Skin manifestations of COVID-19 in children: Part 1.
Clin Exp Dermatol 2020;
46:444-450. [PMID:
33180982 PMCID:
PMC9275402 DOI:
10.1111/ced.14481]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The current COVID‐19 pandemic is caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 coronavirus. The initial
recognized symptoms were respiratory, sometimes culminating in severe respiratory distress
requiring ventilation, and causing death in a percentage of those infected. As time has
passed, other symptoms have been recognized. The initial reports of cutaneous
manifestations were from Italian dermatologists, probably because Italy was the first
European country to be heavily affected by the pandemic. The overall clinical
presentation, course and outcome of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children differ from those in
adults as do the cutaneous manifestations of childhood. In this review, we summarize the
current knowledge on the cutaneous manifestations of COVID‐19 in children after thorough
and critical review of articles published in the literature and from the personal
experience of a large panel of paediatric dermatologists in Europe. In Part 1, we discuss
one of the first and most widespread cutaneous manifestation of COVID‐19, chilblain‐like
lesions. In Part 2, we review other manifestations, including erythema multiforme,
urticaria and Kawasaki disease‐like inflammatory multisystemic syndrome, while in Part 3,
we discuss the histological findings of COVID‐19 manifestations, and the testing and
management of infected children, for both COVID‐19 and any other pre‐existing
conditions.
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