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Alves FL, Pinheiro LM, Bueno C, Agostini VO, Perez L, Fernandes EHL, Weschenfelder J, Leonhardt A, Domingues M, Pinho GLL, García-Rodríguez F. The use of microplastics as a reliable chronological marker of the Anthropocene onset in Southeastern South America. Sci Total Environ 2023; 857:159633. [PMID: 36280064 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) represent an emergent contamination marker. For this reason, we analyzed the vertical distribution of MPs in six sediment cores retrieved from the Patos-Mirim System, the world's largest coastal lagoonal system. The sediment cores span from mid Holocene to present times according to both radiocarbon and lead dating and are located close to both urban/industrial and agricultural regions. We identified a basal pre-disturbance MP-free zone in all cores and an uppermost contaminated 70-cm-zone, where a general increasing trend in MPs content resembling the human anthropization process was recorded. The predominant format of MPs was fiber, followed by fragments. The most commonly identified polymers were rayon, PVC, acrylate, polycarbonate and cellophane. Urban/industrial and agricultural activities were shown as clear sources of MPs, leading to comparable MPs concentration values in the sediment cores. Thus, MPs are collectively a reliable indicator of the Anthropocene onset, and in the Patos-Mirim System the most appropriate chronology can be assigned to the beginning of 1970s, matching the intensification of anthropogenic activities in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Alves
- Instituto de Oceanografia - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - L M Pinheiro
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - C Bueno
- Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República, Rocha, Uruguay
| | - V O Agostini
- Regenera Moléculas do Mar, Prédio 43421, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 - 117 - Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - L Perez
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - E H L Fernandes
- Instituto de Oceanografia - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - J Weschenfelder
- Centro de Estudos de Geologia Costeira e Oceânica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - A Leonhardt
- Instituto de Oceanografia - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - M Domingues
- Instituto de Ciências Humanas e da Informação (ICHI), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - G L L Pinho
- Instituto de Oceanografia - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - F García-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Oceanografia - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom.
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Agostini VO, Ozorio CP. Biofouling initial succession on offshore artificial substrate under subtropical conditions. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20201357. [PMID: 36477990 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220201357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the initial stages of the macrofouling community on artificial substrate exposed to the offshore subtropical marine environment, and the contribution of depth (3 and 22m), exposure time (1-2-4-7-10-13-weeks), UV-radiation, rainfall, temperature, pH, salinity, water chlorophyll-a, and zooplankton supply to organism establishment. Steel substrates were placed horizontally on the structure of a pipeline monobuoy off the southern shore of Brazil (Tramandaí beach), and the ecological succession was monitored by six random removals per depth during the summer-autumn of 2011. Approximately 88.5% of the quantified settled individuals comprised fouling fauna and 11.5% vagile and sedentary fauna, although the taxa richness was higher for non-sessile invertebrates. Species richness and organism density up to four weeks were significantly higher at 3m-depth. After this period, a higher density of organisms was found at 22m, while during the whole study the species richness and diversity remained higher at 3m-depth. Zooplankton composition did not show a simultaneous temporal relationship with invertebrate recruitment at any depth; however, increasing the exposure time, the similarity between the planktonic and benthic communities also increased. Meroplankton, tychoplankton, and holoplankton were recorded on the substrates. This study showed that the depth of available substrates affects the macrofouling establishment, which is mainly associated with UV-radiation, exposure time, and ecological interspecific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa O Agostini
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Regenera Moléculas do Mar, Centro de Biotecnologia, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, 96203-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla P Ozorio
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Departamento Interdisciplinar, Campus Litoral Norte/ Km 92, RS-030, 11700, 95590-000 Tramandaí, RS, Brazil
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Pinheiro LM, Britz LMK, Agostini VO, Pérez-Parada A, García-Rodríguez F, Galloway TS, Pinho GLL. Salt marshes as the final watershed fate for meso- and microplastic contamination: A case study from Southern Brazil. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:156077. [PMID: 35597351 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastics pose a major threat to aquatic ecosystems especially in smaller size fractions. Salt marshes play a crucial role in maintaining the coastal zone and aquatic food web, yet their contamination, including by plastic materials, is still poorly investigated. This work investigated meso- (MEP, 5-25 mm) and microplastic (MIP, 1 μm-5 mm) contamination of a salt marsh, which reached average levels of 279.63 ± 410.12 items kg-1, 366.92 ± 975.18 items kg-1, and 8.89 ± 8.75 items L-1 in surface sediment, sediment cores and water, respectively. Photomicrographs revealed a complex fouling community on plastics surface for both different salt marsh zones and plastic formats. Abundance of plastics in sediment was higher in the dryer, vegetated zones compared to flooded, unvegetated zones. This is consistent with the role of vegetation as a trap for solid litter and final fate of plastic deposition, but also with local hydrodynamics influencing deposition pattern. Plastics were detected up to 66 cm-depth, presenting higher levels at surface sediments. It was also possible to identify the main groups of microorganisms (1638 bacterial cells, 318 microalgae cells, and 20049.93 μm2 of filamentous fungi) composing the Plastisphere communities on all plastic items recorded in the different zones. These results are a pioneer contribution, highlighting that regional salt marshes participate in sequestration and longstanding accumulation of plastic particles in estuarine environments, before exportation to the ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália, Km 8, Carreiros, CEP: 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanologia (PPGO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Brazil; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom.
| | - Larissa M K Britz
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália, Km 8, Carreiros, CEP: 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa O Agostini
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália, Km 8, Carreiros, CEP: 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa Nacional de Pós-Doutorado da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (PNPD-CAPES/PPGO), Brazil
| | - Andrés Pérez-Parada
- Departamento de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la Republica, Ruta 9 y Ruta 15, 27000 Rocha, Uruguay
| | - Felipe García-Rodríguez
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanologia (PPGO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Brazil; Departamento de Geociencias, Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la Republica, Ruta 9 y Ruta 15, 27000 Rocha, Uruguay
| | - Tamara S Galloway
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Grasiela L L Pinho
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália, Km 8, Carreiros, CEP: 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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Bueno C, Alves FL, Pinheiro LM, Perez L, Agostini VO, Fernandes EHL, Möller OO, Weschenfelder J, Pinho GLL, Wallner-Kersanach M, Moura RR, Durán JM, Etchevers I, Costa LDF, Werlang CC, Bortolin E, Machado E, Figueira RCL, Ferreira PAL, Andrade C, Fornaro L, García-Rodríguez F. The effect of agricultural intensification and water-locking on the world's largest coastal lagoonal system. Sci Total Environ 2021; 801:149664. [PMID: 34418619 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The palaeolimnological conditions of Mirim Lagoon, a large coastal shallow lagoon under the influence of historical human impacts related to the development of the primary sector of the economy were reconstructed. The first significant human impact consisted of locking the estuarine system to induce the transition from brackish to freshwater conditions. During this transition, the sedimentation rate consistently increased from pre-disturbance values of 0.25 cm yr-1 to >1 cm yr-1. A concomitant increase in nitrogen and carbon values was recorded indicating a related eutrophication process. The highest nutrient levels were achieved during the 1990s after the incorporation of cutting-edge technologies for agricultural production such as high-yielding varieties of rice resistant to climate variability and pests, and the use of inorganic fertilisers, pesticides and water supply controlled by irrigation. After 2011, the soybean production boosted and the area cultivated with this oilseed equalled the area of rice paddies, i.e., 2 × 105 ha. A sharp decrease in δ13C from -19 to -24‰ and in δ15N from 6 to 2‰ were observed in the sedimentary record, indicating a major shift in the composition of the organic matter after the agricultural intensification. Trace elements Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn showed a high positive correlation with Al and Fe, and enrichment factors near 1, indicating a natural and terrigenous source of these elements and also unpolluted conditions. However, the increase of As after 1990 and the positive correlation with Pb was associated with agricultural practices. All elemental ratios (K/Al, Ti/Al and V/Cr) showed constant pre-disturbance trends and a turning point ca. the 1990s. Microplastics were detected from the beginning of the 1990s and increased towards recent sediments, thus corroborating an anthropogenically impacted scenario. Therefore, the development of the primary sector of the economy exerted clear impacts on the environmental quality of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bueno
- Oceanografía y Ecología Marina, Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - F L Alves
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - L M Pinheiro
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - L Perez
- Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República, Rocha, Uruguay
| | - V O Agostini
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - E H L Fernandes
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - O O Möller
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - J Weschenfelder
- Centro de Estudos de Geologia Costeira e Oceânica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - G L L Pinho
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - M Wallner-Kersanach
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - R R Moura
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - J M Durán
- Facultad de Administración y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad ORT, Uruguay
| | - I Etchevers
- Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República, Rocha, Uruguay
| | - L D F Costa
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - C C Werlang
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - E Bortolin
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - E Machado
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - R C L Figueira
- Laboratório de Química Inorgânica Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - P A L Ferreira
- Laboratório de Química Inorgânica Marinha, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C Andrade
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - L Fornaro
- Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República, Rocha, Uruguay
| | - F García-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil; Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE), Universidad de la República, Rocha, Uruguay
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Pinheiro LM, Carvalho IV, Agostini VO, Martinez-Souza G, Galloway TS, Pinho GLL. Litter contamination at a salt marsh: An ecological niche for biofouling in South Brazil. Environ Pollut 2021; 285:117647. [PMID: 34380228 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The presence of solid litter and its consequences for coastal ecosystems is now being investigated around the world. Different types of material can be discarded in areas such as salt marshes, and various fouling organisms can associate with such items forming the Plastisphere. This study investigated the distribution of solid litter along zones (dry, middle, flooded) of a salt marsh environment in the Patos Lagoon Estuary (South Brazil) and the association of biofouling organisms with these items. Solid litter quantities were significantly higher in the dry zone when compared to the middle and flooded zones, showing an accumulation area where the water rarely reaches. Most items were made of plastic, as shown for many other coastal areas, and originated from food packaging, fishery and shipping activities and personal use. Although not statistically significant, there was a tendency of increased biofouling towards the flooded zone. Thirteen groups were found in association with solid litter items, mainly algae, amphipods, and gastropods. The preference for salt marsh zones, types of material and items' colour was highly variable among groups of organisms, which can be related to their varied physiological requirements. In summary, significant plastic contamination of salt marshes of the Patos Lagoon was associated with a heterogeneous distribution of fouling communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália, Km 8, Carreiros, CEP: 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanologia (PPGO), Brazil; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom.
| | - Isadora V Carvalho
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália, Km 8, Carreiros, CEP: 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa O Agostini
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália, Km 8, Carreiros, CEP: 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa Nacional de Pós-Doutorado da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (PNPD-CAPES/PPGO), Brazil
| | - Gustavo Martinez-Souza
- Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Física da Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália, Km 8, Carreiros, CEP: 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Tamara S Galloway
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Grasiela L L Pinho
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália, Km 8, Carreiros, CEP: 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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Pinheiro LM, Agostini VO, Lima ARA, Ward RD, Pinho GLL. The fate of plastic litter within estuarine compartments: An overview of current knowledge for the transboundary issue to guide future assessments. Environ Pollut 2021; 279:116908. [PMID: 33774365 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastics can enter biogeochemical cycles and thus be found in most ecosystems. Most studies emphasize plastic pollution in oceanic ecosystems even though rivers and estuaries are acknowledged as the main sources of plastics to the oceans. This review detected few studies approaching the transboundary issue, as well as patterns of estuarine gradients in predicting plastic distribution and accumulation in water, sediments, and organisms. Quantities of plastics in estuaries reach up to 45,500 items m-3 in water, 567,000 items m-3 in sediment, and 131 items per individual in the biota. The role of rivers and estuaries in the transport of plastics to the ocean is far from fully understood due to small sample sizes, short-term approaches, sampling techniques that underestimate small plastics, and the use of site-specific sampling rather than covering environmental gradients. Microfibres are the most commonly found plastic type in all environmental matrices but efforts to re-calculate pathways using novel sampling techniques and estimates are incipient. Microplastic availability to estuarine organisms and rising/sinking is determined by polymer characteristics and spatio-temporal fluctuations in physicochemical, biological, and mineralogical factors. Key processes governing plastic contamination along estuarine trophic webs remain unclear, as most studies used "species" as an ecological unit rather than trophic/functional guilds and ontogenetic shifts in feeding behaviour to understand communities and intraspecific relationships, respectively. Efforts to understand contamination at the tissue level and the contribution of biofouling organisms as vectors of contaminants onto plastic surfaces are increasing. In conclusion, rivers and estuaries still require attention with regards to accurate sampling and conclusions. Multivariate analysis and robust models are necessary to predict the fate of micro- and macroplastics in estuarine environments; and the inclusion of the socio-economic aspects in modelling techniques seems to be relevant regarding management approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática - Instituto de Oceanografia - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG). Av. Itália, Km 8, Carreiros, CEP: 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanologia (PPGO), Brazil.
| | - V O Agostini
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática - Instituto de Oceanografia - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG). Av. Itália, Km 8, Carreiros, CEP: 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa Nacional de Pós-Doutorado da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (PNPD-CAPES/PPGO), Brazil
| | - A R A Lima
- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA - College Institute, Department of Biosciences, 1149-041, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R D Ward
- Centre for Aquatic Environments, University of Brighton, Cockcroft Building, Moulsecoomb, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom; Institute of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, EE-51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - G L L Pinho
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática - Instituto de Oceanografia - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG). Av. Itália, Km 8, Carreiros, CEP: 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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Muxagata E, Barbosa CN, Agostini VO. Euphausiacea diversity in a trans-oceanic transect through the South Atlantic Ocean: the first Atlantic record of Thysanopoda astylata Brinton, 1975. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2019; 91:e20180034. [PMID: 30994753 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920180034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Information about euphausiids in central South Atlantic Ocean is scarce; hence, we investigated species composition and distribution of euphausiids along a longitudinal transect in this region, with an emphasis on Thysanopoda. Zooplankton samples were collected from 44 stations during the first Transatlantic Commission (Brazil-Africa). Euphausiids comprised 21,390 individuals across larval stages (nauplius, calyptopis, and furcilia) and adults. Furcilia and adults were classified to species level when possible, with a total of 19 identified species. Overall, Euphausia species frequency of occurrence and abundance were highest in samples collected near the African coast, while Thysanopada species dominated near the Brazilian coast. Of the euphausiids caught, 158 were identified as Thysanopoda, including 2 specimens of T. astylata, 6 T. aequalis, 3 T. pectinata, 2 T. monacantha, 2 T. tricuspida, and 1 T. egregia; 118 damaged specimens could only be identified as Thysanopoda spp., and 24 as T. aequalis / T. astylata complex because of the lack of diagnostic structures. Thysanopada egregia was present in samples collected down to 96 m, which increases the vertical range for this species. This report constitutes the first record of Thysanopoda astylata Brinton, 1975 in Atlantic waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Muxagata
- Laboratório de Zooplâncton, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Caixa Postal 474, Avenida Itália, Km 8 , Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla N Barbosa
- Laboratório de Zooplâncton, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Caixa Postal 474, Avenida Itália, Km 8 , Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa O Agostini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Física, Química e Geológica/PPGOFQG, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Caixa Postal 474, Avenida Itália, Km 8 , Campus Carreiros, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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Agostini VO, Macedo AJ, Muxagata E. Evaluation of antibiotics as a methodological procedure to inhibit free-living and biofilm bacteria in marine zooplankton culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 88 Suppl 1:733-46. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201620150454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is a problem with keeping culture medium completely or partially free from bacteria. The use of prokaryotic metabolic inhibitors, such as antibiotics, is suggested as an alternative solution, although such substances should not harm non-target organisms. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of antibiotic treatments in inhibiting free-living and biofilm bacteria and their half-life in artificial marine environment using the copepod Acartia tonsa as bioindicador of non-harmful antibiotic combinations. Regarding to results, the application of 0.025 g L-1 penicillin G potassium + 0.08 g L-1 streptomycin sulphate + 0.04 g L-1 neomycin sulphate showed great potential for use in marine cultures and scientific experiments without lethal effects to non-target organisms. The effect of this combination starts within the first six hours of exposure and reduces up to 93 % the bacterial density, but the half-life is short, requiring replacement. No adverse changes in water quality were observed within 168 hours of exposure. As a conclusion, we can infer that this treatment was an effective procedure for zooplankton cultures and scientific experiments with the aim of measuring the role of free-living and biofilm in the marine community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa O. Agostini
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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