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Milighetti M, Peng Y, Tan C, Mark M, Nageswaran G, Byrne S, Ronel T, Peacock T, Mayer A, Chandran A, Rosenheim J, Whelan M, Yao X, Liu G, Felce SL, Dong T, Mentzer AJ, Knight JC, Balloux F, Greenstein E, Reich-Zeliger S, Pade C, Gibbons JM, Semper A, Brooks T, Otter A, Altmann DM, Boyton RJ, Maini MK, McKnight A, Manisty C, Treibel TA, Moon JC, Noursadeghi M, Chain B. Large clones of pre-existing T cells drive early immunity against SARS-COV-2 and LCMV infection. iScience 2023; 26:106937. [PMID: 37275518 PMCID: PMC10201888 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell responses precede antibody and may provide early control of infection. We analyzed the clonal basis of this rapid response following SARS-COV-2 infection. We applied T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing to define the trajectories of individual T cell clones immediately. In SARS-COV-2 PCR+ individuals, a wave of TCRs strongly but transiently expand, frequently peaking the same week as the first positive PCR test. These expanding TCR CDR3s were enriched for sequences functionally annotated as SARS-COV-2 specific. Epitopes recognized by the expanding TCRs were highly conserved between SARS-COV-2 strains but not with circulating human coronaviruses. Many expanding CDR3s were present at high frequency in pre-pandemic repertoires. Early response TCRs specific for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus epitopes were also found at high frequency in the preinfection naive repertoire. High-frequency naive precursors may allow the T cell response to respond rapidly during the crucial early phases of acute viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Milighetti
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Yanchun Peng
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cedric Tan
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Michal Mark
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Gayathri Nageswaran
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Suzanne Byrne
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tahel Ronel
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tom Peacock
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andreas Mayer
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Aneesh Chandran
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Joshua Rosenheim
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Matthew Whelan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Xuan Yao
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Guihai Liu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Suet Ling Felce
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tao Dong
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Julian C Knight
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francois Balloux
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Erez Greenstein
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shlomit Reich-Zeliger
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Corinna Pade
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Joseph M Gibbons
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Amanda Semper
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Tim Brooks
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Ashley Otter
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Daniel M Altmann
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Rosemary J Boyton
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
- Lung Division, Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mala K Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Aine McKnight
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Charlotte Manisty
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Thomas A Treibel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - James C Moon
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Benny Chain
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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2
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Mlcochova P, Kemp SA, Dhar MS, Papa G, Meng B, Ferreira IATM, Datir R, Collier DA, Albecka A, Singh S, Pandey R, Brown J, Zhou J, Goonawardane N, Mishra S, Whittaker C, Mellan T, Marwal R, Datta M, Sengupta S, Ponnusamy K, Radhakrishnan VS, Abdullahi A, Charles O, Chattopadhyay P, Devi P, Caputo D, Peacock T, Wattal C, Goel N, Satwik A, Vaishya R, Agarwal M, Mavousian A, Lee JH, Bassi J, Silacci-Fegni C, Saliba C, Pinto D, Irie T, Yoshida I, Hamilton WL, Sato K, Bhatt S, Flaxman S, James LC, Corti D, Piccoli L, Barclay WS, Rakshit P, Agrawal A, Gupta RK. SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant replication and immune evasion. Nature 2021; 599:114-119. [PMID: 34488225 DOI: 10.1101/2021.05.08.443253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in the state of Maharashtra in late 2020 and spread throughout India, outcompeting pre-existing lineages including B.1.617.1 (Kappa) and B.1.1.7 (Alpha)1. In vitro, B.1.617.2 is sixfold less sensitive to serum neutralizing antibodies from recovered individuals, and eightfold less sensitive to vaccine-elicited antibodies, compared with wild-type Wuhan-1 bearing D614G. Serum neutralizing titres against B.1.617.2 were lower in ChAdOx1 vaccinees than in BNT162b2 vaccinees. B.1.617.2 spike pseudotyped viruses exhibited compromised sensitivity to monoclonal antibodies to the receptor-binding domain and the amino-terminal domain. B.1.617.2 demonstrated higher replication efficiency than B.1.1.7 in both airway organoid and human airway epithelial systems, associated with B.1.617.2 spike being in a predominantly cleaved state compared with B.1.1.7 spike. The B.1.617.2 spike protein was able to mediate highly efficient syncytium formation that was less sensitive to inhibition by neutralizing antibody, compared with that of wild-type spike. We also observed that B.1.617.2 had higher replication and spike-mediated entry than B.1.617.1, potentially explaining the B.1.617.2 dominance. In an analysis of more than 130 SARS-CoV-2-infected health care workers across three centres in India during a period of mixed lineage circulation, we observed reduced ChAdOx1 vaccine effectiveness against B.1.617.2 relative to non-B.1.617.2, with the caveat of possible residual confounding. Compromised vaccine efficacy against the highly fit and immune-evasive B.1.617.2 Delta variant warrants continued infection control measures in the post-vaccination era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Mlcochova
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven A Kemp
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Guido Papa
- MRC - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bo Meng
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Isabella A T M Ferreira
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rawlings Datir
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dami A Collier
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- University College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Albecka
- MRC - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sujeet Singh
- National Centre for Disease Control, Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Jonathan Brown
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Swapnil Mishra
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Charles Whittaker
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Mellan
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Robin Marwal
- National Centre for Disease Control, Delhi, India
| | - Meena Datta
- National Centre for Disease Control, Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Adam Abdullahi
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Priti Devi
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | | | - Tom Peacock
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joo Hyeon Lee
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jessica Bassi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian Saliba
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Dora Pinto
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Takashi Irie
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Isao Yoshida
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kei Sato
- Division of Systems Virology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Samir Bhatt
- National Centre for Disease Control, Delhi, India
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Seth Flaxman
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Leo C James
- MRC - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Piccoli
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Wendy S Barclay
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Anurag Agrawal
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India.
| | - Ravindra K Gupta
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.
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3
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Mlcochova P, Kemp SA, Dhar MS, Papa G, Meng B, Ferreira IATM, Datir R, Collier DA, Albecka A, Singh S, Pandey R, Brown J, Zhou J, Goonawardane N, Mishra S, Whittaker C, Mellan T, Marwal R, Datta M, Sengupta S, Ponnusamy K, Radhakrishnan VS, Abdullahi A, Charles O, Chattopadhyay P, Devi P, Caputo D, Peacock T, Wattal C, Goel N, Satwik A, Vaishya R, Agarwal M, Mavousian A, Lee JH, Bassi J, Silacci-Fegni C, Saliba C, Pinto D, Irie T, Yoshida I, Hamilton WL, Sato K, Bhatt S, Flaxman S, James LC, Corti D, Piccoli L, Barclay WS, Rakshit P, Agrawal A, Gupta RK. SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant replication and immune evasion. Nature 2021; 599:114-119. [PMID: 34488225 PMCID: PMC8566220 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03944-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 815] [Impact Index Per Article: 271.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in the state of Maharashtra in late 2020 and spread throughout India, outcompeting pre-existing lineages including B.1.617.1 (Kappa) and B.1.1.7 (Alpha)1. In vitro, B.1.617.2 is sixfold less sensitive to serum neutralizing antibodies from recovered individuals, and eightfold less sensitive to vaccine-elicited antibodies, compared with wild-type Wuhan-1 bearing D614G. Serum neutralizing titres against B.1.617.2 were lower in ChAdOx1 vaccinees than in BNT162b2 vaccinees. B.1.617.2 spike pseudotyped viruses exhibited compromised sensitivity to monoclonal antibodies to the receptor-binding domain and the amino-terminal domain. B.1.617.2 demonstrated higher replication efficiency than B.1.1.7 in both airway organoid and human airway epithelial systems, associated with B.1.617.2 spike being in a predominantly cleaved state compared with B.1.1.7 spike. The B.1.617.2 spike protein was able to mediate highly efficient syncytium formation that was less sensitive to inhibition by neutralizing antibody, compared with that of wild-type spike. We also observed that B.1.617.2 had higher replication and spike-mediated entry than B.1.617.1, potentially explaining the B.1.617.2 dominance. In an analysis of more than 130 SARS-CoV-2-infected health care workers across three centres in India during a period of mixed lineage circulation, we observed reduced ChAdOx1 vaccine effectiveness against B.1.617.2 relative to non-B.1.617.2, with the caveat of possible residual confounding. Compromised vaccine efficacy against the highly fit and immune-evasive B.1.617.2 Delta variant warrants continued infection control measures in the post-vaccination era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Mlcochova
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven A Kemp
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Guido Papa
- MRC - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bo Meng
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Isabella A T M Ferreira
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rawlings Datir
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dami A Collier
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- University College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Albecka
- MRC - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sujeet Singh
- National Centre for Disease Control, Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Jonathan Brown
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Swapnil Mishra
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Charles Whittaker
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Mellan
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Robin Marwal
- National Centre for Disease Control, Delhi, India
| | - Meena Datta
- National Centre for Disease Control, Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Adam Abdullahi
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Priti Devi
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | | | - Tom Peacock
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joo Hyeon Lee
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jessica Bassi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian Saliba
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Dora Pinto
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Takashi Irie
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Isao Yoshida
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kei Sato
- Division of Systems Virology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Samir Bhatt
- National Centre for Disease Control, Delhi, India
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Seth Flaxman
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Leo C James
- MRC - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Piccoli
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Wendy S Barclay
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Anurag Agrawal
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India.
| | - Ravindra K Gupta
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.
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Tie CH, Fernandes L, Conde L, Robbez-Masson L, Sumner RP, Peacock T, Rodriguez-Plata MT, Mickute G, Gifford R, Towers GJ, Herrero J, Rowe HM. KAP1 regulates endogenous retroviruses in adult human cells and contributes to innate immune control. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:e45000. [PMID: 30061100 PMCID: PMC6172469 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201745000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) have accumulated in vertebrate genomes and contribute to the complexity of gene regulation. KAP1 represses ERVs during development by its recruitment to their repetitive sequences through KRAB zinc-finger proteins (KZNFs), but little is known about the regulation of ERVs in adult tissues. We observed that KAP1 repression of HERVK14C was conserved in differentiated human cells and performed KAP1 knockout to obtain an overview of KAP1 function. Our results show that KAP1 represses ERVs (including HERV-T and HERV-S) and ZNF genes, both of which overlap with KAP1 binding sites and H3K9me3 in multiple cell types. Furthermore, this pathway is functionally conserved in adult human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Cytosine methylation that acts on KAP1 regulated loci is necessary to prevent an interferon response, and KAP1-depletion leads to activation of some interferon-stimulated genes. Finally, loss of KAP1 leads to a decrease in H3K9me3 enrichment at ERVs and ZNF genes and an RNA-sensing response mediated through MAVS signaling. These data indicate that the KAP1-KZNF pathway contributes to genome stability and innate immune control in adult human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hc Tie
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Liane Fernandes
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucia Conde
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Rebecca P Sumner
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tom Peacock
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Greta Mickute
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Gifford
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Greg J Towers
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Javier Herrero
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Helen M Rowe
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- T Peacock
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 20139, USA
| | - G Froyland
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - G Haller
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zürich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
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Sarkar R, Jones G, Peacock T, de Ramon Casado A. P216 Lung cancer in young patients: a retrospective study. Thorax 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/thx.2010.151068.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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8
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Stein S, Zoltick B, Peacock T, Holroyde C, Haller D, Armstead B, Malkowicz SB, Vaughn DJ. Phase II trial of toremifene in androgen-independent prostate cancer: a Penn cancer clinical trials group trial. Am J Clin Oncol 2001; 24:283-5. [PMID: 11404501 DOI: 10.1097/00000421-200106000-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Toremifene has antiestrogenic and estrogenic properties in vitro and in vivo. In addition, it may have antiangiogenesis and antimicrotubule properties at higher doses. Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of this agent in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. We performed a phase II trial of toremifene in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC). Patients with an increasing prostate-specific antigen level despite castrate testosterone levels and antiandrogen withdrawal were eligible. Patients could not have received prior salvage hormonal therapy or chemotherapy. Patients received toremifene at 300 mg/m2/d orally (maximum dose 640 mg/d). Fifteen patients were treated. Patients received treatment for a median of 13 weeks (range, 4-30 weeks). The median age was 72 years (range, 58-80 years). The median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 0. The treatment was well tolerated and toxicity was mild. Two patients had grade III hepatic toxicity; one had grade III hyperglycemia. There were no treatment-related deaths. No objective responses were demonstrated. In summary, toremifene is not effective therapy for AIPC at the dose and schedule evaluated in this trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stein
- University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center and the Penn Cancer Clinical Trials Group, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4283, USA
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9
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Elmi F, Peacock T, Schiavone J. Isolated profound thrombocytopenia associated with clopidogrel. J Invasive Cardiol 2000; 12:532-5. [PMID: 11022215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Clopidogrel is a new oral antiplatelet agent with a structure and mechanism of action similar to ticlopidine; they both block the adenosine diphosphate receptor. Because of better side-effect profile and simpler dosing regime, clopidogrel has largely replaced ticlopidine. In fact, the excellent safety and tolerability profile of clopidogrel compares favorably with that of aspirin as documented in the CAPRIE (Clopidogrel versus Aspirin in Patients at Risk of Ischemic Events) study. After marketing, several cases of clopidogrel-associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) were reported. We report our experience with a case of isolated profound thrombocytopenia without evidence of TTP after clopidogrel administration with prompt recovery of platelet counts upon discontinuation of clopidogrel and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Elmi
- Geisinger Medical Center, Cardiology MC 21-60, 100 N. Academy Avenue, Danville, PA 17822, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Mullin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - T. Peacock
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Peacock T, Verhoeve P, Rando N, Erd C, Bavdaz M, Taylor BG, Perez D. Recent developments in superconducting tunnel junctions for
ultraviolet, optical & near infrared astronomy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1051/aas:1998116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Abstract
Gastroduodenal injury induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is common. As yet, the ideal means to prevent NSAID-related mucosal injury remains controversial. Antacids are effective agents in treating gastric and duodenal ulcers unrelated to NSAIDs. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of a low-dose antacid to prevent NSAID injury in humans. Fifty healthy human volunteers were studied using a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover design. After initial endoscopy, subjects were randomized to either Maalox TC (1 tablet q.i.d., acid neutralizing capacity of 104 mEq/day) or identical placebo while receiving 500 mg of naproxen b.i.d. for 21 days. After this period, a second endoscopy was performed to count antral and duodenal erosions and to evaluate symptoms and compliance with study medications. A 21-day washout period ensued, followed by a third endoscopy to insure a return to endoscopically normal mucosa. Subjects then crossed over into the alternate treatment arm for a further 21 days, followed by a fourth endoscopy to assess erosions. Forty subjects completed the study. Subjects receiving Maalox TC developed a significantly greater number of gastric erosions than did those on placebo. While this result was unforeseen, it is supported by statistical analysis and may have clinical relevance in regard to short-term NSAID therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sievert
- Monash University Department of Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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