Visible light photodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol using nanostructured NaBiS
2: Kinetics, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and electrochemical studies of the photocatalyst.
CHEMOSPHERE 2022;
287:132174. [PMID:
34826902 DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132174]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Removal of the hazardous and endocrine-disrupting 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) from water bodies is crucial to maintain the sanctity of the ecosystem. As a low bandgap material (1.37 eV), NaBiS2 was hydrothermally prepared and used as a potential photocatalyst to degrade 2,4-DCP under visible light irradiation. NaBiS2 appeared to be highly stable and remained structurally undeterred despite thermal variations. With a surface area of 6.69 m2/g, NaBiS2 has enough surface-active sites to adsorb the reactive molecules and exhibit a significant photocatalytic activity. In alkaline pH, the adsorption of 2,4-DCP on NaBiS2 appeared to decrease whereas, the acidic and neutral environments favoured the degradation. An increase in the photocatalyst dosage enhanced the degradation efficiency from 81 to 86 %, because of higher vacant adsorbent sites and the electrostatic attraction between NaBiS2 and 2,4-DCP. The dominant scavengers degraded 2,4-DCP by forming a coordination bond between chlorine's lone pair of electrons and the vacant orbitals of bismuth, following the order hole> OH > singlet oxygen. Being non-toxic to both natural and aquatic systems, NaBiS2 exhibits antifungal properties at higher concentrations. Finally, the electron-rich NaBiS2 is an excellent electrocatalyst that effectively degrades organic pollutants and is a promising material for industrial and environmental applications.
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