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Garzoli S, Vaglia V, Iriti M, Vitalini S. Vapor and Liquid Phase Profiles of Essential Oils from Abies, Picea and Pinus Species and Their Phytotoxic Interactions with Weed Growth in Pre- and Post-Emergence Conditions. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1172. [PMID: 36904031 PMCID: PMC10007276 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The chemical content of essential oils (EO) obtained from the leaves of four Pinaceae (Abies alba, Picea abies, Pinus cembra and Pinus mugo) was investigated by SPME-GC-MS technique. The vapor phase was characterized by the monoterpenes with values higher than 95.0%. Among them, α-pinene (24.7-48.5%), limonene (17.2-33.1%) and β-myrcene (9.2-27.8%) were the most abundant. The monoterpenic fraction prevailed over the sesquiterpenic one (≥74.7%) in the EO liquid phase. Limonene was the major compound in A. alba (30.4%), P. abies (20.3%) and P. mugo (78.5%), while α-pinene in P. cembra (36.2%). Regarding the phytotoxic properties, EOs were studied at different doses (2-100 μL) and concentrations (2-20/100 μL/mL). All EOs were found to be significantly active (p-value ˂ 0.05) against the two recipient species in a dose-dependent way. In pre-emergence tests, germination of Lolium multiflorum and Sinapis alba was reduced by up to 62-66% and 65-82%, respectively, as well as their growth by up to 60-74% and 65-67%, due to the effects of compounds in both the vapor and liquid phases. In post-emergence conditions, at the highest concentration, the phytotoxicity of EOs caused heavy symptoms and, in the case of S. alba, A. alba EO completely destroyed (100%) the treated seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Vaglia
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Sara Vitalini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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Vaglia V, Bacenetti J, Orlando F, Alali S, Bosso E, Bocchi S. The environmental impacts of different organic rice management in Italy considering different productive scenarios. Sci Total Environ 2022; 853:158365. [PMID: 36057306 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rice cultivation has a key role in food security worldwide; on the other hand, it has a high potential impact on the environment and human health, mainly due to the extensive pesticides use and greenhouse gas emissions caused by flooded cultivation. In Italy, the rice sector based mainly on high-input monoculture. The transition toward organic agriculture can improve the environmental performance of rice farming according to the actual European sustainable food production strategy. Through LCA methodology, the study aims to evaluate the variability of the environmental impacts and the mitigation potential of four management strategies suitable for organic rice production in North Italy and two production potential levels observed during three-year monitoring on 10 farms in the study area. The LCA analysis includes the wide range of agronomic realities that characterise this farming system, assessing the variation in environmental performance by exploring eight plausible and possible scenarios for organic rice. Results suggest a considerable potential of organic rice production to mitigate its impact on natural resources, depending on the chosen agricultural practices. In particular, six LCA indicators showed a potential of reduction over 40 %, shifting from the worst-performing management to the better one. Finally, the large variability of climate change impacts assessed, both in this study and in literature, is due to the corresponding existing large variability in terms of yield and available patterns of agricultural practices. Today the farmers could reach acceptable yield values thanks to more efficient management than in the past. The acknowledgement for that performances relates to the development of the farmers' know-how and to the productive improvement connected to the long-term processes which characterise the organic systems (e.g. generation of soil fertility based on biological fertility and stable humus components; lowering of weeds pressure through the gradual introduction of other crops in rotation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Vaglia
- Università Degli Studi di Milano, Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Via Celoria 2, Milano, MI 20133, Italy
| | - Jacopo Bacenetti
- Università Degli Studi di Milano, Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Via Celoria 2, Milano, MI 20133, Italy.
| | | | - Sumer Alali
- University of Brescia, Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics (DICATAM), Agrofood Research Hub, via Branze 43, Brescia, BR 25123, Italy
| | - Ezio Bosso
- Università Degli Studi di Milano, Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Via Celoria 2, Milano, MI 20133, Italy
| | - Stefano Bocchi
- Università Degli Studi di Milano, Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Via Celoria 2, Milano, MI 20133, Italy
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Bresciani A, Vaglia V, Saitta F, Fessas D, Casiraghi MC, Erba D, Pagani MA, Lee JY, Kang JW, Ko JM, Bocchi S, Cho JH, Marti A. High-amylose and Tongil type Korean rice varieties: physical properties, cooking behaviour and starch digestibility. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:681-690. [PMID: 35646411 PMCID: PMC9133276 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA) of Korea is presently developing new rice varieties suitable for producing Western rice-based foods, such as risotto, a well-known Italian-style product. The study considered different milled rice from five Tongil-type and six Japonica-type varieties. Besides the biometric properties, cooking behaviour, starch properties, and in vitro digestibility of Korean rice samples were compared with those of the 'Carnaroli' Italian variety. The physicochemical traits of the Korean varieties extended over a vast range; the amylose content stood out (from 13.0 to 41.7%), influencing the hardness and stickiness of cooked samples, and their starch digestibility. Although none of the Korean varieties seemed to guarantee cooking performances for risotto similar to the 'Carnaroli' one, 'Saemimyeon' and 'Shingil' cvs were judged the best for this purpose up-to-now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bresciani
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Vaglia
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (DESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Saitta
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Dimitrios Fessas
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Casiraghi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Erba
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Ambrogina Pagani
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ji Yoon Lee
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, Miryang, 50424 Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Won Kang
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, Miryang, 50424 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Ko
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Stefano Bocchi
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (DESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Jun Hyeon Cho
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, Miryang, 50424 Republic of Korea
- Sangju Substation, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Sangju, 37139 Republic of Korea
| | - Alessandra Marti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Vitalini S, Orlando F, Palmioli A, Alali S, Airoldi C, De Noni I, Vaglia V, Bocchi S, Iriti M. Correction to: Different phytotoxic effect of Lolium multiflorum Lam. leaves against Echinochloa oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch and Oryza sativa L. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:35870. [PMID: 32681323 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10140-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the title, it should be Oryza instead of Oriza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vitalini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesca Orlando
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMMT), Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmioli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, BioOrgNMR Lab, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Sumer Alali
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Airoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, BioOrgNMR Lab, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivano De Noni
- Department of Food, Enviromental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Vaglia
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Bocchi
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Vitalini S, Orlando F, Palmioli A, Alali S, Airoldi C, De Noni I, Vaglia V, Bocchi S, Iriti M. Different phytotoxic effect of Lolium multiflorum Lam. leaves against Echinochloa oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch and Oryza sativa L. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:33204-33214. [PMID: 32529618 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rice cultivation, particularly prone to weed issues, requires practices able to effectively control them, however reducing the use of herbicides, responsible for damage to human health and ecosystem sustainability. Alternative strategies for weed management can be based on plant-plant interaction phenomena. In this context, a group of organic farmers has developed a pragmatic approach for weed containment using Lolium multiflorum Lam. as a cover crop before rice. The present study aimed to confirm the farmer field observations reporting a preferential inhibitory effect of L. multiflorum on Echinochloa oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch, one of the most yield-damaging rice weed, compared with Oryza sativa L. The study showed that L. multiflorum was able to significantly reduce the seed germination of E. oryzoides. It was found to be more susceptible than O. sativa both to the effect of the aqueous extract and powder of L. multiflorum leaves (23-79% vs. 3-57% and 26-100% vs. 23-31%, respectively). In addition, the leaf extract was able to affect E. oryzoides growth starting from 20% concentration both in relation to the root and shoot length while O. sativa exhibited differences compared with the control only under the influence of extract 50%. The L. multiflorum leaf characterization by NMR and UPLC-HR-MS analyses led to the identification of 35 compounds including several polyphenols, glycosyl flavonoids and glycosyl terpenoids, as well as different amino acids and organic acids. Some of them (e.g. protocatechuic and gallic acids) are already known as allelochemicals confirming that L. multiflorum is a source of plant growth inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vitalini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Francesca Orlando
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMMT), Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmioli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, BioOrgNMR Lab, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Sumer Alali
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Airoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, BioOrgNMR Lab, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivano De Noni
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Vaglia
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Bocchi
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Vitalini S, Orlando F, Vaglia V, Bocchi S, Iriti M. Potential Role of Lolium multiflorum Lam. in the Management of Rice Weeds. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9030324. [PMID: 32143343 PMCID: PMC7154922 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The phytotoxic relationships between crops and weeds can cover a role in weed management, reducing the use of chemical herbicides. Starting from the organic farmers’ experience, the study aimed to define the inhibitory action of Lolium multiflorum Lam., used as a cover crop before rice sowing, against Echinochloa oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch, one of the main rice weeds. In vitro 7-day assays were carried out in Petri dishes to compare the effect of different L. multiflorum Lam. parts, in the form of aqueous extract or powder, on the seed germination and seedling growth of Oryza sativa L. and E. oryzoides and to verify the hypothesis of a higher susceptibility of the weed. The total polyphenolic content, as the potential source of allelochemicals, in the L. multiflorum parts was measured. The results showed that both species suffer the phytotoxic action of L. multiflorum, but a more marked effect against E. oryzoides was recorded. In according with the polyphenol quantities, stem and inflorescence extracts showed the more significant species-specific inhibition. In all assays, the weed showed a stronger reduction in the root length and seedling vigor index, and, in some cases, also in the germination percentage and shoot length compared to rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vitalini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (M.I.)
| | - Francesca Orlando
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMMT), Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Valentina Vaglia
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.V.); (S.B.)
| | - Stefano Bocchi
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.V.); (S.B.)
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (M.I.)
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