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Bhattacharyya B, Paplikar A, Varghese F, Das G, Shukla V, Arshad F, Gupta A, Mekala S, Mukherjee A, Mukherjee R, Venugopal A, Tripathi M, Ghosh A, Biswas A, Alladi S. Illiterate Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III in Three Indian Languages: An Adaptation and Validation Study. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024:acad106. [PMID: 38273465 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acad106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literacy is an important factor that predicts cognitive performance. Existing cognitive screening tools are validated only in educated populations and are not appropriate for older adults with little or no education leading to poor performance on these tests and eventually leading to misdiagnosis. This challenge for clinicians necessitates a screening tool suitable for illiterate or low-literate older individuals. OBJECTIVES The objective was to adapt and validate Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III) for screening general cognitive functions in illiterate and low-literate older populations in the Indian context in three languages. METHOD The Indian illiterate ACE-III was systematically adapted by modifying the original items of the Indian literate ACE-III to assess the cognitive functions of illiterates and low-literates with the consensus of an expert panel of professionals working in the area of dementia and related disorders. A total of 180 illiterate or low-literate participants (84 healthy-controls, 50 with dementia, and 46 with mild cognitive impairment [MCI]) were recruited from three different centers speaking Bengali, Hindi, and Kannada to validate the adapted version. RESULTS The optimal cut-off score for illiterate ACE-III to distinguish controls from dementia in all 3 languages was 75. The optimal cut-off scores in distinguishing between controls and MCI ranged from 79 to 82, with a sensitivity ranging from 93% to 99% and a specificity ranging from 72% to 99%. CONCLUSION The test is found to have good psychometric properties and is a reliable cognitive screening tool for identifying dementia and MCI in older adults with low educational backgrounds in the Indian context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Bhattacharyya
- Department of Neurology, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences and Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Avanthi Paplikar
- Department of Speech and Language Studies, Dr. S. R. Chandrasekhar Institute of Speech and Hearing, Bengaluru, India
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Feba Varghese
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Gautam Das
- Department of Neurology, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences and Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Vasundhara Shukla
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Faheem Arshad
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Aakansha Gupta
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shailaja Mekala
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Adreesh Mukherjee
- Department of Neurology, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences and Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Ruchira Mukherjee
- Department of Neurology, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences and Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Aparna Venugopal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amitabha Ghosh
- Department of Neurology, Apollo Multispecialty Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Atanu Biswas
- Department of Neurology, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences and Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Suvarna Alladi
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
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2
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Dalle Carbonare L, Basile A, Rindi L, Bulleri F, Hamedeh H, Iacopino S, Shukla V, Weits DA, Lombardi L, Sbrana A, Benedetti-Cecchi L, Giuntoli B, Licausi F, Maggi E. Dim artificial light at night alters gene expression rhythms and growth in a key seagrass species (Posidonia oceanica). Sci Rep 2023; 13:10620. [PMID: 37391536 PMCID: PMC10313690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a globally spreading anthropogenic stressor, affecting more than 20% of coastal habitats. The alteration of the natural light/darkness cycle is expected to impact the physiology of organisms by acting on the complex circuits termed as circadian rhythms. Our understanding of the impact of ALAN on marine organisms is lagging behind that of terrestrial ones, and effects on marine primary producers are almost unexplored. Here, we investigated the molecular and physiological response of the Mediterranean seagrass, Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, as model to evaluate the effect of ALAN on seagrass populations established in shallow waters, by taking advantage of a decreasing gradient of dim nocturnal light intensity (from < 0.01 to 4 lx) along the NW Mediterranean coastline. We first monitored the fluctuations of putative circadian-clock genes over a period of 24 h along the ALAN gradient. We then investigated whether key physiological processes, known to be synchronized with day length by the circadian rhythm, were also affected by ALAN. ALAN influenced the light signalling at dusk/night in P. oceanica, including that of shorter blue wavelengths, through the ELF3-LUX1-ZTL regulatory network, and suggested that the daily perturbation of internal clock orthologs in seagrass might have caused the recruitment of PoSEND33 and PoPSBS genes to mitigate the repercussions of a nocturnal stress on photosynthesis during the day. A long-lasting impairment of gene fluctuations in sites characterised by ALAN could explain the reduced growth of the seagrass leaves when these were transferred into controlled conditions and without lighting during the night. Our results highlight the potential contribution of ALAN to the global loss of seagrass meadows, posing questions about key interactions with a variety of other human-related stressors in urban areas, in order to develop more efficient strategies to globally preserve these coastal foundation species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dalle Carbonare
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri Della Libertà, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK.
| | - A Basile
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri Della Libertà, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Rindi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' di Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Luca Ghini 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Bulleri
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' di Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Luca Ghini 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - H Hamedeh
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri Della Libertà, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Iacopino
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri Della Libertà, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - V Shukla
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri Della Libertà, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - D A Weits
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri Della Libertà, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' di Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Luca Ghini 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Sbrana
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' di Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Luca Ghini 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Benedetti-Cecchi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' di Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Luca Ghini 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - B Giuntoli
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri Della Libertà, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' di Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Luca Ghini 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Licausi
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - E Maggi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' di Pisa, CoNISMa, Via Luca Ghini 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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3
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Travers C, Dolma K, Gentle SJ, Shukla V, Armstead KM, Ambalavanan N, Carlo WA. Mid or standard frequency ventilation in infants with respiratory distress syndrome (MIDOS): a randomized clinical trial. Am J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9629(23)00469-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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4
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Razzaghy J, Salas A, Shukla V, Reeves A, Gunawan E, Nguyen K, Gunn M. Early initiation of high-volume, exclusive human milk-$$$based feeds: A randomized trial. Am J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9629(23)00514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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5
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Vu B, Seales C, Rahman A, Travers C, Willis KA, Lal CV, Crabb D, Ratliff A, Atkinson P, Waites K, Carlo WA, Ambalavanan N, Shukla V. Association of mycoplasma and ureaplasma respiratory colonization and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely preterm infants- a propensity score matched case-control study. Am J Med Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9629(23)00472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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6
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Shukla V, Tyrlik T, Brandman S, Peterson-Incorvaia M, Kalkbrenner K, Denogean J, Prichard P. OA02.07 Low Dose CT Lung Screening in First Responders. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Shukla V, Brandman S, Petersen-Incorvaia M, Kalkbrenner K, Denogean J, Prichard P. EP1.11-04 Low Dose Lung CT Screening in First Responders in the Phoenix Metro Area: A Feasability Study. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.2225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Umrao S, Maurya A, Shukla V, Grigoriev A, Ahuja R, Vinayak M, Srivastava R, Saxena P, Oh IK, Srivastava A. Anticarcinogenic activity of blue fluorescent hexagonal boron nitride quantum dots: as an effective enhancer for DNA cleavage activity of anticancer drug doxorubicin. Mater Today Bio 2019; 1:100001. [PMID: 32159136 PMCID: PMC7061680 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue fluorescent hexagonal boron nitride quantum dots (h-BNQDs) of ∼10 nm size as an effective enhancer for DNA cleavage activity of anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) were synthesized using simple one-step hydrothermal disintegration of exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride at very low temperature ∼ 120 °C. Boron nitride quantum dots (BNQDs) at a concentration of 25 μg/ml enhanced DNA cleavage activity of DOX up to 70% as checked by converting supercoiled fragment into nicked circular PBR322 DNA. The interaction of BNQDs with DOX is proportional to the concentration of BNQDs, with binding constant K b ∼0.07338 μg/ml. In addition, ab initio theoretical results indicate that DOX is absorbed on BNQDs at the N-terminated edge with binding energy -1.075 eV and prevented the normal replication mechanisms in DNA. BNQDs have been shown to kill the breast cancer cell MCF-7 extensively as compared with the normal human keratinocyte cell HaCaT. The cytotoxicity of BNQDs may be correlated with reduced reactive oxygen species level and increased apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, which may be liable to enhance the anticancerous activity of DOX. The results provide a base to develop BNQD-DOX as a more effective anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Umrao
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - A.K. Maurya
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - V. Shukla
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A. Grigoriev
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R. Ahuja
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M. Vinayak
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - R.R. Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - P.S. Saxena
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - I.-K. Oh
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - A. Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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Shukla V, Mcloughlin K, Gao J, Wang Y, Hong J, Zhang M, Gesumaria L, Chen H, Schrump D. P3.03-05 Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Lung-iPSC, NSCLC, and SCLC: Potential Implications for iPSC Modeling of Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Debue P, Shukla V, Kuzzay D, Faranda D, Saw EW, Daviaud F, Dubrulle B. Dissipation, intermittency, and singularities in incompressible turbulent flows. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:053101. [PMID: 29906866 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.053101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We examine the connection between the singularities or quasisingularities in the solutions of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation (INSE) and the local energy transfer and dissipation, in order to explore in detail how the former contributes to the phenomenon of intermittency. We do so by analyzing the velocity fields (a) measured in the experiments on the turbulent von Kármán swirling flow at high Reynolds numbers and (b) obtained from the direct numerical simulations of the INSE at a moderate resolution. To compute the local interscale energy transfer and viscous dissipation in experimental and supporting numerical data, we use the weak solution formulation generalization of the Kármán-Howarth-Monin equation. In the presence of a singularity in the velocity field, this formulation yields a nonzero dissipation (inertial dissipation) in the limit of an infinite resolution. Moreover, at finite resolutions, it provides an expression for local interscale energy transfers down to the scale where the energy is dissipated by viscosity. In the presence of a quasisingularity that is regularized by viscosity, the formulation provides the contribution to the viscous dissipation due to the presence of the quasisingularity. Therefore, our formulation provides a concrete support to the general multifractal description of the intermittency. We present the maps and statistics of the interscale energy transfer and show that the extreme events of this transfer govern the intermittency corrections and are compatible with a refined similarity hypothesis based on this transfer. We characterize the probability distribution functions of these extreme events via generalized Pareto distribution analysis and find that the widths of the tails are compatible with a similarity of the second kind. Finally, we make a connection between the topological and the statistical properties of the extreme events of the interscale energy transfer field and its multifractal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Debue
- DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC, CNRS UMR 3680, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - V Shukla
- DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC, CNRS UMR 3680, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - D Kuzzay
- DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC, CNRS UMR 3680, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France.,LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France
| | - D Faranda
- DSM/LSCE, CNRS UMR 8212, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France.,London Mathematical Laboratory, 14 Buckingham Street, London WC2N 6DF, United Kingdom
| | - E-W Saw
- DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC, CNRS UMR 3680, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - F Daviaud
- DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC, CNRS UMR 3680, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - B Dubrulle
- DSM/IRAMIS/SPEC, CNRS UMR 3680, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
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11
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George B, Teoh S, Shukla V, Petillion S, Verhoeven K, Weltens C, Van den Heuvel F. EP-1917: Comparison of Robustness Metrics in Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)32226-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Higuita-Castro N, Nelson MT, Shukla V, Agudelo-Garcia PA, Zhang W, Duarte-Sanmiguel SM, Englert JA, Lannutti JJ, Hansford DJ, Ghadiali SN. Using a Novel Microfabricated Model of the Alveolar-Capillary Barrier to Investigate the Effect of Matrix Structure on Atelectrauma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11623. [PMID: 28912466 PMCID: PMC5599538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The alveolar-capillary barrier is composed of epithelial and endothelial cells interacting across a fibrous extracelluar matrix (ECM). Although remodeling of the ECM occurs during several lung disorders, it is not known how fiber structure and mechanics influences cell injury during cyclic airway reopening as occurs during mechanical ventilation (atelectrauma). We have developed a novel in vitro platform that mimics the micro/nano-scale architecture of the alveolar microenvironment and have used this system to investigate how ECM microstructural properties influence epithelial cell injury during airway reopening. In addition to epithelial-endothelial interactions, our platform accounts for the fibrous topography of the basal membrane and allows for easy modulation of fiber size/diameter, density and stiffness. Results indicate that fiber stiffness and topography significantly influence epithelial/endothelial barrier function where increased fiber stiffness/density resulted in altered cytoskeletal structure, increased tight junction (TJ) formation and reduced barrier permeability. However, cells on rigid/dense fibers were also more susceptible to injury during airway reopening. These results indicate that changes in the mechanics and architecture of the lung microenvironment can significantly alter cell function and injury and demonstrate the importance of implementing in vitro models that more closely resemble the natural conditions of the lung microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Higuita-Castro
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - M T Nelson
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - V Shukla
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - P A Agudelo-Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - W Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - S M Duarte-Sanmiguel
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States.,Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - J A Englert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - J J Lannutti
- Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - D J Hansford
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - S N Ghadiali
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States. .,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States.
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13
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Shukla V, Dalela M, Vij M, Weichselbaum R, Kharbanda S, Ganguli M, Kufe D, Singh H. Systemic delivery of the tumor necrosis factor gene to tumors by a novel dual DNA-nanocomplex in a nanoparticle system. Nanomedicine 2017; 13:1833-1839. [PMID: 28343015 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Many cancers fail to respond to immunotherapy as a result of immune suppression by the tumor microenvironment. The exogenous expression of immune cytokines to reprogram the tumor microenvironment represents an approach to circumvent this suppression. The present studies describe the development of a novel dual nanoparticle (DNP) system for driving DNA expression vectors encoding inflammatory cytokines in tumor cells. The DNP system consists of a DNA expression vector-cationic peptide nanocomplex (NC) surrounded by a diblock polymeric NP. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) was selected as the prototype cytokine for this system, based on its pleotropic inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Our results demonstrate that the DNP system is highly effective in driving expression of TNF in tumor cells. We also demonstrate that the DNPs are effective in inducing apoptosis and anti-tumor activity. These findings support a novel immunotherapeutic approach for the intratumoral delivery of DNA vectors that express inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasundhara Shukla
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Manu Dalela
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Manika Vij
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Ralph Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Munia Ganguli
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Donald Kufe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Harpal Singh
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India; All India Institute of Medical Science, Delhi, India.
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14
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Abstract
Submitral aneurysm is a rare entity, with around few hundred cases reported till date. Presentation can be varied. We describe here a case of submitral aneurysm in a young male with rupture into the left atrium cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Shukla
- Senior Resident, Department of Cardiology, P.G.I.M.E.R., Dr. R.M.L. Hospital, India.
| | - R K Nath
- Professor, Department of Cardiology, P.G.I.M.E.R., Dr. R.M.L. Hospital, India
| | - N Pandit
- Professor and Head, Department of Cardiology, P.G.I.M.E.R., Dr. R.M.L. Hospital, India
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15
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Pinchevsky Y, Shukla V, Butkow N, Raal FJ, Chirwa T. The achievement of glycaemic, blood pressure and LDL cholesterol targets in patients with type 2 diabetes attending a South African tertiary hospital outpatient clinic. Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/16089677.2015.1056468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Leonard M, Kangas B, Makriyannis A, Nikas S, Shukla V, Alapafuja S, Bergman J. Evaluation of FAAH‐ and MGL‐Inhibition in Cannabinoid Drug Discrimination. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.1019.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Kangas
- McLean HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBelmontMAUnited States
| | | | - Spyros Nikas
- Center for Drug Discovery Northeastern UniversityBostonMAUnited States
| | - V. Shukla
- Center for Drug Discovery Northeastern UniversityBostonMAUnited States
| | - Shakiru Alapafuja
- Center for Drug Discovery Northeastern UniversityBostonMAUnited States
| | - Jack Bergman
- McLean HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBelmontMAUnited States
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17
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Singh C, Sharma R, Shukla V, Khundrakpam P, Misra R, Bindra K, Chari R. Optical limiting and nonlinear optical studies of ferrocenyl substituted calixarenes. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kumar D, Agarwal S, Karoli R, Siddiqui M, Shukla V, Khanduri S. Relationship between carotid intima thickness and silent cerebral infarction in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. J Assoc Physicians India 2014; 62:316-322. [PMID: 25327034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine the relationship between carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and silent cerebral infarction (SCI) in order to determine whether CIMT is a predictor of SCI in patients of type 2 diabetic nephropathy. METHODS A total of 80 patients of type 2 diabetic nephropathy were selected on the basis of fasting and 2-hour post-prandial blood sugar, 24 hrs albumin estimation in urine, urea and creatinine in the serum. The selected candidates underwent MRI brain and carotid B mode ultrasonography to find out the event of SCI and to evaluate the CIMT respectively. RESULTS The SCI was found in 30 (37.5%) patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. The mean age, BMI, blood pressure (BP), macroalbuminuria, S. lipids, low GFR, duration of diabetes and CIMT were significantly higher in the subject with SCI than in those without it. Multiple logistic analyses indicated that age, BP, and CIMT were found to be significant and independent risk factors of SCI in type 2 diabetic nephropathy subjects. CONCLUSION CIMT is a surrogate and reliable predictor of higher risk of SCI among type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients.
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Mann A, Shukla V, Khanduri R, Dabral S, Singh H, Ganguli M. Linear short histidine and cysteine modified arginine peptides constitute a potential class of DNA delivery agents. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:683-96. [PMID: 24476132 DOI: 10.1021/mp400353n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The success of gene therapy relies on the development of safe and efficient multifunctional carriers of nucleic acids that can overcome extra- and intracellular barriers, protect the nucleic acid and mediate its release at the desired site allowing gene expression. Peptides bear unique properties that are indispensable for any carrier, e.g., they can mediate DNA condensation, cellular targeting, membrane translocation, endosomal escape and nuclear localization. In an effort to design a multifunctional peptide, we have modified an arginine homopeptide R16 by replacement of seven arginines with histidines and addition of one cysteine at each end respectively to impart endosomal escape property while maintaining the DNA condensation and release balance. Addition of histidines imparts endosomal escape property to arginine homopeptide, but their arrangement with respect to arginines is more critical in controlling DNA condensation, release and transfection efficiency. Intriguingly, R5H7R4 peptide where charge/arginine is distributed in blocks is preferred for strong condensation while more efficient transfection is seen in the variants R9H7 and H4R9H3, which exhibit weak condensation and strong release. Addition of cysteine to each of these peptides further fine-tuned the condensation-release balance without application of any oxidative procedure unlike other similar systems reported in the literature. This resulted in a large increase in the transfection efficiency in all of the histidine modified peptides irrespective of the arginine and histidine positions. This series of multifunctional peptides shows comparable transfection efficiency to commercially available transfection reagent Lipofectamine 2000 at low charge ratios, with simple preparative procedure and exhibits much less toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Mann
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology , Mall Road (near Jubilee Hall), Delhi 110 007, India
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Abstract
Background: Microalbuminuria is an independent predictor of retinopathy, so absence of microalbuminuria may tend clinician not to screen for diabetic retinopathy (DR). Aim: The aim of our study was to estimate prevalence of DR in patients with type 2 diabetes who have normoalbuminuria, and to study predictors for DR, which can identify these high-risk individuals. Subjects and Methods: In a prospective cross-sectional study that included patients with type 2 DM and normoalbuminuria. Diagnosis of DR was made by a trained ophthalmologist based on the presence of clinical features in the fundus of both eyes following the International Clinical DR guidelines. The statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 15.0 version software (Chicago, IL, USA). The continuous variables expressed as means (SD and Student's t-test or Mann–Whitney test were used, as appropriate, to determine differences in them. Categorical variables were presented as percentage. The Pearson's Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate, was used to determine the differences in them. Results: A total of 226 patients with type 2 DM and normoalbuminuria were enrolled in the study that included 110 males (48.6%), and 116 females (51.4%) Mean (SD) duration of diabetes was 8.2 (5.6) years. DR of any grade was present in 49/226 (22%) patients. Of the patients with DR of any grade, 31/49 (63%) had mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) 10/49 (22%) had moderate to severe NPDR and 8/49 (15%) had PDR. Duration of diabetes (OR 1.01, 95% CI, 0.86-2.2, P = 0.04), higher systolic blood pressure (OR 2.2, 95% CI, 1.6-4.5, P = 0.01), low hemoglobin (OR 1.4, 95% CI, 0.45-2.9, P = 0.01), and a higher tertile of urinary albumin excretion rate (OR 4.12, 95% CI, 1.92-7.57, P = 0.001) had independently significant association with DR. Conclusion: The risk of DR exists in patients with type 2 diabetes even in normoalbuminuric individuals. Close monitoring is particularly needed if patients have longer duration of diabetes, hypertension, anemia, or high normal albuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Karoli
- Department of Medicine, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - J Fatima
- Department of Medicine, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V Shukla
- Department of Medicine, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P Garg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Ali
- Department of Medicine, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Raman A, Verulkar S, Mandal N, Variar M, Shukla V, Dwivedi J, Singh B, Singh O, Swain P, Mall A, Robin S, Chandrababu R, Jain A, Ram T, Hittalmani S, Haefele S, Piepho HP, Kumar A. Drought yield index to select high yielding rice lines under different drought stress severities. Rice (N Y) 2012; 5:31. [PMID: 27234249 PMCID: PMC5520844 DOI: 10.1186/1939-8433-5-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought is the most severe abiotic stress reducing rice yield in rainfed drought prone ecosystems. Variation in intensity and severity of drought from season to season and place to place requires cultivation of rice varieties with different level of drought tolerance in different areas. Multi environment evaluation of breeding lines helps breeder to identify appropriate genotypes for areas prone to similar level of drought stress. From a set of 129 advanced rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding lines evaluated under rainfed drought-prone situations at three locations in eastern India from 2005 to 2007, a subset of 39 genotypes that were tested for two or more years was selected to develop a drought yield index (DYI) and mean yield index (MYI) based on yield under irrigated, moderate and severe reproductive-stage drought stress to help breeders select appropriate genotypes for different environments. RESULTS ARB 8 and IR55419-04 recorded the highest drought yield index (DYI) and are identified as the best drought-tolerant lines. The proposed DYI provides a more effective assessment as it is calculated after accounting for a significant genotype x stress-level interaction across environments. For rainfed areas with variable frequency of drought occurrence, Mean yield index (MYI) along with deviation in performance of genotypes from currently cultivated popular varieties in all situations helps to select genotypes with a superior performance across irrigated, moderate and severe reproductive-stage drought situations. IR74371-70-1-1 and DGI 75 are the two genotypes identified to have shown a superior performance over IR64 and MTU1010 under all situations. CONCLUSION For highly drought-prone areas, a combination of DYI with deviation in performance of genotypes under irrigated situations can enable breeders to select genotypes with no reduction in yield under favorable environments compared with currently cultivated varieties. For rainfed areas with variable frequency of drought stress, use of MYI together with deviation in performance of genotypes under different situations as compared to presently cultivated varieties will help breeders to select genotypes with superior performance under all situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Raman
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Nimai Mandal
- Central Rainfed Upland Rice Research Station (CRURRS), Hazaribag, India
| | - Mukund Variar
- Central Rainfed Upland Rice Research Station (CRURRS), Hazaribag, India
| | - V Shukla
- Central Rainfed Upland Rice Research Station (CRURRS), Hazaribag, India
| | - J Dwivedi
- Narendra Dev University of Agriculture and Technology (NDUAT), Faizabad, India
| | - B Singh
- Birsa Agricultural University (BAU), Ranchi, India
| | - O Singh
- Central Rice Research Institute (CRRI), Cuttack, India
| | - Padmini Swain
- Central Rice Research Institute (CRRI), Cuttack, India
| | - Ashutosh Mall
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - S Robin
- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, India
| | - R Chandrababu
- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Tilatoo Ram
- Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Stephan Haefele
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Hans-Peter Piepho
- Bioinformatics Unit, Universitaet Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Arvind Kumar
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
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Kumar D, Karoli R, Fatima J, Shukla V, Parashari UC, Gupta N. Klippel-Feil syndrome with unilateral renal agenesis and renal failure. J Assoc Physicians India 2012; 60:68-69. [PMID: 23767212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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Shukla V, Singh CP, Srivastava AK, Bindra KS. Studies on optical limiting characteristics of silicon nanoparticles synthesized by laser ablation. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2012; 12:4644-4649. [PMID: 22905511 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.6209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present synthesis of silicon nanoparticles dispersed in toluene by laser ablation and studies on their optical limiting properties with nanosecond laser pulses at 532 nm. Silicon nanoparticles in toluene show better optical limiting compared to standard optical limiter fullerene C60 in toluene. Optical limiting threshold of silicon nanoparticles is about three times less than that of C60. Detailed studies using Z-scan experiments, angle dependent scattering, intensity dependent transmission and temporal profile measurements indicate that apart from non-linear scattering, nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction also contribute to the optical limiting behavior of silicon nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Shukla
- Laser Physics Applications Section, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India
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Matuschek C, Rudoy M, Peiper M, Gerber PA, Hoff NP, Buhren BA, Flehmig B, Budach W, Knoefel WT, Bojar H, Prisack HB, Steinbach G, Shukla V, Schwarz A, Kammers K, Erhardt A, Scherer A, Bölke E, Schauer M. Do insulin-like growth factor associated proteins qualify as a tumor marker? Results of a prospective study in 163 cancer patients. Eur J Med Res 2011; 16:451-6. [PMID: 22024424 PMCID: PMC3400976 DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-16-10-451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, -2 and Insulin like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) are involved in the proliferation and differentiation of cells. It has never been evaluated, if the IGF-system can serve as a tumor marker in neoplasms. METHODS In our prospective study 163 patients with colorectal cancer (22), prostate cancer (21), head and neck tumors (17), lymphomas (20), lung cancer (34) and other entities (49) were analysed for their IGF and IGFBP serum levels at the beginning and the end of radiotherapy and compared to 13 healthy people. Subgroups of patients with local tumor disease versus metastatic disease, primary and recurrent therapy and curative versus palliative therapy were compared. RESULTS The serum levels of IGF-2 were significantly elevated in patients with prostate and colorectal cancer. However, sensitivity and specificity were only 70%. IGFBP-2 serum levels were elevated in patients with head and neck tumors. Again sensitivity and specificity were only 73%. A difference between local disease and metastatic disease could not be found. A difference between IGF serum levels before and after radiotherapy could not be detected. CONCLUSION The IGF-system cannot serve as a new tumor marker. The detected differences are very small, sensitivity and specificity are too low. IGF measurement is not useful for the evaluation of the success of radiotherapy in malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Matuschek
- Department of Radiation Therapy and Radiooncology, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine Universität, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Mann A, Thakur G, Shukla V, Singh AK, Khanduri R, Naik R, Jiang Y, Kalra N, Dwarakanath BS, Langel U, Ganguli M. Differences in DNA Condensation and Release by Lysine and Arginine Homopeptides Govern Their DNA Delivery Efficiencies. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1729-41. [DOI: 10.1021/mp2000814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Mann
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Garima Thakur
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Vasundhara Shukla
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Anand Kamal Singh
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Richa Khanduri
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rangeetha Naik
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Neurochemistry, University of Stockholm, S-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Namita Kalra
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Government of India, Timarpur, Lucknow Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - B. S. Dwarakanath
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Government of India, Timarpur, Lucknow Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ulo Langel
- Department of Neurochemistry, University of Stockholm, S-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Munia Ganguli
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
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Abstract
Abstract
Cellular oxidation index has emerged as an important determinant in defining the fate of a living cell and its susceptibility to disease. Oxidative stress targets include oxidation of DNA, protein and lipids; causing cellular oncogenesis, chronic diseases and premature senescence. The possibility that dietary intervention via nutrition-enriched food may significantly decrease incidence of diet-related diseases has catalysed scientific efforts to understand this relationship, which is fundamental to developing future strategies for stemming disease. Multiple and synergistic interactions among nutrients influence antiproliferative activity of a fruit compared with an isolated antioxidant. Nutritional molecules including vitamins (B, C, E and β-carotene), folates, lycopene, flavonoids, isothyocyanates, glucosinolates, polyphenols, glutathione and minerals contribute to the antioxidative capacity of vegetables, fruits, nuts and various herbs. The true potential of a supplemental antioxidant or crop nutrients in human health benefits is in their accessibility, bioavailability and biological potency. Studies on the absorption, metabolism and in vivo potency of phytonutrients have lagged behind and are only now beginning to provide some results. Also, it is important to bear in mind that the levels of phytonutrients present in horticultural crops are low and significantly influenced by genotype/cultivar, growth condition and developmental stage. In this regard, genetic engineering has become a refined tool to increase the antioxidant and nutrient capacity of economically important crops including fruits and vegetables to the levels favourable not only for a highly nutritional diet but also to enable in-depth studies on the relationships between diet, genetics and metabolism. Together with modern biotechnology, deciphering transcriptome-proteome-metabolome of the new transgenics should provide new knowledge to ease the concerns of the society and open the market for genetically engineered horticulture crops, as is seen by higher sales of Hawaii-grown transgenic papaya in the USA. Also, this knowledge will help us in developing precise strategies for redesigning metabolic pathways so that desired levels of a particular phytonutrient (antioxidant) in crops are achieved.
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Rupali P, Evangelynn SB, Abraham OC, Korula RJ, Shukla V, Thankachen R, Ponniah M, Subramanian S, Jeyaseelan V, Mathai D. Granulomatous hepatitis following open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Natl Med J India 2008; 21:222-224. [PMID: 19320320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) initiates an inflammatory cascade, predisposing the patient to a number of infections. The stress of surgery and anaesthesia further expose the patient to a variety of non-infectious complications. We report a group of patients who developed granulomatous disease after open heart surgery. METHODS We retrospectively analysed a subset of patients who developed a syndrome of fever, jaundice and hepatomegaly after open heart surgery. We recruited age- and sex-matched controls who underwent open heart surgery during the same period (July 2002-July 2004). Details of demographic profiles, diagnostic evaluation and drug treatment were noted and compared between the two groups using the SPSS software. RESULTS Five patients were identified to have the specific syndrome of high grade intermittent fever with jaundice and hepatomegaly with investigations revealing an intrahepatic cholestasis. A detailed evaluation revealed granulomas in tissue specimens of the bone marrow and/or liver in these patients. An extensive evaluation for an alternative aetiological agent was non-contributory. CONCLUSION We found granulomatous hepatitis in 5 patients following open heart surgery and they were given conventional antituberculous therapy to which they responded. It is possible that in these patients, tuberculosis was re-activated from a dormant focus due to a period of transient immunodeficiency caused by an extracorporeal circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rupali
- Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Weyand A, Shukla V, Paulino A, Butler E, Hinojosa J, Mathews T, South M, Teh B. Preserving the Post-chiasm Optic Pathway in Radiotherapy Treatment of Intracranial Neoplasms: A New Computer-assisted Strategy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mann A, Khan MA, Shukla V, Ganguli M. Atomic force microscopy reveals the assembly of potential DNA “nanocarriers” by poly-l-ornithine. Biophys Chem 2007; 129:126-36. [PMID: 17601648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2007.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Revised: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to visualize the process of condensation of plasmid DNA by poly-L-ornithine on mica surface. AFM images reveal that the transition of negatively charged DNA to condensed nanoparticles on addition of increasing amounts of positively charged poly-L-ornithine (charge ratio (Z+/Z-) varied between 0.1 and 1) at a wide range of DNA concentrations (3-20 ng/microl) occurs through formation of several distinct morphologies. The nature of the complexes is strongly dependent on both the charge ratio and the DNA concentration. Initiation of condensation when the concentration of DNA is low (approximately 3-7 ng/microl) occurs possibly through formation of monomolecular complexes which are thick rod-like in shape. On the contrary, when condensation is carried out at DNA concentrations of 13-20 ng/microl, multimolecular structures are also formed even at low charge ratios. This difference in pathway seems to result in differences in the extent of condensation as well as size and aggregation of the nanoparticles formed at the high charge ratios. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first direct single molecule elucidation of the mechanism of DNA condensation by poly-L-ornithine. Cationic poly-aminoacids like poly-L-ornithine are known to be efficient in delivery of plasmid DNA containing therapeutic genes in a variety of mammalian cell lines by forming condensed "nanocarriers" with DNA. Single molecule insight into the mechanism by which such nanocarriers are packaged during the condensation process could be helpful in predicting efficacy of intracellular delivery and release of DNA from them and also provide important inputs for design of new gene delivery vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Mann
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road (near Jubilee Hall), Delhi 110 007, India
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Abstract
Chromatin modifications at core histones including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination play an important role in diverse biological processes. Acetylation of specific lysine residues within the N terminus tails of core histones is arguably the most studied histone modification; however, its precise roles in different cellular processes and how it is disrupted in human diseases remain poorly understood. In the last decade, a number of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) enzymes responsible for histone acetylation, has been identified and functional studies have begun to unravel their biological functions. The activity of many HATs is dependent on HAT complexes, the multiprotein assemblies that contain one HAT catalytic subunit, adapter proteins, several other molecules of unknown function and a large protein called TRansformation/tRanscription domain-Associated Protein (TRRAP). As a common component of many HAT complexes, TRRAP appears to be responsible for the recruitment of these complexes to chromatin during transcription, replication and DNA repair. Recent studies have shed new light on the role of TRRAP in HAT complexes as well as mechanisms by which it mediates diverse cellular processes. Thus, TRRAP appears to be responsible for a concerted and context-dependent recruitment of HATs and coordination of distinct chromatin-based processes, suggesting that its deregulation may contribute to diseases. In this review, we summarize recent developments in our understanding of the function of TRRAP and TRRAP-containing HAT complexes in normal cellular processes and speculate on the mechanism underlying abnormal events that may lead to human diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Murr
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
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Butler EB, Shukla V, Paulino AC, Lu HH, Butler R, Smiedala M, Kurk J, Grant WH, McGary JE, Teh BS. Computer visualization techniques (CVTs) foster evidence-based target delineation. Cancer Invest 2007; 25:1-5. [PMID: 17364550 DOI: 10.1080/07357900600970490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Computer visualization techniques (CVTs) are an emerging technology that can organize all cancer specialists. This article describes CVTs' ability to maximize the currently untapped advantages of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). The visual speed and dynamic strategies inherent in CVTs improves IMRT by distilling vast amounts of anatomic, multimodal imaging, textual/meaning, and surgical/outcome data into a large, rigorous, standardized evidence base of storable target delineation plans. This ability to standardize strategies will allow the collection of meaningful evidence based outcome data.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Brian Butler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Swann IJ, Bauza-Rodriguez B, Currans R, Riley J, Shukla V. The significance of post-traumatic amnesia as a risk factor in the development of olfactory dysfunction following head injury. Emerg Med J 2007; 23:618-21. [PMID: 16858094 PMCID: PMC2564164 DOI: 10.1136/emj.2005.029017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the following hypothesis in the assessment of head injury PATIENTS only patients with 5 min or more of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) are at risk of acute olfactory dysfunction (OD). METHODS This was a retrospective comparative study of olfactory status in head injury patients seen at a head injury clinic at Glasgow Royal Infirmary from 1985 to 2003. Of 828 clinic attenders, 101 had acute OD. These subjects were compared with a randomly selected control group of 102 patients with head injury but normal olfactory function. The main outcome measure was a significant likelihood of patients with PTA lasting for 5 or more minutes having acute OD compared with those with PTA of less than 5 min. RESULTS The likelihood of patients with a PTA of 5 min or more having acute OD compared to those with PTA of less than 5 min is clinically significant with an odds ratio of 9.6 (p<0.01). CONCLUSION Examination of patients with 5 min or more of PTA should include a simple test of sense of smell. Patients with impaired smell sensation should be aware of their condition prior to discharge from hospital. In addition, the need for a CT brain scan and appropriate follow up should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Swann
- Emergency Medicine Department, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK.
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36
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Abstract
We report a late onset, benign, tracheoesophageal fistula in a 51-year-old man, due to an accidentally swallowed denture. In view of the extensive peri-esophageal sepsis and fibrosis, he was managed by a subtotal esophagectomy and a cervical esophagogastric anastomosis. The tracheal defect was closed with the help of an intercostal muscle flap. This report also highlights the difficulty in identifying swallowed prosthetic dental material radiologically, when no metallic component is present. This fact was also responsible for the delay in diagnosis, eventually leading to the rare complication of a tracheoesophageal fistula.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Samarasam
- Department of General Surgery (Upper GI Unit), Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India.
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Hayman L, Teh B, Shukla V, Mai W, Paulino A, Butler E. Visual and Textual Evaluation of the Three Nodal Classifications for Head and Neck Cancer (Rotterdam Consensus, Richter, Martinez-Monge). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.07.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Alqadah FD, Alsafadi N, Shukla V, Andejani A, Hussain M, Malaker K, Darwish T, Qureishi K, Vijayananda K, Eid H. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The experience of Princess Nourah Oncology Center (POC), Jeddah. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.5597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F. D. Alqadah
- King Khalid Hosp-Princess Nourah Oncology Ctr, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - N. Alsafadi
- King Khalid Hosp-Princess Nourah Oncology Ctr, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - V. Shukla
- King Khalid Hosp-Princess Nourah Oncology Ctr, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Andejani
- King Khalid Hosp-Princess Nourah Oncology Ctr, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Hussain
- King Khalid Hosp-Princess Nourah Oncology Ctr, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - K. Malaker
- King Khalid Hosp-Princess Nourah Oncology Ctr, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - T. Darwish
- King Khalid Hosp-Princess Nourah Oncology Ctr, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - K. Qureishi
- King Khalid Hosp-Princess Nourah Oncology Ctr, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - K. Vijayananda
- King Khalid Hosp-Princess Nourah Oncology Ctr, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - H. Eid
- King Khalid Hosp-Princess Nourah Oncology Ctr, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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39
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Gaur S, Shukla V. Paracentric inversion of chromosome 12 in myelodysplasia. Am J Hematol 2005; 78:318-9. [PMID: 15795910 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.20325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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40
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Butler E, Shukla V, Yogeswaren S, Childress C, McGary J, Teh B. Novel strategies to improve target delineation for head and neck cancers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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41
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Abstract
The addition of FD&C blue dye to enteral feeds is a common practice in hospitals to detect aspiration. However, the degree of systemic absorption and safety of this dye in critically ill patients has not been studied. A patient with sepsis who died after systemic absorption of FD&C blue dye No1 is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gaur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wright State University, School Of Medicine, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, Ohio, USA.
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42
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Stephen T, Thankachen R, Basu A, Parihar B, Shukla V, Kurula RJ. Coarctation of aorta—early and mid term follow-up after surgical repair. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s12055-004-0420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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43
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Abstract
Novel lipid (mannito-stearate) antiviral nucleoside and oligonucleotide conjugates were prepared with improved lipophilic and membrane associating properties of drugs. Potential advantages of these liponucleotide prodrugs are lower toxicity, increased cellular uptake, nuclease resistivity and antiviral activity. Oligonucleotide conjugate complementary to a unique segment of viral genome may selectively disrupt the processes dependent on the segment by hybridisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Watal
- Nucleic Acids Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211 002, India
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44
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Shukla V, Gude RP. Amelioration of B16F10 melanoma cells induced oxidative stress in DBA/2 mice by pentoxifylline. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2003; 22:407-10. [PMID: 14582699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The constantly produced small amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are reduced by anti-oxidant enzymes and cellular scavengers. The oxidative stress developed by defect in ROS clearance can result in cell injury and may lead to carcinogenesis. Pentoxifylline is a methylxanthine derivative with rheologic and membrane modifier property. We have examined whether Pentoxifylline (PTX) ameliorates oxidative stress produced in subcutaneously injected mice with B16F10 melanoma cells. Treatment of mice with PTX significantly reduced oxidative stress and attenuated the altered changes of reduced glutathione and lipid peroxides. Our findings provide an experimental basis for using PTX to attenuate oxidative stress induced by B16F10 melanoma cells in liver and lung of DBA/2 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Shukla
- Chemotherapy Divison, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Cancer Research Institute, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
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45
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Shanmugam G, Sundar P, Shukla V, Korula RJ. Chylopericardial tamponade following atrial septal defect repair: an usual entity. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/s12055-003-0027-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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46
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Doshi H, Kumar S, Athyal R, Nair S, Shukla V, Korula RJ. An unusual presentation of mediastinal lymphoma: Case report. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/s12055-002-0030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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47
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Bhoi S, Kumar R, Kumar M, Shukla V, Sharma B, Gupta BB. A patient with bag of pancreatic stones. Postgrad Med J 2002; 78:500, 505. [PMID: 12185231 PMCID: PMC1742476 DOI: 10.1136/pmj.78.922.500-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Bhoi
- Department of Medicine, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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48
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Abstract
The refining of silver from old silver ornaments, articles and jeweller's waste by smelting these with lead scraps for the fabrication of new jewellery is an important small scale industry in India. The present survey and clinical investigations have shown that 31 out of 50 silver refiners with a mean blood lead level of 32.84+/-1.78 microg/dl (range 20.3-64.9), decrease in blood delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity and thiamine (as pyruvate) level and an enhanced urinary excretion of ALA as compared to control, were suffering from lead poisoning. Most of these workers have shown anaemia, abdominal colic, blue lining of gum and muscular wasting indicative of lead toxicity. Twenty-four workers with relatively high blood lead levels were equally divided into two groups and given either vitamin B1 (75 mg, once a day) or vitamin C (250 mg. twice a day) for 1 month. The treatment with both the vitamins significantly lowered the blood lead levels and reduced blood thiamine and copper deficiency. In addition, vitamin C was also effective in reversing the inhibition of blood ALAD activity while the effect of vitamin B1 on its activity was marginal. The daily intake of vitamin B1 and vitamin C may prevent the accumulation of lead and reduce its toxic effects particularly in those regularly exposed to lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Tandon
- Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Chemical Toxicology, Marg, Lucknow, India
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49
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Li ZJ, Shukla V, Fordyce AP, Pedersen AG, Wenger KS, Marten MR. Fungal morphology and fragmentation behavior in a fed-batch Aspergillus oryzae fermentation at the production scale. Biotechnol Bioeng 2000; 70:300-12. [PMID: 10992234 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0290(20001105)70:3<300::aid-bit7>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that high-viscosity fermentation broth can lead to mixing and oxygen mass transfer limitations. The seemingly obvious solution for this problem is to increase agitation intensity. In some processes, this has been shown to damage mycelia, affect morphology, and decrease product expression. However, in other processes increased agitation shows no effect on productivity. While a number of studies discuss morphology and fragmentation at the laboratory and pilot scale, there are relatively few publications available for production-scale fungal fermentations. The goal of this study was to assess morphology and fragmentation behavior in large-scale, fed-batch, fungal fermentations used for the production of protein. To accomplish this, a recombinant strain of Aspergillus oryzae was grown in 80 m(3) fermentors at two different gassed, impeller power-levels (one 50% greater than the other). Impeller power is reported as energy dissipation/circulation function (EDCF) and was found to have average values of 29.3 +/- 1.0 and 22.0 +/- 0.3 kW m(-3) s(-1) at high and low power levels, respectively. In all batches, biomass concentration profiles were similar and specific growth rate was < 0.03 h(-1). Morphological data show hyphal fragmentation occurred by both shaving-off of external clump hyphae and breakage of free hyphae. The fragmentation rate constant (k(frag)), determined using a first-order model, was 5.90 and 5.80 h(-1) for high and low power batches, respectively. At the end of each batch, clumps accounted for only 25% of fungal biomass, most of which existed as small, sparsely branched, free hyphal elements. In all batches, fragmentation was found to dominate fungal growth and branching. We speculate that this behavior was due to slow growth of the culture during this fed-batch process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z J Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC),1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
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50
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated multiple ventricular septal defects (mVSDs) remain a surgical challenge. The dilemma of whether to perform a complete repair ultimately rests with the surgeon, who must decide if all significant septal defects can be located. Avoidance of a pulmonary arterial band (as part of a two-stage repair) will negate the need for future pulmonary arterial reconstruction and will reduce the incidence of late right ventricular diastolic dysfunction. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of hospital and echocardiographic data of eight children who underwent a septal obliteration technique (SOT) as part of their correction of mVSDs (with and without coarctation of the aorta). RESULTS Eight children with a mean age of 10.5 months (range 1.5 to 36 months), and weight of 6.2 kg (range 2.1 to 13.5 kg), respectively, underwent correction of mVSDs. All had a single, large, perimembranous defect, additional VSDs within the muscular trabecular septum (juxtaposed to the moderator band), and apical mVSDs. All VSDs were repaired via the right atrium, with avoidance of either a right or left ventriculotomy. The posterior and apical defects were excluded from the right ventricular cavity with a pericardial patch (SOT). The follow-up period remains limited to a mean of 20.9 months (8 to 39 months). Two children repaired with SOT had previous pulmonary artery bands (neonatal coarctation repair). All children were successfully discharged home with a mean postoperative Qp:Qs of 1.09:1. One pacemaker was required, but this child has since reverted back to normal sinus rythm. CONCLUSIONS Our initial experience using the SOT in the treatment of apical VSDs as a component of isolated mVSDs has been rewarding. All children are currently alive, in normal sinus rhythm, and have no residual significant left-to-right shunts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Black
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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