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Jayaraman G, Dinesh Ram DS, R K, Amalan V, Alahmadi TA, Alharbi SA, Kandasamy S, Shanmuganthan R, Vijayakumar N. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, and antithrombotic, competency of saponins from the root of Decalepis hamiltonii. Environ Res 2023; 231:116096. [PMID: 37172679 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to extract saponins from the tuberous root of Decalepis hamiltonii and assess their potential clinical applications, which included antioxidant, antibacterial, antithrombotic, and anticancer properties. Surprisingly, the results of this study revealed that the extracted saponins have excellent antioxidant activities, as demonstrated by 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and Nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assays. Nonetheless, at a concentration of 100 g/mL, crude saponin had excellent antibacterial activity, particularly against gramme positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Micrococcus luteus), followed by gramme negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumonia). Despite this, the crude saponin had no effect on Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The crude saponin also possesses outstanding in vitro antithrombotic activity on blood clot. Interestingly, the crude saponins have an outstanding anticancer activity of 89.26%, with an IC50 value of 58.41 μg/mL. Overall, the findings conclude that crude saponin derived from D. hamiltonii tuberous root could be used in pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitanjali Jayaraman
- Department of Information Technology, School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Duraisamy Sumathi Dinesh Ram
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kavitha R
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University Salem, 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatesan Amalan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tahani Awad Alahmadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Medical City, PO Box-2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabariswaran Kandasamy
- Water-Energy Nexus Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajasree Shanmuganthan
- University Centre for Research & Development, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140103, India.
| | - Natesan Vijayakumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Nagesh MR, Vijayakumar N, Anandan R, Renuka M, Amalan V, Kavitha R, Arulmani SRB, Ahmed MZ, Alqahtani AS, Nasr FA, Alqahtani AM, Noman OM, Al-Mishari AA. Cytotoxic and genotoxic properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized by ethanolic extract of Salacia chinensis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123506. [PMID: 36739054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, in vitro and in vivo methods were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity properties of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) made from a crude ethanolic extract of Salacia chinensis. The test Ag-NPs had no cytotoxicity on the fibroblast cell line at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, according to the MTT assay results. The Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line treated with varied concentrations of test Ag-NPs, with a maximum concentration of 200 μg/mL, did not exhibit any appreciable genotoxic activity, either by comparing the results with positive controls of genotoxicity caused by Methyl methane sulfonate and Benzo (a) pyrene at the concentration of 20 μg/mL, the lack of genotoxicity was established. An in vivo study in Swiss albino mice using various concentrations (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) of test Ag-NPs, which were compared with positive controls, further confirmed this in vitro result pattern. Contrary to the genotoxicity caused by the positive control, mouse bone marrow micronucleus testing findings revealed the absence of genotoxicity. These findings imply that at the measured doses, the Ag-NPs produced from the crude ethanolic extract of Salacia chinensis do not exhibit any cytotoxicity or genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuranthakam Reddi Nagesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natesan Vijayakumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ramaswamy Anandan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mani Renuka
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioscience, Periyar University, Salem 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatesan Amalan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Kavitha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioscience, Periyar University, Salem 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samuel Raj Babu Arulmani
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)\, Campus deBeaulieu, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Mohammad Z Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd A Nasr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar M Noman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Al-Mishari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Amalan V, Vijayakumar N, Indumathi D, Ramakrishnan A. Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity of p-coumaric acid in diabetic rats, role of pancreatic GLUT 2: In vivo approach. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:230-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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