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Andlauer TFM, Buck D, Antony G, Bayas A, Bechmann L, Berthele A, Chan A, Gasperi C, Gold R, Graetz C, Haas J, Hecker M, Infante-Duarte C, Knop M, Kümpfel T, Limmroth V, Linker RA, Loleit V, Luessi F, Meuth SG, Mühlau M, Nischwitz S, Paul F, Pütz M, Ruck T, Salmen A, Stangel M, Stellmann JP, Stürner KH, Tackenberg B, Then Bergh F, Tumani H, Warnke C, Weber F, Wiendl H, Wildemann B, Zettl UK, Ziemann U, Zipp F, Arloth J, Weber P, Radivojkov-Blagojevic M, Scheinhardt MO, Dankowski T, Bettecken T, Lichtner P, Czamara D, Carrillo-Roa T, Binder EB, Berger K, Bertram L, Franke A, Gieger C, Herms S, Homuth G, Ising M, Jöckel KH, Kacprowski T, Kloiber S, Laudes M, Lieb W, Lill CM, Lucae S, Meitinger T, Moebus S, Müller-Nurasyid M, Nöthen MM, Petersmann A, Rawal R, Schminke U, Strauch K, Völzke H, Waldenberger M, Wellmann J, Porcu E, Mulas A, Pitzalis M, Sidore C, Zara I, Cucca F, Zoledziewska M, Ziegler A, Hemmer B, Müller-Myhsok B. Novel multiple sclerosis susceptibility loci implicated in epigenetic regulation. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1501678. [PMID: 27386562 PMCID: PMC4928990 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility in German cohorts with 4888 cases and 10,395 controls. In addition to associations within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region, 15 non-MHC loci reached genome-wide significance. Four of these loci are novel MS susceptibility loci. They map to the genes L3MBTL3, MAZ, ERG, and SHMT1. The lead variant at SHMT1 was replicated in an independent Sardinian cohort. Products of the genes L3MBTL3, MAZ, and ERG play important roles in immune cell regulation. SHMT1 encodes a serine hydroxymethyltransferase catalyzing the transfer of a carbon unit to the folate cycle. This reaction is required for regulation of methylation homeostasis, which is important for establishment and maintenance of epigenetic signatures. Our GWAS approach in a defined population with limited genetic substructure detected associations not found in larger, more heterogeneous cohorts, thus providing new clues regarding MS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till F. M. Andlauer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Dorothea Buck
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Gisela Antony
- Central Information Office KKNMS, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Antonios Bayas
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Bechmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Achim Berthele
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew Chan
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Gasperi
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christiane Graetz
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN) and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network (rmn), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jürgen Haas
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hecker
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Carmen Infante-Duarte
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Department of Neurology, and Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, and Charité University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Knop
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Tania Kümpfel
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Limmroth
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Köln-Merheim, 51109 Köln, Germany
| | - Ralf A. Linker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Verena Loleit
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Luessi
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN) and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network (rmn), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sven G. Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Klinik für Allgemeine Neurologie, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mark Mühlau
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Friedemann Paul
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Department of Neurology, and Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, and Charité University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Pütz
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology, Klinik für Allgemeine Neurologie, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Anke Salmen
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Stangel
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan-Patrick Stellmann
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis and Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klarissa H. Stürner
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis and Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Tackenberg
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Then Bergh
- Department of Neurology and Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hayrettin Tumani
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Neurological Clinic Dietenbronn, 88477 Schwendi, Germany
| | - Clemens Warnke
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frank Weber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
- Neurological Clinic, Medical Park, 65520 Bad Camberg, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology, Klinik für Allgemeine Neurologie, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Brigitte Wildemann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe K. Zettl
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN) and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network (rmn), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Janine Arloth
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Weber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Markus O. Scheinhardt
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Theresa Dankowski
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Peter Lichtner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Darina Czamara
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Elisabeth B. Binder
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Sozialmedizin der Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Herms
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst Moritz Arndt University and University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Ising
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Tim Kacprowski
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst Moritz Arndt University and University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Kloiber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology and Biobank popgen, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christina M. Lill
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN) and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine-Main Neuroscience Network (rmn), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Susanne Lucae
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Astrid Petersmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rajesh Rawal
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ulf Schminke
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wellmann
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Sozialmedizin der Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Eleonora Porcu
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonella Mulas
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Maristella Pitzalis
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carlo Sidore
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ilenia Zara
- Center for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), Pula, 09010 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Magdalena Zoledziewska
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Corresponding author. (B.H.); (B.M.-M.)
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
- Corresponding author. (B.H.); (B.M.-M.)
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Dankowski T, Buck D, Andlauer TFM, Antony G, Bayas A, Bechmann L, Berthele A, Bettecken T, Chan A, Franke A, Gold R, Graetz C, Haas J, Hecker M, Herms S, Infante-Duarte C, Jöckel KH, Kieseier BC, Knier B, Knop M, Kümpfel T, Lichtner P, Lieb W, Lill CM, Limmroth V, Linker RA, Loleit V, Meuth SG, Moebus S, Müller-Myhsok B, Nischwitz S, Nöthen MM, Paul F, Pütz M, Ruck T, Salmen A, Stangel M, Stellmann JP, Strauch K, Stürner KH, Tackenberg B, Then Bergh F, Tumani H, Waldenberger M, Weber F, Wiendl H, Wildemann B, Zettl UK, Ziemann U, Zipp F, Hemmer B, Ziegler A. Successful Replication of GWAS Hits for Multiple Sclerosis in 10,000 Germans Using the Exome Array. Genet Epidemiol 2015; 39:601-8. [PMID: 26497834 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) successfully identified various chromosomal regions to be associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). The primary aim of this study was to replicate reported associations from GWAS using an exome array in a large German study. German MS cases (n = 4,476) and German controls (n = 5,714) were genotyped using the Illumina HumanExome v1-Chip. Genotype calling was performed with the Illumina Genome Studio(TM) Genotyping Module, followed by zCall. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in seven regions outside the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region showed genome-wide significant associations with MS (P values < 5 × 10(-8) ). These associations have been reported previously. In addition, SNPs in three previously reported regions outside the HLA region yielded P values < 10(-5) . The effect of nine SNPs in the HLA region remained (P < 10(-5) ) after adjustment for other significant SNPs in the HLA region. All of these findings have been reported before or are driven by known risk loci. In summary, findings from previous GWAS for MS could be successfully replicated. We conclude that the regions identified in previous GWAS are also associated in the German population. This reassures the need for detailed investigations of the functional mechanisms underlying the replicated associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Dankowski
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Dorothea Buck
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Gisela Antony
- Central Information Office (CIO), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Antonios Bayas
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Bechmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Achim Berthele
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Andrew Chan
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christiane Graetz
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jürgen Haas
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hecker
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Herms
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Division of Medical Genetics, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Human Genetics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd C Kieseier
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Benjamin Knier
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Knop
- Department of Neurology, MPI of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Tania Kümpfel
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Lichtner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology and Biobank popgen, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christina M Lill
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics, & for Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Volker Limmroth
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Köln-Merheim, Köln, Germany
| | - Ralf A Linker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Verena Loleit
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department für Neurologie, Klinik für Allgemeine Neurologie, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Pütz
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department für Neurologie, Klinik für Allgemeine Neurologie, Münster, Germany
| | - Anke Salmen
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Stangel
- Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan-Patrick Stellmann
- Department of Neurology and, Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Klarissa H Stürner
- Department of Neurology and, Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Tackenberg
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Then Bergh
- Department of Neurology and Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frank Weber
- Department of Neurology, MPI of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,Neurological Clinic, Medical Park, Bad Camberg, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department für Neurologie, Klinik für Allgemeine Neurologie, Münster, Germany
| | - Brigitte Wildemann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe K Zettl
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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4
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Hoffmann FS, Hofereiter J, Rübsamen H, Melms J, Schwarz S, Faber H, Weber P, Pütz B, Loleit V, Weber F, Hohlfeld R, Meinl E, Krumbholz M. Fingolimod induces neuroprotective factors in human astrocytes. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:184. [PMID: 26419927 PMCID: PMC4589103 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0393-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fingolimod (FTY720) is the first sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. The phosphorylated active metabolite FTY720-phosphate (FTY-P) interferes with lymphocyte trafficking. In addition, it accumulates in the CNS and reduces brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS), and neuroprotective effects are hypothesized. Methods Human primary astrocytes as well as human astrocytoma cells were stimulated with FTY-P or S1P. We analyzed gene expression by a genome-wide microarray and validated induced candidate genes by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and ELISA. To identify the S1P-receptor subtypes involved, we applied a membrane-impermeable S1P analog (dihydro-S1P), receptor subtype specific agonists and antagonists, as well as RNAi silencing. Results FTY-P induced leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), interleukin 11 (IL11), and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF) mRNA, as well as secretion of LIF and IL11 protein. In order to mimic an inflammatory milieu as observed in active MS lesions, we combined FTY-P application with tumor necrosis factor (TNF). In the presence of this key inflammatory cytokine, FTY-P synergistically induced LIF, HBEGF, and IL11 mRNA, as well as secretion of LIF and IL11 protein. TNF itself induced inflammatory, B-cell promoting, and antiviral factors (CXCL10, BAFF, MX1, and OAS2). Their induction was blocked by FTY-P. After continuous exposure of cells to FTY-P or S1P for up to 7 days, the extent of induction of neurotrophic factors and the suppression of TNF-induced inflammatory genes declined but was still detectable. The induction of neurotrophic factors was mediated via surface S1P receptors 1 (S1PR1) and 3 (S1PR3). Conclusions We identified effects of FTY-P on astrocytes, namely induction of neurotrophic mediators (LIF, HBEGF, and IL11) and inhibition of TNF-induced inflammatory genes (CXCL10, BAFF, MX1, and OAS2). This supports the view that a part of the effects of fingolimod may be mediated via astrocytes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0393-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska S Hoffmann
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Johann Hofereiter
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Heike Rübsamen
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Johannes Melms
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Technical University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Sigrid Schwarz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Technical University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Hans Faber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany.
| | - Peter Weber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany.
| | - Benno Pütz
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany.
| | - Verena Loleit
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Frank Weber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Hohlfeld
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| | - Edgar Meinl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Markus Krumbholz
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,Center of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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