggests that the Chiari I malformation of the cerebellar tonsils is acquired, not congenital. Surgery limited to suboccipital craniectomy, C-I laminectomy, and duraplasty eliminates this mechanism and eliminates syringomyelia and its progression without the risk of more invasive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Heiss
- Surgical Neurology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1414, USA.
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Abstract
In the absence of regulatory guidance on animal production for xenotransplantation and the need to conform to European, U.K. and international standards of animal health and welfare, Imutran set up a forum of experts in 1994 to assess the risks associated with the possible transmission of diseases from pig to man after transplantation of porcine tissue. This risk assessment set the specification for Qualified Pathogen-Free pig production and the animal testing required to demonstrate that the specification has been achieved. The invasive sampling required for detailed health monitoring of individual source animals is in conflict with the aim of producing healthy, normal animals that are not subject to undue stress, and produces predominantly retrospective data on a donor. Imutran has developed a sampling regime that qualifies age-class cohorts and the whole herd by the routine testing of representative sentinel animals. Imutran set up a pilot production unit in 1995 and this unit has remained populated beyond a 30-month period and has received in excess of 20 cohorts of animals by hysterectomy re-derivation. Rigorous testing of sentinels and noninvasive testing of individuals have demonstrated that this pilot unit has achieved the required specification on a routine basis in a system that has been designed to meet European ethical and animal welfare concerns, within the constraints of the strict U.K. animal research laws and an ISO 9001 quality environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- W O Iverson
- Laboratory Animal Services-Research, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Summit, New Jersey 07901-1398, USA.
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Bernstein EF, Salomon GD, Harisiadis L, Talbot T, Harrington F, Russo A, Uitto J. Collagen gene expression and wound strength in normal and radiation-impaired wounds. A model of radiation-impaired wound healing. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1993; 19:564-70. [PMID: 8509518 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.1993.tb00390.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poorly healing wounds result in significant morbidity postoperatively. Numerous attempts have been made to study wound healing in vivo to understand better the normal healing process and factors that impair healing. Animal models of wound healing have been developed to evaluate wound healing in a systematic and controlled setting. Incisional wounds are created in animals to mimic the surgical patient. They may then be evaluated by a variety of methods for degree of healing. OBJECTIVE To give insight into the mechanisms of wound healing impairment, we developed a model of impaired wound healing in guinea pigs using radiation applied to the skin surfaces only. METHODS Wound bursting strength, a direct measure of the force required to burst apart healing linear incisions, was measured. Collagen content, measured indirectly as collagen gene expression, was measured. RESULTS Significant reductions in wound bursting strength were noted after radiation administration. Collagen gene expression was decreased in wounds 7 days after radiation, but recovered to control levels 14 days after irradiation. Our model enables the inclusion of irradiated and unirradiated skin flaps within the same animal, thus eliminating intra-animal variation when comparing impaired and normal wounds. CONCLUSION Wound bursting strength analysis, combined with techniques aimed at elucidating changes at the molecular level, provides a useful tool for the study of factors that impair healing and potential treatments for resulting healing deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Bernstein
- Department of Dermatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107-5541
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Bernstein EF, Harisiadis L, Salomon G, Norton J, Sollberg S, Uitto J, Glatstein E, Glass J, Talbot T, Russo A. Transforming growth factor-beta improves healing of radiation-impaired wounds. J Invest Dermatol 1991; 97:430-4. [PMID: 1875042 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12481258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Exogenously applied TGF-beta 1 has been shown to increase wound strength in incisional wounds early in the healing process. An impaired wound healing model was first established in guinea pigs by isolating flaps of skin and irradiating the flaps to 15 Gray in one fraction using a 4-MeV linear accelerator. Incisions made 2 d after irradiation were excised 7 d later, and showed decreased linear wound bursting strength (WBS) as compared to non-irradiated control wounds on the contralateral side of each animal (p = 0.001). The effect of TGF-beta on healing of radiation-impaired wounds was studied using this model. Skin on both left and right sides of guinea pigs was irradiated as above. A linear incision was made in each side. Collagen with either 1, 5, or 20 micrograms of TGF-beta was applied to one side prior to closure with staples, whereas the contralateral side received saline in collagen. Wounds given either 1 or 5 micrograms of TGF-beta were found to be stronger than controls at 7 d (p less than 0.05), whereas those receiving the higher 20-micrograms dose were weaker than controls (p less than 0.05). Thus, TGF-beta in lower doses improved healing at 7 d but very large amounts of the growth factor actually impaired healing. In situ hybridization done on wound samples showed increased type I collagen gene expression by fibroblasts in wounds treated with 1 micrograms TGF-beta over control wounds. These results indicate that TGF-beta improved wound healing as demonstrated by increased WBS. This improvement is accompanied by an up-regulation of collagen gene expression by resident fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Bernstein
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Abstract
A patient with acquired esotropia underwent apparently successful strabismus surgery. Subsequent recurrence of esotropia, associated with square-wave jerks and downbeat nystagmus led to further investigation. Although standard CT scan was normal, rescanning after instillation of metrizamide demonstrated a Chiari I malformation. Posterior fossa decompression alleviated the esotropia. Acquired esotropia has not been recognized as a manifestation of Chiari I malformation. Our case illustrates that a high degree of suspicion is required to make the diagnosis of Chiari I malformation. Specialized techniques, such as metrizamide cisternography, or magnetic resonance imaging may be necessary if routine diagnostic measures are unrevealing.
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Talbot T, Jewell L, Schloss E, Yakimets W, Thomson AB. Cheilitis antedating Crohn's disease: case report and literature update of oral lesions. J Clin Gastroenterol 1984; 6:349-54. [PMID: 6481118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Oral lesions occur in an impressive number of patients with Crohn's disease. The lesions often precede the intestinal symptoms, and follow a variable course from asymptomatic to severe. They are important because of their association with Crohn's disease and the possibility that they could lead to an earlier diagnosis of Crohn's disease. We present a patient with cheilitis which preceded the recognition of colonic and perianal Crohn's disease by 7 years. The cheilitis responded to injection of steroids into the lips, but was unaffected by oral prednisone, sulfasalazine, azathioprine, and metronidazole.
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