Effects of sodium benzoate on the complications of 1.5% glycine solution using two different intravesical pressures during bladder irrigation

BACKGROUND

In this experimental study we researched the effects of sodium benzoate on the complications of 1.5% glycine solution using with two different intravesical pressures during bladder irrigation.

METHODS

Thirty-six male adult New Zealand rabbits with body weight ranging from 1500 to 2800 g were used in the experiments. The rabbits were randomly allocated to four groups. In groups 1 and 2, 500 ml of 1.5% gylcine was used as irrigating fluid during 30 min, but only group 2 received 500 mg kg(-1) of sodium benzoate treatment by oral route immediately after irrigation. In groups 3 and 4, 500 ml of 1.5% glycine was used as irrigating fluid during 60 min, but only group 4 received the same treatment as group 2. Ammonia, urea, sodium, potassium, hemoglobin, hemotocrit and platelet levels were studied at preirrigation and postirrigation on the 4 h and 24 h. Also electrocardiographic (ECG) changes were monitored at the same time with blood parameters.

RESULTS

At 4 h postirrigation, Na+ levels were decreased significantly in group 1 and non-significantly in group 3 when compared with preirrigation levels. But these levels were not changed in groups 2 and 4. Both at 4 h and 24 h, ammonia and urea levels were significantly increased in groups 1 and 3. Ammonia level was decreased but the urea level was not changed in groups 2 and 4 at the same time points. K+ level was significantly changed only in group 1 at 4 h and 24 h. Hemoglobin and hemotocrit concentrations were decreased both at 4 h and 24 h compared with preirrigation levels in all groups. Also there were ECG changes between the treated and untreated groups.

CONCLUSION

Sodium benzoate was very effective against the complications of 1.5% glycine during bladder irrigation experimentally. But this needs further investigation, especially for the applicability of this new treatment model in human TURP syndrome.

Preoperative fasting improves survival after 90% hepatectomy

OBJECTIVE

To assess whether alterations in preoperative fatty acid oxidation and gluconeogenesis induced by fasting will affect survival and liver regeneration following 90% hepatectomy in the rat.

DESIGN

In a randomized, controlled trial, Wistar rats (N = 157) were separated into two groups. Rats in the first group fasted for 24 hours. Rats in the second group were allowed to eat ad libitum until the time of operation. These groups were further randomized to receive either 20% glucose or tap water ad libitum postoperatively.

INTERVENTIONS

Ninety percent hepatectomy; 24-hour fast; 5% glucose feeding.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Survival, DNA synthesis in the hepatic remnant along with glucokinase activity (GKA) and glycogen content, serum ketone bodies (KB), free fatty acid (FFA), glucose, and ad libitum glucose consumption (GC) were serially quantified.

RESULTS

Fasting rats that were offered glucose (fasted/glucose) after hepatectomy demonstrated better survival at 48 hours than the rats that were fed before the procedure and given glucose following hepatectomy (fed/glucose), 95% vs 52% (P < .05). The fasted/glucose group also had a greater peak rate of DNA synthesis (550 +/- 110 vs 275 +/- 40 disintegrations per minute per 0.001 mg of DNA, P < .05). Survival was poor in both groups when only tap water was offered to the animals after hepatectomy (31% vs 12%). In the fasted/glucose group, GC 1 hour after hepatectomy was greater than that for fed rats (1.3 +/- 0.175 vs 0.73 +/- 0.176 g/h, P < .05), yet GKA was suppressed (3.4 +/- 0.42 vs 8.05 +/- 2.77 nmol/min per milligrams of protein, P < .05). Fasting before hepatectomy and consuming glucose after causes elevations in both FFA (1.26 +/- 0.19 vs 0.82 +/- 0.13 mol/mL., P < .05) and KB (18.96 +/- 2.82 vs 11.4 +/- 3.94 mmol/mL, P < .05). Normal glucose was maintained in the fasted/glucose group, but fell to 63 +/- 14 mg/dL at 8 hours after hepatectomy in the fed/glucose group.

CONCLUSIONS

Fasting before hepatectomy shifts energy utilization to fat oxidation and gluconeogenesis, which appears to ameliorate liver failure after hepatectomy in this severe model of hepatic resection.