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Schwaiger C, Haider T, Endmayr V, Zrzavy T, Gruber VE, Ricken G, Simonovska A, Hametner S, Schwab JM, Höftberger R. Dynamic induction of the myelin-associated growth inhibitor Nogo-A in perilesional plasticity regions after human spinal cord injury. Brain Pathol 2023; 33:e13098. [PMID: 35698271 PMCID: PMC9836369 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The myelin-associated inhibitor Nogo-A (Reticulon 4, RTN4) restricts axonal outgrowth, plasticity, and neural circuitry formation in experimental models of spinal cord injury (SCI) and is targeted in clinical interventions starting treatment within 4 weeks post-SCI. Specifically, Nogo-A expressed by oligodendroglia restricts compensatory neurite sprouting. To interrogate the hypothesis of an inducible, lesion reactive Nogo-A expression over time, we analyzed the spatiotemporal Nogo-A expression at the spinal lesion core (region of tissue necrosis and axonal damage/pruning) and perilesional rim (region of plasticity formation). Spinal cord specimens of SCI subjects (n = 22) were compared to neuropathologically unaltered controls (n = 9). Nogo-A expression was investigated ranging from acute (0-3 days), early subacute (4-21 days), late subacute (22-90 days) to early chronic-chronic (91 days to 1.5 years after SCI) stages after SCI. Nogo-A expression in controls is confined to motoneurons in the anterior horn and to oligodendrocytes in gray and white matter. After SCI, the number of Nogo-A+ and TPPP/p25+ oligodendrocytes (i) inclined at the organizing perilesional rim specifically, (ii) increased further over time, and (iii) peaked at chronic stages after SCI. By contrast, at the lesion core, the number of Nogo-A+ and TPPP/p25+ oligodendrocytes did not increase. Increasing numbers of Nogo-A+ oligodendrocytes coincided with oligodendrogenesis corroborated by Nogo-A coexpression of Ki67+ , TPPP/p25+ proliferating oligodendrocytes. Nogo-A oligodendrocyte expression emerges at perilesional (plasticity) regions over time and suggests an extended therapeutical window for anti-Nogo-A pathway targeting interventions beyond 4 weeks in patients after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Schwaiger
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Thomas Haider
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Verena Endmayr
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Tobias Zrzavy
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Victoria E. Gruber
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMedical University of Vienna (Affiliated Partner of the ERN EpiCARE)ViennaAustria
| | - Gerda Ricken
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Anika Simonovska
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Simon Hametner
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Jan M. Schwab
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury and Departments of Neurology, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and NeurosciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Romana Höftberger
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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Bongaarts A, Mijnsbergen C, Anink JJ, Jansen FE, Spliet WGM, den Dunnen WFA, Coras R, Blümcke I, Paulus W, Gruber VE, Scholl T, Hainfellner JA, Feucht M, Kotulska K, Jozwiak S, Grajkowska W, Buccoliero AM, Caporalini C, Giordano F, Genitori L, Söylemezoğlu F, Pimentel J, Jones DTW, Scicluna BP, Schouten-van Meeteren AYN, Mühlebner A, Mills JD, Aronica E. Distinct DNA Methylation Patterns of Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytomas in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2863-2892. [PMID: 34709498 PMCID: PMC9560915 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a monogenic disorder caused by mutations in either the TSC1 or TSC2 gene, two key regulators of the mechanistic target of the rapamycin complex pathway. Phenotypically, this leads to growth and formation of hamartomas in several organs, including the brain. Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs) are low-grade brain tumors commonly associated with TSC. Recently, gene expression studies provided evidence that the immune system, the MAPK pathway and extracellular matrix organization play an important role in SEGA development. However, the precise mechanisms behind the gene expression changes in SEGA are still largely unknown, providing a potential role for DNA methylation. We investigated the methylation profile of SEGAs using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (SEGAs n = 42, periventricular control n = 8). The SEGA methylation profile was enriched for the adaptive immune system, T cell activation, leukocyte mediated immunity, extracellular structure organization and the ERK1 & ERK2 cascade. More interestingly, we identified two subgroups in the SEGA methylation data and show that the differentially expressed genes between the two subgroups are related to the MAPK cascade and adaptive immune response. Overall, this study shows that the immune system, the MAPK pathway and extracellular matrix organization are also affected on DNA methylation level, suggesting that therapeutic intervention on DNA level could be useful for these specific pathways in SEGA. Moreover, we identified two subgroups in SEGA that seem to be driven by changes in the adaptive immune response and MAPK pathway and could potentially hold predictive information on target treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Bongaarts
- Department of Neuro Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Mijnsbergen
- Department of Neuro Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Anink
- Department of Neuro Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floor E Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Brain Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim G M Spliet
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F A den Dunnen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Coras
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingmar Blümcke
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Werner Paulus
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Victoria E Gruber
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Scholl
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes A Hainfellner
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martha Feucht
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katarzyna Kotulska
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sergiusz Jozwiak
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Child Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wieslawa Grajkowska
- Department of Pathology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Flavio Giordano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Genitori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Figen Söylemezoğlu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - José Pimentel
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHULN), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David T W Jones
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Pediatric Glioma Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brendon P Scicluna
- Center for Experimental & Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Y N Schouten-van Meeteren
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angelika Mühlebner
- Department of Neuro Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - James D Mills
- Department of Neuro Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of Neuro Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands
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3
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Bongaarts A, de Jong JM, Broekaart DWM, van Scheppingen J, Anink JJ, Mijnsbergen C, Jansen FE, Spliet WGM, den Dunnen WFA, Gruber VE, Scholl T, Hainfellner JA, Feucht M, Borkowska J, Kotulska K, Jozwiak S, Grajkowska W, Buccoliero AM, Caporalini C, Giordano F, Genitori L, Scicluna BP, Schouten-van Meeteren AYN, van Vliet EA, Mühlebner A, Mills JD, Aronica E. Dysregulation of the MMP/TIMP Proteolytic System in Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytomas in Patients With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Modulation of MMP by MicroRNA-320d In Vitro. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 79:777-790. [PMID: 32472129 PMCID: PMC7304985 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a rare genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the TSC1 or TSC2 gene, is characterized by the growth of hamartomas in several organs. This includes the growth of low-grade brain tumors, known as subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGA). Previous studies have shown differential expression of genes related to the extracellular matrix in SEGA. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) are responsible for remodeling the extracellular matrix and are associated with tumorigenesis. This study aimed to investigate the MMP/TIMP proteolytic system in SEGA and the regulation of MMPs by microRNAs, which are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. We investigated the expression of MMPs and TIMPs using previously produced RNA-Sequencing data, real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry in TSC-SEGA samples and controls. We found altered expression of several MMPs and TIMPs in SEGA compared to controls. We identified the lowly expressed miR-320d in SEGA as a potential regulator of MMPs, which can decrease MMP2 expression in human fetal astrocyte cultures. This study provides evidence of a dysregulated MMP/TIMP proteolytic system in SEGA of which MMP2 could be rescued by microRNA-320d. Therefore, further elucidating microRNA-mediated MMP regulation may provide insights into SEGA pathogenesis and identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Bongaarts
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jody M de Jong
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diede W M Broekaart
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jackelien van Scheppingen
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Anink
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Mijnsbergen
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floor E Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim G M Spliet
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands (WGMS); Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (WFAdD)
| | | | - Victoria E Gruber
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Scholl
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Martha Feucht
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julita Borkowska
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kotulska
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sergiusz Jozwiak
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Child Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wieslawa Grajkowska
- Department of Pathology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Flavio Giordano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Genitori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Brendon P Scicluna
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Center for Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam
| | - Antoinette Y N Schouten-van Meeteren
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angelika Mühlebner
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James D Mills
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands
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4
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Bongaarts A, van Scheppingen J, Korotkov A, Mijnsbergen C, Anink JJ, Jansen FE, Spliet WGM, den Dunnen WFA, Gruber VE, Scholl T, Samueli S, Hainfellner JA, Feucht M, Kotulska K, Jozwiak S, Grajkowska W, Buccoliero AM, Caporalini C, Giordano F, Genitori L, Coras R, Blümcke I, Krsek P, Zamecnik J, Meijer L, Scicluna BP, Schouten-van Meeteren AYN, Mühlebner A, Mills JD, Aronica E. The coding and non-coding transcriptional landscape of subependymal giant cell astrocytomas. Brain 2020; 143:131-149. [PMID: 31834371 PMCID: PMC6935755 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominantly inherited neurocutaneous disorder caused by inactivating mutations in TSC1 or TSC2, key regulators of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway. In the CNS, TSC is characterized by cortical tubers, subependymal nodules and subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs). SEGAs may lead to impaired circulation of CSF resulting in hydrocephalus and raised intracranial pressure in patients with TSC. Currently, surgical resection and mTORC1 inhibitors are the recommended treatment options for patients with SEGA. In the present study, high-throughput RNA-sequencing (SEGAs n = 19, periventricular control n = 8) was used in combination with computational approaches to unravel the complexity of SEGA development. We identified 9400 mRNAs and 94 microRNAs differentially expressed in SEGAs compared to control tissue. The SEGA transcriptome profile was enriched for the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, a major regulator of cell proliferation and survival. Analysis at the protein level confirmed that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is activated in SEGAs. Subsequently, the inhibition of ERK independently of mTORC1 blockade decreased efficiently the proliferation of primary patient-derived SEGA cultures. Furthermore, we found that LAMTOR1, LAMTOR2, LAMTOR3, LAMTOR4 and LAMTOR5 were overexpressed at both gene and protein levels in SEGA compared to control tissue. Taken together LAMTOR1-5 can form a complex, known as the 'Ragulator' complex, which is known to activate both mTORC1 and MAPK/ERK pathways. Overall, this study shows that the MAPK/ERK pathway could be used as a target for treatment independent of, or in combination with mTORC1 inhibitors for TSC patients. Moreover, our study provides initial evidence of a possible link between the constitutive activated mTORC1 pathway and a secondary driver pathway of tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Bongaarts
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anatoly Korotkov
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Mijnsbergen
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Anink
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floor E Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim G M Spliet
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F A den Dunnen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Victoria E Gruber
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Scholl
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sharon Samueli
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Martha Feucht
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katarzyna Kotulska
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sergiusz Jozwiak
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Child Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wieslawa Grajkowska
- Department of Pathology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Flavio Giordano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Genitori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Roland Coras
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingmar Blümcke
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pavel Krsek
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zamecnik
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lisethe Meijer
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Brendon P Scicluna
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Y N Schouten-van Meeteren
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angelika Mühlebner
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James D Mills
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), The Netherlands
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