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Siddiqee MH, Bhattacharjee B, Hasan M, Shojon M, Hassan M, Rouf RR, Siddiqi UR, Rabbi F, Siddiqi UR. Risk perception of sun exposure and knowledge of vitamin D among the healthcare providers in a high-risk country: a cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ 2023; 23:46. [PMID: 36670407 PMCID: PMC9862573 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of vitamin D deficiency are commonly reported even in regions with abundant sunshine. This necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the determinants that influence sun exposure practices. As the primary source of health-related knowledge for the general public, the attitude of the healthcare professionals towards sunlight and their awareness related to vitamin D deficiency can be critical in this regard. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2,242 physicians, intern doctors, and senior medical students in Bangladesh from October 2019 to February 2020. A pre-tested structured questionnaire (containing twelve close-ended questions) was used. The perceptions of health risks due to sun exposure, and basic knowledge of the physiological and epidemiological aspects of vitamin D deficiency were tested. RESULTS An overall negative attitude towards sunlight in the context of Bangladesh was highlighted - 68% participants thought regular sun exposure would be harmful or very harmful; 26% thought the level of UV radiation was very high; 44% recommended using sunscreen always; skin burns, heat stroke, and cancer were selected as potential consequences of regular sun exposure by 45%, 21%, and 30% respondents respectively. Overall knowledge regarding vitamin D deficiency appeared to be biased towards bone health; other symptoms and associated illnesses not having obvious link to Calcium-metabolism were identified much lesser frequently. Furthermore, 'sunrise to 10 am' was identified as the best time to get vitamin D by 69% participants; 60% believed < 30 min of weekly sun exposure would be sufficient for the Bangladeshi population; an only 33% identified that prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in Bangladesh would be 50% or more. Taking vitamin D-rich food was suggested by more respondents over regular sun exposure (43% vs. 33%) as more effective remedial strategy to curb vitamin D deficiency in Bangladesh. CONCLUSION In addition to highlighting some crucial knowledge gaps, results from this study provides a comprehensive baseline dataset for knowledge and attitude regarding the public health aspects of vitamin D deficiency among the healthcare providers in Bangladesh, which would be generalizable to other countries with similar socio-demographic context, and will facilitate taking more effective policies worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbubul H Siddiqee
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Microbiology Program, School of Data and Sciences, BRAC University, 1212, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- Research Wing, Red & White Innovations. Mirpur DOHS, 1216, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Badhan Bhattacharjee
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Microbiology Program, School of Data and Sciences, BRAC University, 1212, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Research Wing, Red & White Innovations. Mirpur DOHS, 1216, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahbub Hasan
- Biomedical Research Foundation, 1230, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mehedi Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Analysis, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, 8602, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Rashawan Raziur Rouf
- Biomedical Research Foundation, 1230, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College and Hospital, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Fazlay Rabbi
- Communicable Disease Control (CDC) Unit, Directorate General of Health Services, 1212, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Umme Ruman Siddiqi
- Communicable Disease Control (CDC) Unit, Directorate General of Health Services, 1212, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Siddiqee MH, Bhattacharjee B, Siddiqi UR, Rahman MM. High burden of hypovitaminosis D among the children and adolescents in South Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Health Popul Nutr 2022; 41:10. [PMID: 35300737 PMCID: PMC8929474 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-022-00287-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Vitamin D is vital for the growth and development of children. While deficiency and/or insufficiency of vitamin D among South Asian children are frequently reported in the literature, the lack of a meta-analysis has left its true extent poorly characterized. In this study, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and perform meta-analyses of the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among the children of the South Asian countries. Methods Two major electronic search engines (PubMed and Scopus) and one database (Google scholar) were used; original studies, conducted among South Asian children and adolescents and published between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2019. A random-effect meta-analysis was also performed to calculate the pooled prevalence of hypovitaminosis D followed by subgroup analyses for countries and age groups. Results After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 41 studies with a total population size of 18,233 were finally selected. The overall prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 61% [95% CI: 46% to 71%] with highly significant heterogeneity (I2 = 99.72%; p < 0.0001). The average level of serum vitamin D ranged from 5 ng/mL to 34 ng/mL, with a weighted mean of 19.15 ng/mL (weighted standard deviation 11.59 ng/mL). Country-wise analysis showed that hypovitaminosis D in Afghanistan was the highest [96.2%; 95% CI: 91% to 99%], followed by Pakistan [94%; 95% CI: 90% to 96%], India [64%; 95% CI: 46% to 79%], Bangladesh [35.48%; 95% CI: 32% to 39%], Nepal [35%; 95% CI: 1% to 83%], and Sri Lanka [25%; 95% CI: 16% to 36%]. Age group analyses revealed that hypovitaminosis D was most prevalent among neonates [85%; 95% CI: 76% to 91%], followed by school-going children [57%; 95% CI: 33% to 80%], and preschool children [55%; 95% CI: 35% to 75%]. Conclusion This study generates quantitative evidence and specific extent of hypovitaminosis D in the South Asian countries as a public health concern. Being the first systematic review for this region, results from this study will create awareness and will facilitate adopting mitigation strategies by the policymakers and the governments to address this problem. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41043-022-00287-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbubul H Siddiqee
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Data and Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh. .,Research Wing, Red & White Innovations, Mirpur DOHS, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh.
| | - Badhan Bhattacharjee
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Data and Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.,Research Wing, Red & White Innovations, Mirpur DOHS, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Umme Ruman Siddiqi
- Communicable Disease Control Unit (CDC), Directorate General of Health Services, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
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Rana MS, Jahan AA, Kaisar SG, Siddiqi UR, Sarker S, Begum MIA, Ghosh S, Sarker S, Ahmed BN, Shamsuzzaman AKM. Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions about rabies among the people in the community, healthcare professionals and veterinary practitioners in Bangladesh. One Health 2021; 13:100308. [PMID: 34458544 PMCID: PMC8379336 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It is crucial to explore knowledge, attitudes and perceptions (KAP) about rabies among the people in the community, the personnel dealing with animal bite management and suspected rabies patients, including humans and animals, to facilitate intervention in improving rabies elimination strategies. In 2016, we conducted an interactive face-to-face survey in three different districts of Bangladesh to understand the extent of KAP towards rabies in the community peoples (CPs), human healthcare professionals (HCPs) and veterinary practitioners (VPs). A set of prescribed questions was employed to measure what proportion of each group possessed sufficient knowledge, positive attitudes and adequate perceptions about rabies. A total of 1133 CPs, 211 HCPs and 168 VPs were interviewed by using a standard questionnaire comprising both closed and open-ended questions. Of the CPs, 49% identified the disease correctly (i.e. rabies is caused by an animal bite or a scratch). Only 29% of the CPs were aware that a wound should be washed immediately with soap and water after an animal bite or a scratch. However, only 49% of the CPs, 65% of the HCPs and 60% of the VPs felt that it is important to consult a physician and receive post-exposure vaccine as the first line of treatment following an animal exposure. Among the HCPs, 23% of the respondents did not possess sufficient knowledge about animal bites as categorised by the World Health Organization (WHO), and 12% of the respondents did not possess the knowledge on how to manage an animal bite properly. Out of 52% of the VPs who previously treated suspected rabid animals, only 29% had a history of taking rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Lack of formal education and rural subsistence were found to largely contribute to poor rabies KAP level among the CPs (P ≤ 0.01). There has been a high demand for proper training to be provided to HCPs and VPs for the effective management of an animal bite incidence in human and animals, respectively. Multi-sectoral collaboration through integrated One Health initiatives including community education, awareness programmes, facilitation of rabies PEP, and dog vaccination as well as its population control are critical in the way forward to control rabies in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sohel Rana
- Communicable Disease Control (CDC), Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
- Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Afsana Akter Jahan
- Communicable Disease Control (CDC), Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - S.M. Golam Kaisar
- Communicable Disease Control (CDC), Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Umme Ruman Siddiqi
- Communicable Disease Control (CDC), Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Subir Sarker
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Mst Ismat Ara Begum
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Sumon Ghosh
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Sudeb Sarker
- Communicable Disease Control (CDC), Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
- Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Be-Nazir Ahmed
- Communicable Disease Control (CDC), Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Abul Khair Mohammad Shamsuzzaman
- Communicable Disease Control (CDC), Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
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Siddiqee MH, Bhattacharjee B, Siddiqi UR, MeshbahurRahman M. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among the South Asian adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1823. [PMID: 34627207 PMCID: PMC8501935 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11888-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin-D deficiency is linked to a wide range of chronic and infectious diseases. Body of literature suggested that the prevalence of this deficiency can have geographical variation. Although vitamin D deficiency is frequently reported in the South Asian population, the scarcity of systematic reviews and meta-analysis means the true extent of the disease and the underlying factors causing it are poorly characterized. Methods A systematic search was performed using two databases (PubMed and Scopus) and one search engine (Google Scholar) for original studies on the South Asian population (published from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2019). Following the search, a random effect meta-analysis was performed to calculate population-level weighted average, the pooled prevalence of deficiency, and heterogeneity of vitamin D among different countries and genders; in addition to South Asia as a whole. Results Our study, based on our selection criteria was narrowed down to a total of 44,717 participants; which spanned over 65 studies from five South Asian countries. Overall, the pooled prevalence of deficiency was 68% [95% CI: 64 to 72%] with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 98%; p = 0.00). The average level of vitamin D ranged from 4.7 to 32 ng/mL, with a weighted mean of 19.15 ng/mL (weighted standard deviation 11.59 ng/mL). The highest prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was found in Pakistan (73%;95% CI: 63 to 83%) followed by Bangladesh (67%; 95% CI: 50 to 83%), India (67%; 95% CI: 61 to 73%), Nepal (57%; 95% CI: 53 to 60%) and Sri Lanka (48%; 95% CI: 41 to 55%), respectively. This finding indicated a high degree of heterogeneity among the population. (I2 = 98.76%), Furthermore, a gender-wise analysis suggested that in South Asia, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was higher in females than males. Conclusion Our findings reveal highly prevalent and variable vitamin D deficiency among the adults of different South Asian countries. Findings from this review would be helpful to generate hypotheses and explore the factors affecting the inter-country variability, alongside strengthening evidence for governments to prioritize mitigation strategies in this region. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11888-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbubul H Siddiqee
- School of Data and Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh. .,Research and Development Wing, Red and White Innovations, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh.
| | - Badhan Bhattacharjee
- School of Data and Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.,Research and Development Wing, Red and White Innovations, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Umme Ruman Siddiqi
- Communicable Disease Control Unit, Directorate General of Health Services, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
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Rana MS, Siddiqi UR, Ghosh S, Jahan AA, Islam MK, Ali Shah MR, Ullah SM, Ali SE, Ahmed BN, Shamsuzzaman AKM. Epidemiological study of human rabies cases in Bangladesh through verbal autopsy. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05521. [PMID: 33251369 PMCID: PMC7679256 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of risk factors is crucial to find ways to reduce rabies deaths. We investigated the hospital records of rabies deceased through contact tracing of the relatives of the victims using enhanced verbal autopsies (VA) to identify why the people had to die from rabies in recent years in Bangladesh. Patients whose deaths were confirmed by physicians based on the history of animal exposure and clinical signs were taken into account for VA. Socio-demographic profile of the deceased, animal exposure, nature of the wound, and history of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) data were obtained and analysed. The study found 256 cases in which the cause of death was attributed to rabies, most of the victims were male (71.88%), resided in the rural community (80.47%), dependent (49.22%), and children below the age of 15 years (47.27%). Dogs were the single most responsible (81.64%); however, cats (12.11%), jackals (3.91%) and mongoose (2.34%) were also found accountable for rabies incidence (P < 0.05). Significantly, limbs were the most common (67.97%) site of exposure, and the shortest incubation period was identified in the case of bites to head and face (P < 0.05). The majority (86.72%) of the deceased did not receive any PEP; whereas, 66.80% sought treatment from traditional healers. Among the deceased (13.28%, n = 34) who had received PEP, only 8.82% of them completed the full course of the vaccination regimen (P < 0.01); however, none of them had history of taking rabies immunoglobulin (RIG). The study recommends extensive public health awareness programs in the rural community and establishing methods to improve healthcare-seeking behaviours, including receiving PEP instead of visiting traditional healers. Moreover, the availability and accessibility of PEP in the government hospital facilities are desirable, and laboratory-based surveillance with compatible rapid data reporting may be incorporated in the existing policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sohel Rana
- Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh
- Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Bangladesh
| | - Umme Ruman Siddiqi
- Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh
| | - Sumon Ghosh
- Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Afsana Akter Jahan
- Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kamrul Islam
- Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rashed Ali Shah
- Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh
| | - Sayed Mohammed Ullah
- Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh
| | - S.M. Emran Ali
- Infectious Disease Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Be-Nazir Ahmed
- Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh
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Mujibur Rahaman M, Siddiqi UR, Sabuj AAM, Ahmed BN, Tahmina S, Faruque MR, Ghosh S, Uddin N. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of a local community towards the prevention and control of rabies in Gaibandha, Bangladesh. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020; 7:414-420. [PMID: 33005666 PMCID: PMC7521811 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2020.g436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of rabies in the community are essential for developing post-exposure behavioral treatment and for understanding current prevention and control policy on rabies. This was a cross-sectional study in Gaibandha Sadar, a northern district of Bangladesh, investigating the level of KAP about rabies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 368 interviewed respondents, of whom 280 (76.09%) were male, and 88 (23.91%) were female. A structured questionnaire was used for the data collection from respondents on socio-demographic information and KAP regarding rabies. The data analyzed with STATA-IC-11.0 and the association of independent variables with rabies KAP scores were calculated using Pearson's Chi-square. RESULTS Most respondents had adequate KAP levels and positive thoughts on rabies prevention. The KAP scores were strongly associated with education and employment status (p < 0.05). Most respondents said that stray dogs are a headache in the area and believed that control of the dog population in Gaibandha is essential. CONCLUSION These outcomes also revealed that there is an information gap about rabies that might improve by developing an education program for awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mujibur Rahaman
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
- Disease Control Division, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Umme Ruman Siddiqi
- Disease Control Division, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Momen Sabuj
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Be-Nazir Ahmed
- Disease Control Division, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sanya Tahmina
- Disease Control Division, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rayhan Faruque
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Sumon Ghosh
- Emerging Infections Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nasir Uddin
- Centre for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China
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Bonwitt J, Bonaparte S, Blanton J, Gibson AD, Hoque M, Kennedy E, Islam K, Siddiqi UR, Wallace RM, Azam S. Oral bait preferences and feasibility of oral rabies vaccination in Bangladeshi dogs. Vaccine 2020; 38:5021-5026. [PMID: 32513512 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Oral rabies vaccination (ORV) can increase rabies vaccination coverage among dogs that are inaccessible to parenteral vaccination (i.e., inaccessible dogs). Because bait uptake can differ according to the bait attractant used and dog characteristics, we evaluated proportion of bait uptake and time to bait uptake using three bait formulations. We looked for associations between bait uptake and dog characteristics (temperament, age, and body condition) and assessed the efficiency of using these bait formulations, as measured by number of dogs vaccinated per hour. A total of 356 baits were offered to free roaming dogs in urban and peri-urban districts of Bangladesh. Fish baits were ignored by 86% (n = 122; 95% CI: 79-91%) of dogs, whereas 60% (n = 45; 95% CI: 49-70%) consumed egg baits and 89% (n = 124; 95% CI: 83-93%) consumed intestine baits. Among the consumed baits, dogs fully consumed 56% (n = 10; 95% CI: 34-75%) of fish baits, 84% (n = 38; 95% CI: 71-92%) of egg baits, and 98% (n = 122; 95% CI: 94-100%) of intestine baits. Among inaccessible dogs, no associations were found between bait uptake and dog characteristics in either bivariate or multivariate analyses. Bait consumption averaged 2 dogs per hour for fish baits, 10 dogs per hour for egg baits, and 18 dogs per hour for intestine baits. The absence of association between bait type preference and individual dog characteristics simplifies the process of choosing attractants for oral rabies vaccines. While intestine attractants achieved highest uptake, egg baits may prove a suitable compromise when considering biological and operational constraints. The efficiency of ORV was demonstrated when compared to parenteral vaccination of free-roaming dogs previously described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Bonwitt
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom.
| | - Sarah Bonaparte
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; ORISE Fellow, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jesse Blanton
- Divison of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew D Gibson
- Mission Rabies, Cranborne, UK; The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Mahbub Hoque
- TEPHINET, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Erin Kennedy
- Global Immunisation Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kamrul Islam
- Zoonotic Disease Control Programme, Communicable Disease Control Unit, Directorate General of Health Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Umme Ruman Siddiqi
- Zoonotic Disease Control Programme, Communicable Disease Control Unit, Directorate General of Health Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ryan M Wallace
- Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shakif Azam
- Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Ghosh S, Rana MS, Islam MK, Chowdhury S, Haider N, Kafi MAH, Ullah SM, Shah MRA, Jahan AA, Mursalin HS, Marma ASP, Ali SME, Hossain S, Bhowmik R, Debnath NC, Shamsuzzaman AKM, Ahmed BN, Siddiqi UR, Jhora ST. Trends and clinico-epidemiological features of human rabies cases in Bangladesh 2006-2018. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2410. [PMID: 32051481 PMCID: PMC7016137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59109-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinating dogs against rabies is an effective means of reducing human rabies. We subjected 1327 clinically diagnosed human rabies death and mass dog vaccination (MDV) data during 2006-2018 to quantify the impacts of MDV on human rabies incidence in Bangladesh and a subset of rabies death data (422) for clinico-epidemiological analysis. A positive and increasing trend of MDV (p = 0.01 and tau = 0.71) and a negative and declining trend (p < 0.001 and tau = -0.88) of human rabies cases (Correlation coefficient: -0.82) have been observed. Among 422 deaths, the majority (78%) of the victims sought treatment from traditional healers, and 12% received post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). The mean incubation period of rabies in cases with exposure sites on the head & neck (35 days) was shorter than the upper limb (mean = 64 days, p = 0.02) and lower limb (mean = 89 days, p < 0.01). MDV has been found to be effective for reducing human rabies cases in Bangladesh. Creating awareness among the animal bite victims to stop reliance on traditional healers rather seeking PEP, addressing the role of traditional healers through awareness education programme with respect to the treatment of dog bites, ensuring availability of PEP, and continuing to scale up MDV may help to prevent human rabies deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumon Ghosh
- Disease Control Unit, Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Sohel Rana
- Disease Control Unit, Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kamrul Islam
- Disease Control Unit, Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sukanta Chowdhury
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Najmul Haider
- Technical University of Denmark, Section for Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institutes, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Sayed Mohammed Ullah
- Disease Control Unit, Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rashed Ali Shah
- Disease Control Unit, Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Afsana Akter Jahan
- Disease Control Unit, Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gono University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Sayedul Mursalin
- Disease Control Unit, Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Aung Swi Prue Marma
- Disease Control Unit, Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S M Emran Ali
- Infectious Disease Hospital, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Rajub Bhowmik
- John Jay College of the City University of New York, 445 W 59th St-10019, New York, USA
| | - Nitish C Debnath
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abul Khair Mohammad Shamsuzzaman
- Disease Control Unit, Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Be-Nazir Ahmed
- Disease Control Unit, Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Umme Ruman Siddiqi
- Disease Control Unit, Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sanya Tahmina Jhora
- Disease Control Unit, Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Matsuba T, Siddiqi UR, Hattori T, Nakajima C, Fujii J, Suzuki Y. Antigenic characterization of dimorphic surface protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2016; 363:fnw082. [PMID: 27190237 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnw082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv0679c protein is a surface protein that contributes to host cell invasion. We previously showed that a single nucleotide transition of the Rv0679c gene leads to a single amino acid substitution from asparagine to lysine at codon 142 in the Beijing genotype family. In this study, we examined the immunological effect of this substitution. Several recombinant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium smegmatis and characterized with antisera and two monoclonal antibodies named 5D4-C2 and 8G10-H2. A significant reduction of antibody binding was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot analysis in the Lys142-type protein. This reduction of 8G10-H2 binding was more significant, with the disappearance of a signal in the proteins expressed by recombinant mycobacteria in western blot analysis. In addition, epitope mapping analysis of the recombinant proteins showed a linear epitope by 5D4-C2 and a discontinuous epitope by 8G10-H2. The antibody recognizing the conformational epitope detected only mycobacterial Asn142-type recombinant protein. Our results suggest that a single amino acid substitution of Rv0679c has potency for antigenic change in Beijing genotype strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matsuba
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Umme Ruman Siddiqi
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University 1-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Toshio Hattori
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University 1-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita 20-Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan The Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Kita 20-Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Jun Fujii
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Kita 20-Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan The Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Kita 20-Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
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10
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Siddiqi UR, Chagan-Yasutan H, Nakajima C, Saitoh H, Ashino Y, Usami O, Shiratori B, Usuzawa M, Suzuki Y, Hattori T. Distinct clinical features in nontuberculous mycobacterial disease with or without latent tuberculosis infection. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2012; 226:313-9. [PMID: 22522388 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.226.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) diseases are in the face of a progressive increase even in immune-competent subjects, and the clinical features of NTM diseases are heterogenous. The decision to institute treatment of the patients should be made after a period of follow up, because therapy is often prolonged, and frequently ineffective. The reasons why some patients develop severe NTM diseases are not clear. Here we observed the involvement of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in clinical and laboratory features of NTM diseases. We evaluated various tuberculosis-related inflammatory markers including osteopontin (OPN), pentraxin-3 (PTX-3), and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in NTM infected patients with or without LTBI. Eight NTM and 5 tuberculosis (TB) patients, and 5 healthy subjects were enrolled. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis confirmed the absence of tuberculosis specific gene (RD1 region), among clinical isolates from NTM patients. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA) using Early Secreted Antigenic Target-6 (ESAT-6) and CFP-10, the RD1-encoded protein, was employed for determining LTBI. IGRA was positive in 4/8 NTM (NTM with LTBI, 50%) and 5/5 TB patients. Only 2 of 4 NTM with LTBI were under chemotherapy among all NTM patients, and others were followed up. The plasma levels of OPN, PTX3 and sIL-2R were significantly higher in NTM patients with LTBI than in those without LTBI (P < 0.05). The two patients under therapy showed the highest OPN levels that persisted after treatment. The increased inflammatory levels in NTM patients with LTBI indicate enhanced inflammatory reaction. Extensive therapy may be necessary in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Ruman Siddiqi
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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11
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Siddiqi UR, Leano PSA, Chagan-Yasutan H, Shiratori B, Saitoh H, Ashino Y, Suzuki Y, Hattori T, Telan EFO. Frequent detection of anti-tubercular-glycolipid-IgG and -IgA antibodies in healthcare workers with latent tuberculosis infection in the Philippines. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:610707. [PMID: 22550534 PMCID: PMC3329196 DOI: 10.1155/2012/610707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Anti-tubercular-glycolipid-IgG (TBGL-IgG) and -IgA (TBGL-IgA) antibodies, and the QuantiFERON-TB Gold test (QFT) were compared in healthcare workers (HCWs, n = 31) and asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-carriers (HIV-AC, n = 56) in Manila. In HCWs, 48%, 51%, and 19% were positive in QFT, TBGL-IgG, and -IgA, respectively. The TBGL-IgG positivity was significantly higher (P = 0.02) in QFT-positive than QFT-negative HCWs. Both TBGL-IgG- and -IgA-positive cases were only found in QFT-positive HCWs (27%). The plasma IFN-γ levels positively correlated with TBGL-IgA titers (r = 0.74, P = 0.005), but not TBGL-IgG titers in this group, indicating that mucosal immunity is involved in LTBI in immunocompetent individuals. The QFT positivity in HIV-AC was 31% in those with CD4+ cell counts >350/μL and 12.5% in low CD4 group (<350/μL). 59 % and 29% were positive for TBGL-IgG and -IgA, respectively, in HIV-AC, but no association was found between QFT and TBGL assays. TBGL-IgG-positive rates in QFT-positive and QFT-negative HIV-AC were 61% and 58%, and those of TBGL-IgA were 23% and 30%, respectively. The titers of TBGL-IgA were associated with serum IgA (P = 0.02) in HIV-AC. Elevations of TBGL-IgG and -IgA were related to latent tuberculosis infection in HCWs, but careful interpretation is necessary in HIV-AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Ruman Siddiqi
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | | | - Haorile Chagan-Yasutan
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Beata Shiratori
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hiroki Saitoh
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yugo Ashino
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Department of Global Epidemiology, Research Centre for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshio Hattori
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
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Chagan-Yasutan H, Shiratori B, Siddiqi UR, Saitoh H, Ashino Y, Arikawa T, Hirashima M, Hattori T. The increase of plasma galectin-9 in a patient with insulin allergy: a case report. Clin Mol Allergy 2010; 8:12. [PMID: 20699002 PMCID: PMC2925330 DOI: 10.1186/1476-7961-8-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic reaction to insulin is known to be associated with eosinophilia and hyper IgE. Recent report showed that eosinophilia is related with the increased synthesis of galectin-9 (GAL-9) and osteopontin (OPN). Here, we examined plasma levels of GAL-9 and OPN first time in a case of 65-year old patient with insulin allergy. Insulin aspart & insulin aspart 30 mix were given to the patient and an elevation of the eosinophil count (8440/μl, 17.6 fold) and a moderate increase of IgE (501 U/ml, reference range: 10-350 U/ml), eotaxin-3 (168 pg/ml, 2 fold), histamine (0.95 ng/ml, 5.3 fold) were found 33 days later. The plasma levels of GAL-9 and OPN were 22.5 and 1.7 fold higher than the cut-off point, respectively. After one month cessation of insulin therapy, elevations of the eosinophil count (3,480/μl; 7.3 fold), and OPN (1.4 fold) still occurred but the GAL-9 levels became normal. Therefore, we noted the increases of GAL-9 and OPN in plasma for the first time in a patient with insulin allergy and propose that GAL-9 reflects the conditions of allergy more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haorile Chagan-Yasutan
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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Guio H, Ashino Y, Saitoh H, Siddiqi UR, Mizusawa M, Xiao P, Soto A, Theo A, Hattori T. High Numbers of Interferon-.GAMMA.-Producing T Cells and Low Titers of Anti-Tuberculous Glycolipid Antibody in Individuals with Latent Tuberculosis. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2010; 220:21-5. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.220.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heinner Guio
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
- ALBIOTEC - Asociación Latinoamericana de Biotecnología
| | - Yugo Ashino
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Hiroki Saitoh
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Umme Ruman Siddiqi
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Masako Mizusawa
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Fuchu Hospital
| | - Peng Xiao
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Alonso Soto
- ALBIOTEC - Asociación Latinoamericana de Biotecnología
| | - Andros Theo
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Toshio Hattori
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
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