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Lebret A, Berton P, Normand V, Messager I, Robert N, Bouchet F, Brissonnier M, Boulbria G. PRRSV detection by qPCR in processing fluids and serum samples collected in a positive stable breeding herd following mass vaccination of sows with a modified live vaccine. Porcine Health Manag 2021; 7:6. [PMID: 33397484 PMCID: PMC7783972 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-020-00186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, in France, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) stabilization protocols have been implemented using mass vaccination with a modified live vaccine (MLV), herd closure and biosecurity measures. Efficient surveillance for PRRSV is essential for generating evidence of absence of viral replication and transmission in pigs. The use of processing fluid (PF) was first described in 2018 in the United States and was demonstrated to provide a higher herd-level sensitivity compared with blood samples (BS) for PRRSV monitoring. In the meantime, data on vertical transmission of MLV viruses are rare even as it is a major concern. Therefore, veterinarians usually wait for several weeks after a sow mass vaccination before starting a stability monitoring. This clinical study was conducted in a PRRSV-stable commercial 1000-sow breed-to-wean farm. This farm suffered from a PRRS outbreak in January 2018. After implementing a stabilisation protocol, this farm was controlled as stable for more than 9 months before the beginning of the study. PF and BS at weaning were collected in four consecutive batches born after a booster sow mass MLV vaccination. We failed to detect PRRSV by qPCR on PF and BS collected in a positive-stable breeding herd after vaccination with ReproCyc® PRRS EU (Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim, Germany).
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Lebret
- Porc. Spective Swine Vet Practice, ZA de Gohélève, 56920 Noyal-Pontivy, France
- rezoolution Pig Consulting Services, ZA de Gohélève, 56920 Noyal-Pontivy, France
| | - P. Berton
- Porc. Spective Swine Vet Practice, ZA de Gohélève, 56920 Noyal-Pontivy, France
| | - V. Normand
- Porc. Spective Swine Vet Practice, ZA de Gohélève, 56920 Noyal-Pontivy, France
- rezoolution Pig Consulting Services, ZA de Gohélève, 56920 Noyal-Pontivy, France
| | - I. Messager
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health France, Swine Bussiness Unit, 16, rue Louis Pasteur, 44119 Treillères, France
| | - N. Robert
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health France, Swine Bussiness Unit, 16, rue Louis Pasteur, 44119 Treillères, France
| | - F. Bouchet
- Porc. Spective Swine Vet Practice, ZA de Gohélève, 56920 Noyal-Pontivy, France
- rezoolution Pig Consulting Services, ZA de Gohélève, 56920 Noyal-Pontivy, France
| | - M. Brissonnier
- Porc. Spective Swine Vet Practice, ZA de Gohélève, 56920 Noyal-Pontivy, France
| | - G. Boulbria
- Porc. Spective Swine Vet Practice, ZA de Gohélève, 56920 Noyal-Pontivy, France
- rezoolution Pig Consulting Services, ZA de Gohélève, 56920 Noyal-Pontivy, France
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Le NDB, Hou S, Tonga GY, Jerri HA, Elci SG, Mizuhara T, Normand V, Benczédi D, Vachet RW, Rotello VM. Nanoparticle probes for quantifying supramolecular determinants of biosurface affinity. Part Part Syst Charact 2017; 34:1700100. [PMID: 30410221 PMCID: PMC6219617 DOI: 10.1002/ppsc.201700100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between macromolecular systems and biosurfaces are complicated by both the complexity of these multivalent interactions and challenges in quantifying affinities. A library of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as multivalent probes is used to quantify biosurface affinity, using hair as a model targeted substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D B Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - S Hou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - G Y Tonga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - H A Jerri
- Firmenich, Inc. 250 Plainsboro Road, Plainsboro, NJ 08536, USA
| | - S G Elci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - T Mizuhara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - V Normand
- Corporate R&D Division, Firmenich SA, P.O. Box 239, CH-1211 Geneva 8, Switzerland
| | - D Benczédi
- Corporate R&D Division, Firmenich SA, P.O. Box 239, CH-1211 Geneva 8, Switzerland
| | - R W Vachet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - V M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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de Denus S, Dubé M, Fouodjio R, Huynh T, Leblanc M, Lepage S, Sheppard R, Giannetti N, Lavoie J, Mansour A, Phillips M, Turgeon J, Provost S, Normand V, Mongrain I, Langlois M, O'Meara E, Ducharme A, Racine N, Guertin M, Tardif J, Rouleau J, White M. A PROSPECTIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF AGTR1 A1166C ON THE NEUROHORMONAL AND HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF CANDESARTAN IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS. Can J Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.07.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Normand V, Perrin H, Auvigne V, Robert N, Laval A. Anaemia in the sow: a cohort study to assess factors with an impact on haemoglobin concentration, and the influence of haemoglobin concentration on the reproductive performance. Vet Rec 2012; 171:350. [PMID: 22874924 DOI: 10.1136/vr.100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to conduct a descriptive study of haemoglobin concentration found on high-prolificacy sows, to study the relationship between the concentration of haemoglobin and body reserves, and to determine whether anaemia is a risk factor for reproductive performance. A cohort of 308 sows from seven farms was followed from the last third of gestation to the confirmation of the following gestation. Haemoglobin concentration was assessed at four stages of the reproductive cycle: seven and four weeks before farrowing, a few days and three weeks after farrowing. Backfat thickness (BFT) was measured at parturition. The results were analysed using linear mixed-effect models. The mean haemoglobin concentration was 108.4 g/l. The mean modellised haemoglobin concentration of parity 1 sows with a BFT of 16 mm, sampled seven weeks before farrowing, was 118 g/l. Haemoglobin concentration of sows of parity 6 or higher was 8.0 g/l lower than those of parity 1 sows (95% confidence interval -11.0 to -5.1). Haemoglobin concentration is lower in sows with a lower BFT, whatever parity rank. There is no evidence of a relation between haemoglobin concentration and the number of total born, stillborn or number of piglets alive at three weeks and the next breeding performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Normand
- Porc.Spective - Chêne Vert Conseil, 32, rue du Gal Quinivet, Pontivy 56300, France.
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Larcinese JP, Avaltroni F, Normand V. Non-Intuitive Separation of Vanilla Compounds Using Rapid Resolution High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2007; 45:629-34. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/45.9.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Ouali L, Léon G, Normand V, Johnsen H, Dyrli A, Schmid R, Benczedi D. Mechanism of Romascone® release from hydrolyzed vinyl acetate nanoparticles: thermogravimetric method. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bouquerand PE, Maio S, Normand V, Singleton S, Atkins D. Swelling and erosion affecting flavor release from glassy particles in water. AIChE J 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.10267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Thermal, mechanical, turbidity, and microscope evidence is provided which strongly suggests molecular interpenetrating network (IPN) formation by mixtures of the bacterial and seaweed polysaccharides gellan and agarose. There is no evidence for synergistic coupling of the networks, and simple phase separation (demixing) can definitely be ruled out. Some changes in the gellan gelling behavior are suggested, however, by the increased gellan effective concentrations implicit in cure curve data. The dependence of this effect on the agarose nominal concentration seems consistent with a previous model that focused on gelling parameters, and changes in these rather than real concentration effects. In large deformation mechanical tests, the influence of agarose added to gellan is to re-enforce the network (higher compression and shear moduli, higher stresses-to-break) without significantly changing the strain to break, or the gellan brittle failure mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Amici
- Unilever Research Colworth, Colworth Laboratory, Shambrook, Bedford MK44 1LQ, U.K
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Abstract
The current study focuses on the effects of the molecular weight on the mechanical behavior of agarose gels. The small strain rheology and large strain deformation/failure behavior of three different molecular weight agarose gels have been examined, with the results expressed in term of molar concentration. For small deformation strains, the gelation temperature at low concentrations and the critical concentration for gel formation are strongly affected by the molecular weight. In addition, the elasticity of the network is also very sensitive to this parameter. It has been demonstrated that the experimental gelation cure curves can be superimposed on a universal gelation master curve, independent of the cure time. This would indicate self-similarity of the network at different scales, irrespective of concentration. A relationship between the elastic modulus and the molecular weight has been extracted from these results, where the molecular weight dependence exhibits a power law exponent of 2.42. For large deformation strains, the Poisson ratio has been estimated to be 0.5 for each of the agarose types examined, which indicates that these gels are incompressible. The strain at failure is largely dependent on the molecular weight, and is essentially independent of the biopolymer concentration. This result highlights the fact that the strain at failure is sensitive to the connectivity distances in the gel network. However, the failure stress and Young's modulus of agarose gels show a dependence on both concentration and molecular weight. The observations regarding Young's modulus are in good agreement with those found for small deformation strain rheology for the shear modulus. One of the primary advantages of using the lowest molecular weight agarose is that higher molar concentrations can be reached (more molecules per unit volume). However, the mechanical response of agarose gels is very sensitive to the molecular weight at fixed molar concentration, and if the present results are extrapolated to very low molecular weight, it can be suggested that below a limiting molecular weight a percolating network will not be formed, as suggested by the Cascade model (Carbohydr. Polym. 1994, 23, 247-251). This speculation is based on the influence of the "connectivity" at long distances, which influences the strain at failure (when the strain at failure is zero, the system is not connective).
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Affiliation(s)
- V Normand
- Unilever Research Colworth, Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, MK44 1LQ, U.K
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Plucknett KP, Pomfret SJ, Normand V, Ferdinando D, Veerman C, Frith WJ, Norton IT. Dynamic experimentation on the confocal laser scanning microscope: application to soft-solid, composite food materials. J Microsc 2001; 201:279-290. [PMID: 11207930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is used to follow the dynamic structural evolution of several phase-separated mixed biopolymer gel composites. Two protein/polysaccharide mixed gel systems were examined: gelatin/maltodextrin and gelatin/agarose. These materials exhibit 'emulsion-like' structures, with included spherical particles of one phase (i.e. polymer A) within a continuous matrix of the second (i.e. polymer B). Compositional control of these materials allows the phase order to be inverted (i.e. polymer B included and polymer A continuous), giving four basic variants for the present composites. Tension and compression mechanical tests were conducted dynamically on the CLSM, with crack/microstructure interactions investigated using a notched compact tension geometry. Gelatin/maltodextrin composites exhibit a 'pseudo-yielding' stress/strain response in both tension and compression, when the gelatin-rich phase is continuous, which was attributed to debonding of the particle/matrix interface. This behaviour is significantly less apparent for both the gelatin/agarose composites, and the maltodextrin continuous gelatin/maltodextrin composites, with these materials responding in a nominally linear elastic manner. Values of the interfacial fracture energy for selected compositions of the two biopolymer systems were determined by 90 degrees peel testing, where a gelatin layer was peeled from either a maltodextrin or agarose substrate. For biopolymer layers 'cast' together, a value of 0.2 +/- 0.2 J m-2 was obtained for the fracture energy of a gelatin/maltodextrin interface, while a significantly higher value of 6.5 +/- 0.2 J m-2 was determined for a gelatin/agarose interface. The interfacial fracture energy of the two mixed systems was also determined following an indirect elastomer composite debonding model. An interfacial fracture energy of approximately 0.25 J m-2 was determined using this approach for the gelatin continuous gelatin/maltodextrin composite, which compares favourably with the value calculated directly by peel testing (i.e. approximately 0.2 J m-2). A somewhat higher value was estimated for the gelatin continuous gelatin/agarose system (1.0-2.0 J m-2), using this model, although there are severe limitations to this approach for this mixed gel system. In the present case, it is believed that the differing mechanical response of the two mixed biopolymer systems, when the gelatin phase is continuous, arises from the order of magnitude difference in interfacial fracture energy. It is postulated that polymer interdiffusion may occur across the interface for the gelatin/agarose system, to a significantly greater extent than for interfaces between gelatin and maltodextrin, resulting in a higher interfacial fracture energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. P. Plucknett
- Unilever Research Laboratory, Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, MK44 1LQ, U.K.; Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Plucknett KP, Pomfret SJ, Normand V, Ferdinando D, Veerman C, Frith WJ, Norton IT. Dynamic experimentation on the confocal laser scanning microscope: application to soft-solid, composite food materials. J Microsc 2001; 201:279-90. [PMID: 11430141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is used to follow the dynamic structural evolution of several phase-separated mixed biopolymer gel composites. Two protein/polysaccharide mixed gel systems were examined: gelatin/maltodextrin and gelatin/agarose. These materials exhibit 'emulsion-like' structures, with included spherical particles of one phase (i.e. polymer A) within a continuous matrix of the second (i.e. polymer B). Compositional control of these materials allows the phase order to be inverted (i.e. polymer B included and polymer A continuous), giving four basic variants for the present composites. Tension and compression mechanical tests were conducted dynamically on the CLSM, with crack/microstructure interactions investigated using a notched compact tension geometry. Gelatin/maltodextrin composites exhibit a 'pseudo-yielding' stress/strain response in both tension and compression, when the gelatin-rich phase is continuous, which was attributed to debonding of the particle/matrix interface. This behaviour is significantly less apparent for both the gelatin/agarose composites, and the maltodextrin continuous gelatin/maltodextrin composites, with these materials responding in a nominally linear elastic manner. Values of the interfacial fracture energy for selected compositions of the two biopolymer systems were determined by 90 degrees peel testing, where a gelatin layer was peeled from either a maltodextrin or agarose substrate. For biopolymer layers 'cast' together, a value of 0.2 +/- 0.2 J m-2 was obtained for the fracture energy of a gelatin/maltodextrin interface, while a significantly higher value of 6.5 +/- 0.2 J m-2 was determined for a gelatin/agarose interface. The interfacial fracture energy of the two mixed systems was also determined following an indirect elastomer composite debonding model. An interfacial fracture energy of approximately 0.25 J m-2 was determined using this approach for the gelatin continuous gelatin/maltodextrin composite, which compares favourably with the value calculated directly by peel testing (i.e. approximately 0.2 J m-2). A somewhat higher value was estimated for the gelatin continuous gelatin/agarose system (1.0-2.0 J m-2), using this model, although there are severe limitations to this approach for this mixed gel system. In the present case, it is believed that the differing mechanical response of the two mixed biopolymer systems, when the gelatin phase is continuous, arises from the order of magnitude difference in interfacial fracture energy. It is postulated that polymer interdiffusion may occur across the interface for the gelatin/agarose system, to a significantly greater extent than for interfaces between gelatin and maltodextrin, resulting in a higher interfacial fracture energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Plucknett
- Unilever Research Laboratory, Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, MK44 1LQ, U.K.
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Plucknett KP, Pomfret SJ, Normand V, Ferdinando D, Veerman C, Frith WJ, Norton IT. Dynamic experimentation on the confocal laser scanning microscope: application to soft-solid, composite food materials. J Microsc 2001. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2818.2001.00837.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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