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Dračínská H, Indra R, Jelínková S, Černá V, Arlt VM, Stiborová M. Benzo[ a]pyrene-Induced Genotoxicity in Rats Is Affected by Co-Exposure to Sudan I by Altering the Expression of Biotransformation Enzymes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158062. [PMID: 34360828 PMCID: PMC8347376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The environmental pollutant benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a human carcinogen that reacts with DNA after metabolic activation catalysed by cytochromes P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 1B1 together with microsomal epoxide hydrolase. The azo dye Sudan I is a potent inducer of CYP1A1/2. Here, Wistar rats were either treated with single doses of BaP (150 mg/kg bw) or Sudan I (50 mg/kg bw) alone or with both compounds in combination to explore BaP-derived DNA adduct formation in vivo. Using 32P-postlabelling, DNA adducts generated by BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide were found in livers of rats treated with BaP alone or co-exposed to Sudan I. During co-exposure to Sudan I prior to BaP treatment, BaP-DNA adduct levels increased 2.1-fold in comparison to BaP treatment alone. Similarly, hepatic microsomes isolated from rats exposed to Sudan I prior to BaP treatment were also the most effective in generating DNA adducts in vitro with the activated metabolites BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol or BaP-9-ol as intermediates. DNA adduct formation correlated with changes in the expression and/or enzyme activities of CYP1A1, 1A2 and 1B1 in hepatic microsomes. Thus, BaP genotoxicity in rats in vivo appears to be related to the enhanced expression and/or activity of hepatic CYP1A1/2 and 1B1 caused by exposure of rats to the studied compounds. Our results indicate that the industrially employed azo dye Sudan I potentiates the genotoxicity of the human carcinogen BaP, and exposure to both substances at the same time seems to be hazardous to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Dračínská
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.I.); (S.J.); (V.Č.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-221-951-241
| | - Radek Indra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.I.); (S.J.); (V.Č.)
| | - Sandra Jelínková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.I.); (S.J.); (V.Č.)
| | - Věra Černá
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.I.); (S.J.); (V.Č.)
| | | | - Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.I.); (S.J.); (V.Č.)
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Ječmen T, Ptáčková R, Černá V, Dračínská H, Hodek P, Stiborová M, Hudeček J, Šulc M. Photo-initiated crosslinking extends mapping of the protein-protein interface to membrane-embedded portions of cytochromes P450 2B4 and b₅. Methods 2015; 89:128-37. [PMID: 26235815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions play a central role in the regulation of many biochemical processes (e.g. the system participating in enzyme catalysis). Therefore, a deeper understanding of protein-protein interactions may contribute to the elucidation of many biologically important mechanisms. For this purpose, it is necessary to establish the composition and stoichiometry of supramolecular complexes and to identify the crucial portions of the interacting molecules. This study is devoted to structure-functional relationships in the microsomal Mixed Function Oxidase (MFO) complex, which is responsible for biotransformation of many hydrophobic endogenous compounds and xenobiotics. In particular, the cytochrome b5 interaction with MFO terminal oxygenase cytochrome P-450 (P450) was studied. To create photolabile probes suitable for this purpose, we prepared cytochrome b5 which had a photolabile diazirine analog of methionine (pMet) incorporated into the protein sequence, employing recombinant expression in Escherichia coli. In addition to wild-type cytochrome b5, where three methionines (Met) are located at positions 96, 126, and 131, six mutants containing only one Met in the sequence were designed and expressed (see Table 1). In these mutants, a single Met was engineered into the catalytic domain (at positions 23, 41, or 46), into the linker between the protein domains (at position 96), or into the membrane region (at positions 126 or 131). These mutants should confirm or exclude these portions of cytochrome b5 which are involved in the interaction with P450. After UV irradiation, the pMet group(s) in the photolabile cytochrome b5 probe was(were) activated, producing covalent crosslinks with the interacting parts of P450 2B4 in the close vicinity. The covalent complexes were analyzed by the "bottom up" approach with high-accuracy mass spectrometry. The analysis provided an identification of the contacts in the supramolecular complex with low structural resolution. We found that all the above-mentioned cytochrome b5 Met residues can form intermolecular crosslinks and thus participate in the interaction. In addition, our results indicate the existence of at least two P450:cytochrome b5 complexes which differ in the orientation of individual proteins. The results demonstrate the advantages of the photo-initiated crosslinking technique which is able to map the protein-protein interfaces not only in the solvent exposed regions, but also in the membrane-embedded segments (compared to a typical crosslinking approach which generally only identifies crosslinks in solvent exposed regions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Ječmen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Ptáčková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Černá
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Dračínská
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hodek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Hudeček
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Šulc
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Hadrabová J, Majerová B, Černá V, Moserová M, Holuša R, Mandys V, Stiborová M, Stříž I, Hodek P. Chicken immunoglobulins for prophylaxis: Effect of inhaled antibodies on inflammatory parameters in rat airways. J Appl Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Stiborová M, Černá V, Moserová M, Mrízová I, Arlt VM, Frei E. The anticancer drug ellipticine activated with cytochrome P450 mediates DNA damage determining its pharmacological efficiencies: studies with rats, Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Reductase Null (HRN™) mice and pure enzymes. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 16:284-306. [PMID: 25547492 PMCID: PMC4307247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16010284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ellipticine is a DNA-damaging agent acting as a prodrug whose pharmacological efficiencies and genotoxic side effects are dictated by activation with cytochrome P450 (CYP). Over the last decade we have gained extensive experience in using pure enzymes and various animal models that helped to identify CYPs metabolizing ellipticine. In this review we focus on comparison between the in vitro and in vivo studies and show a necessity of both approaches to obtain valid information on CYP enzymes contributing to ellipticine metabolism. Discrepancies were found between the CYP enzymes activating ellipticine to 13-hydroxy- and 12-hydroxyellipticine generating covalent DNA adducts and those detoxifying this drug to 9-hydroxy- and 7-hydroellipticine in vitro and in vivo. In vivo, formation of ellipticine-DNA adducts is dependent not only on expression levels of CYP3A, catalyzing ellipticine activation in vitro, but also on those of CYP1A that oxidize ellipticine in vitro mainly to the detoxification products. The finding showing that cytochrome b5 alters the ratio of ellipticine metabolites generated by CYP1A1/2 and 3A4 explained this paradox. Whereas the detoxification of ellipticine by CYP1A and 3A is either decreased or not changed by cytochrome b5, activation leading to ellipticine-DNA adducts increased considerably. We show that (I) the pharmacological effects of ellipticine mediated by covalent ellipticine-derived DNA adducts are dictated by expression levels of CYP1A, 3A and cytochrome b5, and its own potency to induce these enzymes in tumor tissues, (II) animal models, where levels of CYPs are either knocked out or induced are appropriate to identify CYPs metabolizing ellipticine in vivo, and (III) extrapolation from in vitro data to the situation in vivo is not always possible, confirming the need for these animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Věra Černá
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Michaela Moserová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Iveta Mrízová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environmental & Health, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Eva Frei
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Bořek-Dohalská L, Valášková P, Černá V, Stiborová M. Role of rat cytochromes P450 in the oxidation of 17α-ethinylestradiol. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 38:852-860. [PMID: 25461545 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) is an endocrine disruptor (ED) used as an ingredient of oral contraceptives. Rat hepatic microsomes metabolize EE2 to three products; two of them are hydroxylated EE2 derivatives. Of the hydroxylation reactions, 2-hydroxylation, is the major reaction. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) plays a major role in EE2 hydroxylation. To resolve which rat CYPs are responsible for EE2 oxidation, three approaches were used: induction of specific CYPs, selective inhibition of CYPs, and recombinant rat CYPs. The results demonstrate that EE2 is hydroxylated by several rat CYPs, among them CYP2C6 and 2C11 are most efficient in 2-hydroxy-EE2 formation, while CYP2A and 3A catalyze EE2 hydroxylation to the second product. EE2 is also an inhibitor of CYP2C- and CYP3A-catalyzed hydroxylation of endogenous EDs progesterone and testosterone. EE2 acts as a reversible inhibitor of CYP3A-mediated progesterone 6β-hydroxylation and inactivates CYP3A- and CYP2C-catalyzed testosterone 6β-hydroxylation and progesterone 21- or 16α-hydroxylation, respectively, in a mechanism-based manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bořek-Dohalská
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Valášková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Černá
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Stiborová M, Moserová M, Černá V, Indra R, Dračínský M, Šulc M, Henderson CJ, Wolf CR, Schmeiser HH, Phillips DH, Frei E, Arlt VM. Cytochrome b5 and epoxide hydrolase contribute to benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct formation catalyzed by cytochrome P450 1A1 under low NADPH:P450 oxidoreductase conditions. Toxicology 2014; 318:1-12. [PMID: 24530354 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies we had administered benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) to genetically engineered mice (HRN) which do not express NADPH:cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) in hepatocytes and observed higher DNA adduct levels in livers of these mice than in wild-type mice. To elucidate the reason for this unexpected finding we have used two different settings for in vitro incubations; hepatic microsomes from control and BaP-pretreated HRN mice and reconstituted systems with cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), POR, cytochrome b5, and epoxide hydrolase (mEH) in different ratios. In microsomes from BaP-pretreated mice, in which Cyp1a1 was induced, higher levels of BaP metabolites were formed, mainly of BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol. At a low POR:CYP1A1 ratio of 0.05:1 in the reconstituted system, the amounts of BaP diones and BaP-9-ol formed were essentially the same as at an equimolar ratio, but formation of BaP-3-ol was ∼ 1.6-fold higher. Only after addition of mEH were BaP dihydrodiols found. Two BaP-DNA adducts were formed in the presence of mEH, but only one when CYP1A1 and POR were present alone. At a ratio of POR:CYP1A1 of 0.05:1, addition of cytochrome b5 increased CYP1A1-mediated BaP oxidation to most of its metabolites indicating that cytochrome b5 participates in the electron transfer from NADPH to CYP1A1 required for enzyme activity of this CYP. BaP-9-ol was formed even by CYP1A1 reconstituted with cytochrome b5 without POR. Our results suggest that in livers of HRN mice Cyp1a1, cytochrome b5 and mEH can effectively activate BaP to DNA binding species, even in the presence of very low amounts of POR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Michaela Moserová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Černá
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Indra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i. Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Šulc
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Colin J Henderson
- Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - C Roland Wolf
- Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Heinz H Schmeiser
- Research Group Genetic Alterations in Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David H Phillips
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Frei
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumour Diseases, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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Stiborová M, Indra R, Moserová M, Černá V, Rupertová M, Martínek V, Eckschlager T, Kizek R, Frei E. Cytochrome b5 Increases Cytochrome P450 3A4-Mediated Activation of Anticancer Drug Ellipticine to 13-Hydroxyellipticine Whose Covalent Binding to DNA Is Elevated by Sulfotransferases and N,O-Acetyltransferases. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:1075-85. [DOI: 10.1021/tx3000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University,
Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Indra
- Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University,
Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Moserová
- Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University,
Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Černá
- Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University,
Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Rupertová
- Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University,
Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Martínek
- Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University,
Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Eckschlager
- Department of Pediatric Hematology
and Oncology, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - René Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University,
Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Frei
- Division
of Preventive Oncology,
National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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