A comparison of lumbopelvic muscle endurance, stability, mobility, and respiratory functions in children and adolescents with and without nocturnal enuresis

BACKGROUND

Postural deterioration, delayed maturation, and accompanying respiratory diseases in children and adolescents with nocturnal enuresis have been reported in previous studies. This study aimed to compare lumbopelvic muscle endurance, stability, mobility, and respiratory functions in children and adolescents with and without nocturnal enuresis.

METHODS

Children and adolescents with (n:25, nocturnal enuresis group) and without nocturnal enuresis (n:29, control group) were included. The bladder and bowel dysfunctions with the Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction Questionnaire and voiding diary, lumbopelvic muscle endurance with the McGill trunk muscle endurance tests, lumbopelvic stability with the Sahrmann test, lumbopelvic mobility with the Modified Schober test, and respiratory function with a spirometer were assessed. Independent samples t-test, Mann Whitney U test, and Chi-square tests were used for analysis.

FINDINGS

Trunk flexor (p = 0.043), extension (p = 0.045), and right (p = 0.008) and left lateral flexion endurance test scores (sec) (p = 0.005), the Sahrmann test score (p = 0.005), and Modified Schober test (p < 0.001) results were lower in the nocturnal enuresis group compared to the control group. However, there were no differences between groups in terms of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (p = 0.415), forced vital capacity (p = 0.522), forced expiratory volume in 1 s/ forced vital capacity (p = 0.970), and peak expiratory flow values (p = 0.495).

INTERPRETATION

The children and adolescents with nocturnal enuresis had lower lumbopelvic muscle endurance, stability, and mobility compared to those without nocturnal enuresis; however, the respiratory functions were similar. The lumbopelvic structure changes may be taken into consideration for the management of nocturnal enuresis.

The prevalence of childhood psychopathology in Turkey: a cross-sectional multicenter nationwide study (EPICPAT-T)

AIM

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of childhood psychopathologies in Turkey.

METHOD

A nation-wide, randomly selected, representative population of 5830 children (6-13 years-old) enrolled as a 2nd,3rd or 4th grade student in 30 cities were evaluated for presence of a psychiatric or mental disorder by a Sociodemographic Form, Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), and DSM-IV-Based Screening Scale for Disruptive Behavior Disorders in Children and Adolescents scales. Impairment criterion was assessed via a 3 point-Likert scale by the parent and the teacher independently.

RESULTS

Overall prevalence of any psychopathology was 37.6% without impairment criterion, and 17.1% with impairment criterion. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder was the most frequent diagnosis, followed by anxiety (19.5% and 16.7% without impairment, 12.4% and 5.3% with impairment, respectively). Lower education level and presence of a physical or psychiatric problem of the parents were independent predictors of any psychopathology of the offspring.

CONCLUSION

This is the largest and most comprehensive epidemiological study to determine the prevalence of psychopathologies in children and adolescents in Turkey. Our results partly higher than, and partly comparable to previous national and international studies. It also contributes to the literature by determining the independent predictors of psychopathologies in this age group.

Prevalence of Childhood Affective disorders in Turkey: An epidemiological study

AIM

To determine the prevalence of affective disorders in Turkey among a representative sample of Turkish population.

METHODS

This study was conducted as a part of the "The Epidemiology of Childhood Psychopathology in Turkey" (EPICPAT-T) Study, which was designed by the Turkish Association of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. The inclusion criterion was being a student between the second and fourth grades in the schools assigned as study centers. The assessment tools used were the K-SADS-PL, and a sociodemographic form that was designed by the authors. Impairment was assessed via a 3 point-Likert type scale independently rated by a parent and a teacher.

RESULTS

A total of 5842 participants were included in the analyses. The prevalence of affective disorders was 2.5 % without considering impairment and 1.6 % when impairment was taken into account. In our sample, the diagnosis of bipolar disorder was lacking, thus depressive disorders constituted all the cases. Among depressive disorders with impairment, major depressive disorder (MDD) (prevalence of 1.06%) was the most common, followed by dysthymia (prevalence of 0.2%), adjustment disorder with depressive features (prevalence of 0.17%), and depressive disorder-NOS (prevalence of 0.14%). There were no statistically significant gender differences for depression. Maternal psychopathology and paternal physical illness were predictors of affective disorders with pervasive impairment.

CONCLUSION

MDD was the most common depressive disorder among Turkish children in this nationwide epidemiological study. This highlights the severe nature of depression and the importance of early interventions. Populations with maternal psychopathology and paternal physical illness may be the most appropriate targets for interventions to prevent and treat depression in children and adolescents.