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Sviridov AV, Karpov MV, Fokina VV, Donova MV. Cholesterol Assay Based on Recombinant Cholesterol Oxidase, ABTS, and Horseradish Peroxidase. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2704:157-171. [PMID: 37642843 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3385-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol determination by cholesterol oxidase reaction is a fast, convenient, and highly specific approach with widespread use in clinical diagnostics. Routinely, endpoint measurements with 4-aminophenazone or 4-aminoantipyrine as chromogens and sodium cholate, surfactants, or alcohols as solubilizing agents are used. Here we describe a novel kinetic method to determine cholesterol in 0.05-0.75 mM range in neutral or acidic buffers by use of recombinant cholesterol oxidase from Nocardioides simplex in a coupled reaction with horseradish peroxidase, ABTS as a chromogen, and methyl-β-cyclodextrin as a solubilizing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Sviridov
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Karpov
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Russia
| | - Victoria V Fokina
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Russia
| | - Marina V Donova
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Russia
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Fokina VV, Karpov MV, Kollerov VV, Bragin EY, Epiktetov DO, Sviridov AV, Kazantsev AV, Shutov AA, Donova MV. Recombinant Extracellular Cholesterol Oxidase from Nocardioides simplex. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2022; 87:903-915. [PMID: 36180991 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922090048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol oxidase is a highly demanded enzyme used in medicine, pharmacy, agriculture, chemistry, and biotechnology. It catalyzes oxidation of 3β-hydroxy-5-ene- to 3-keto-4-ene- steroids with the formation of hydrogen peroxide. Here, we expressed 6xHis-tagged mature form of the extracellular cholesterol oxidase (ChO) from the actinobacterium Nocardioides simplex VKM Ac-2033D (55.6 kDa) in Escherichia coli cells. The recombinant enzyme (ChONs) was purified using affinity chromatography. ChONs proved to be functional towards cholesterol, cholestanol, phytosterol, pregnenolone, and dehydroepiandrosterone. Its activity depended on the structure and length of the aliphatic side chain at C17 atom of the steroid nucleus and was lower with pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone. The enzyme was active in a pH range of 5.25÷6.5 with the pH optimum at 6.0. Kinetic assays and storage stability tests demonstrated that the characteristics of ChONs were generally comparable with or superior to those of commercial ChO from Streptomyces hygroscopicus (ChOSh). The results contribute to the knowledge on microbial ChOs and evidence that ChO from N. simplex VKM Ac-2033D is a promising agent for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria V Fokina
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Mikhail V Karpov
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Vyacheslav V Kollerov
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Eugeny Yu Bragin
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Dmitry O Epiktetov
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Alexey V Sviridov
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Alexey V Kazantsev
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Andrey A Shutov
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Marina V Donova
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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Poshekhontseva VY, Fokina VV, Tarlachkov SV, Machulin AV, Shutov AA, Donova MV. Streptomyces tsukubensis VKM Aс-2618D-an Effective Producer of Tacrolimus. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2021; 57:939-948. [PMID: 34924587 PMCID: PMC8670718 DOI: 10.1134/s0003683821090064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Streptomyces sp. VKM Ac-2618D strain has been identified, and its morphological and physiological features have been studied in relation to the production of the immunosuppressant tacrolimus. The phenotypic variability of the strain was analyzed, and a dissociant with a high level of tacrolimus production was selected. Based on a comprehensive study of morphological, physiological, and chemotaxonomic properties and on phylogenetic analysis, the strain was named Streptomyces tsukubensis VKM Ac-2618D. The strain genome contains the full version of the tacrolimus biosynthetic gene cluster. The advantages of fed-batch cultivation mode for tacrolimus biosynthesis are shown. The results broaden the understanding of the characteristics of polyketide biosynthesis and can be used in the development of technology for tacrolimus production.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Yu Poshekhontseva
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow oblast Russia.,Pharmins, Ltd, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow oblast Russia
| | - V V Fokina
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow oblast Russia.,Pharmins, Ltd, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow oblast Russia
| | - S V Tarlachkov
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow oblast Russia.,Branch of the Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow oblast Russia
| | - A V Machulin
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow oblast Russia
| | - A A Shutov
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow oblast Russia.,Pharmins, Ltd, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow oblast Russia
| | - M V Donova
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow oblast Russia.,Pharmins, Ltd, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow oblast Russia
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Shtratnikova VY, Sсhelkunov MI, Fokina VV, Bragin EY, Shutov AA, Donova MV. Different genome-wide transcriptome responses of Nocardioides simplex VKM Ac-2033D to phytosterol and cortisone 21-acetate. BMC Biotechnol 2021; 21:7. [PMID: 33441120 PMCID: PMC7807495 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-021-00668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial degradation/transformation of steroids is widely investigated to create biotechnologically relevant strains for industrial application. The strain of Nocardioides simplex VKM Ac-2033D is well known mainly for its superior 3-ketosteroid Δ1-dehydrogenase activity towards various 3-oxosteroids and other important reactions of sterol degradation. However, its biocatalytic capacities and the molecular fundamentals of its activity towards natural sterols and synthetic steroids were not fully understood. In this study, a comparative investigation of the genome-wide transcriptome profiling of the N. simplex VKM Ac-2033D grown on phytosterol, or in the presence of cortisone 21-acetate was performed with RNA-seq. RESULTS Although the gene patterns induced by phytosterol generally resemble the gene sets involved in phytosterol degradation pathways in mycolic acid rich actinobacteria such as Mycolicibacterium, Mycobacterium and Rhodococcus species, the differences in gene organization and previously unreported genes with high expression level were revealed. Transcription of the genes related to KstR- and KstR2-regulons was mainly enhanced in response to phytosterol, and the role in steroid catabolism is predicted for some dozens of the genes in N. simplex. New transcription factors binding motifs and new candidate transcription regulators of steroid catabolism were predicted in N. simplex. Unlike phytosterol, cortisone 21-acetate does not provide induction of the genes with predicted KstR and KstR2 sites. Superior 3-ketosteroid-Δ1-dehydrogenase activity of N. simplex VKM Ac-2033D is due to the kstDs redundancy in the genome, with the highest expression level of the gene KR76_27125 orthologous to kstD2, in response to cortisone 21-acetate. The substrate spectrum of N. simplex 3-ketosteroid-Δ1-dehydrogenase was expanded in this study with progesterone and its 17α-hydroxylated and 11α,17α-dihydroxylated derivatives, that effectively were 1(2)-dehydrogenated in vivo by the whole cells of the N. simplex VKM Ac-2033D. CONCLUSION The results contribute to the knowledge of biocatalytic features and diversity of steroid modification capabilities of actinobacteria, defining targets for further bioengineering manipulations with the purpose of expansion of their biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Yu Shtratnikova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, h. 1, b. 40, Moscow, Russian Federation 119991
| | - Mikhail I. Sсhelkunov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobelya str., 3, Moscow, Russian Federation 121205
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Karetny per., h. 19, b. 1, Moscow, Russian Federation 127994
| | - Victoria V. Fokina
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, pr. Nauki, 5, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation 142290
- Pharmins, Ltd., R&D, Institutskaya str, 4, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation 142290
| | - Eugeny Y. Bragin
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, pr. Nauki, 5, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation 142290
| | - Andrey A. Shutov
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, pr. Nauki, 5, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation 142290
- Pharmins, Ltd., R&D, Institutskaya str, 4, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation 142290
| | - Marina V. Donova
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, pr. Nauki, 5, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation 142290
- Pharmins, Ltd., R&D, Institutskaya str, 4, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation 142290
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Lobastova TG, Fokina VV, Bragin EY, Shtratnikova VY, Starodumova IP, Tarlachkov SV, Donova MV. Draft Genome Sequence of the Moderately Thermophilic Actinobacterial Steroid-Transforming Saccharopolyspora hirsuta subsp. hirsuta Strain VKM Ac-666 T. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:e01327-19. [PMID: 31896645 PMCID: PMC6940297 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01327-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The draft genome sequence of the type strain Saccharopolyspora hirsuta subsp. hirsuta VKM Ac-666 was sequenced. This moderately thermophilic actinobacterial strain of sugarcane bagasse origin is able to transform different steroid substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana G Lobastova
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center, Pushchino, Russian Federation
| | - Victoria V Fokina
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center, Pushchino, Russian Federation
| | - Eugeny Y Bragin
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center, Pushchino, Russian Federation
| | - Victoriya Y Shtratnikova
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Irina P Starodumova
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center, Pushchino, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey V Tarlachkov
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center, Pushchino, Russian Federation
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russian Federation
| | - Marina V Donova
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center, Pushchino, Russian Federation
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Shtratnikova VY, Schelkunov MI, Fokina VV, Pekov YA, Ivashina T, Donova MV. Genome-wide bioinformatics analysis of steroid metabolism-associated genes in Nocardioides simplex VKM Ac-2033D. Curr Genet 2016; 62:643-56. [PMID: 26832142 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-016-0568-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacteria comprise diverse groups of bacteria capable of full degradation, or modification of different steroid compounds. Steroid catabolism has been characterized best for the representatives of suborder Corynebacterineae, such as Mycobacteria, Rhodococcus and Gordonia, with high content of mycolic acids in the cell envelope, while it is poorly understood for other steroid-transforming actinobacteria, such as representatives of Nocardioides genus belonging to suborder Propionibacterineae. Nocardioides simplex VKM Ac-2033D is an important biotechnological strain which is known for its ability to introduce ∆(1)-double bond in various 1(2)-saturated 3-ketosteroids, and perform convertion of 3β-hydroxy-5-ene steroids to 3-oxo-4-ene steroids, hydrolysis of acetylated steroids, reduction of carbonyl groups at C-17 and C-20 of androstanes and pregnanes, respectively. The strain is also capable of utilizing cholesterol and phytosterol as carbon and energy sources. In this study, a comprehensive bioinformatics genome-wide screening was carried out to predict genes related to steroid metabolism in this organism, their clustering and possible regulation. The predicted operon structure and number of candidate gene copies paralogs have been estimated. Binding sites of steroid catabolism regulators KstR and KstR2 specified for N. simplex VKM Ac-2033D have been calculated de novo. Most of the candidate genes grouped within three main clusters, one of the predicted clusters having no analogs in other actinobacteria studied so far. The results offer a base for further functional studies, expand the understanding of steroid catabolism by actinobacteria, and will contribute to modifying of metabolic pathways in order to generate effective biocatalysts capable of producing valuable bioactive steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Y Shtratnikova
- Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, h. 1, b. 73, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Mikhail I Schelkunov
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Karetny per. 19, b. 1, Moscow, 127051, Russian Federation
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, h. 1, b. 41, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Victoria V Fokina
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 5, Puschino, Moscow, 142290, Russian Federation
| | - Yury A Pekov
- Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, h. 1, b. 73, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Tanya Ivashina
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 5, Puschino, Moscow, 142290, Russian Federation
| | - Marina V Donova
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 5, Puschino, Moscow, 142290, Russian Federation
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Kollerov VV, Fokina VV, Sukhodolskaya GV, Shutov AA, Donova MV. [11beta-Hydroxylation of 6alpha-Fluoro-16alpha-Methyl-Deoxycorticosterone 21-Acetate by filamentous fungi]. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol 2015; 51:161-73. [PMID: 26027351 DOI: 10.7868/s0555109915020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Selected filamentous fungi--98 strains of 31 genera--were screened for the ability to catalyze 11beta-hydroxylation of 6alpha-fluoro-16alpha-methyl-deoxycorticosterone 21-acetate (FM-DCA). It was established that representatives of the genera Gongronella, Scopulariopsis, Epicoccum, and Curvularia have the ability to activate 11beta-hydroxylase steroids. The strains of Curvularia lunata VKM F-644 and Gongronella butleri VKM F-1033 expressed maximal activity and formed 6lpha-fluoro-16alpha-methyl-corticosterone as a major bioconversion product from FM-DCA. The structures of the major products and intermediates of the bioconversion were confirmed by TLC, H PLC, MS and 1H NMR analyses. Different pathways of 6alpha-fluoro-16alpha-methyl-corticosterone formation by C. lunata and G. butleri strains were proposed based on intermediate identification. The constitutive character and membrane-binding localization were evidence of a 11beta-hydroxylating system in G. butleri, while an inducible character and microsomal localization was confirmed for 11beta-hydroxylase of C. lunata. Under optimized conditions, the molar yield of 6alpha-fluoro-16alpha-methyl-corticosterone reached 65% at a FM-DCA substrate loading of 6 g/L.
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Kollerov VV, Shutov AA, Fokina VV, Sukhodol'skaia GV, Gulevskaia SA, Donova MV. [Bioconversion of C19- and C21-steroids with parent and mutant strains of Curvularia lunata]. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol 2010; 46:212-220. [PMID: 20391766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Regio- and stereospecificity of microbial hydroxylation was studied at the transformation of 3-keto-4-ene steroids of androstane and pregnane series by the filamentous fungus of Curvularia lunata VKMF-644. The products of the transformations were isolated by column chromatography and identified using HPLC, mass-spectrometry (MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) analyses. Androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (AD) and its 1(2)-dehydro- and 9alpha-hydroxylated (9-OH-AD) derivatives were hydroxylated by the fungus mainly in position 14alpha, while 6alpha-, 6beta- and 7alpha-hydroxylated products were revealed in minor amounts. At the transformation of C21-steroids (cortexolone and its acetylated derivatives) the presence of 17-acetyl group was shown to facilitate further selectivity of 11beta-hydroxylation. Original procedures for protoplasts obtaining, mutagenesis and mutant strain selection have been developed. A stable mutant (M4) of C. lunata with high 11beta-hydroxylase activity towards 21-acetate and 17alpha,21-diacetate of cortexolone was obtained. Yield of 11beta-hydroxylated products reached about 90% at the transformation of 17alpha, 21-diacetate of cortexolone using mutant strain M4.
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Kollerov VV, Shutov AA, Fokina VV, Sukhodol'skaya GV, Donova MV. Biotransformation of 3-keto-androstanes by Gongronella butleri VKM F-1033. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2008.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
The conversion of 21-acetoxy-pregna-4(5),9(11),16(17)-triene-21-ol-3,20-dione (I) by Nocardioides simplex VKM Ac-2033D was studied purposed selective production of its 1(2)-dehydroanalogues-value precursors in the synthesis of modern glucocorticoids starting from 9alpha-hydroxyandrostenes. 21-Acetoxy-pregna-1(2),4(5),9(11),16(17)-tetraene-21-ol-3,20-dione (II), pregna-4(5),9(11),16(17)-triene-21-ol-3,20-dione (III) and pregna-1(2),4(5),9(11),16(17)-tetraene-21-ol-3,20-dione (IV) were revealed as metabolites, and the structures were confirmed by mass spectrometry and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The metabolic pathways of I by N. simplex included 1(2)-dehydrogenation and deacetylation. The sequence of the reactions was shown to depend on the transformation conditions. The presence of both soluble and membrane associated steroid esterases in N. simplex was demonstrated using cell fractionation. Unlike inducible 1(2)-dehydrogenase, steroid esterase was shown to be constitutive. The conditions providing selective accumulation of II from I by whole N. simplex cells were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria V Fokina
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, pr. Nauki 5, 142290 Moscow region, Russia.
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Fokina VV, Sukhodolskaya GV, Baskunov BP, Turchin KF, Grinenko GS, Donova MV. Microbial conversion of pregna-4,9(11)-diene-17alpha,21-diol-3,20-dione acetates by Nocardioides simplex VKM Ac-2033D. Steroids 2003; 68:415-21. [PMID: 12798492 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-128x(03)00043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of pregna-4,9(11)-diene-17alpha,21-diol-3,20-dione 21-acetate (I) and 17,21-diacetate (VI) by Nocardioides simplex VKM Ac-2033D was studied. The major metabolites formed from I were identified as pregna-1,4,9(11)-triene-17alpha,21-diol-3,20-dione 21-acetate (II) and pregna-1,4,9(11)-triene-17alpha,21-diol-3,20-dione (IV). Pregna-4,9(11)-diene-17alpha,21-diol-3,20-dione (III) and pregna-1,4,9(11)-triene-17alpha,20beta,21-triol-3-one (V) were formed in minorities. Biotransformation products formed from VI were pregna-1,4,9(11)-triene-17alpha,21-diol-3,20-dione 17,21-diacetate (VII), pregna-1,4,9(11)-triene-17alpha,21-diol-3,20-dione 21-acetate (II), pregna-1,4,9(11)-triene-17alpha,21-diol-3,20-dione (IV), pregna-1,4,9(11)-triene-17alpha,21-diol-3,20-dione 17-acetate (VIII), pregna-1,4,9(11)-triene-17alpha,20beta,21-triol-3-one (V). The conversion pathways were proposed including 1(2)-dehydrogenation, deacetylation, 20beta-reduction and non-enzymatic migration of acyl group from position 17 to 21. The conditions providing predominant accumulation of pregna-1,4,9(11)-triene-17alpha,21-diol-3,20-dione 21-acetate (II) from I and pregna-1,4,9(11)-triene-17alpha,21-diol-3,20-dione 17-acetate (VIII) from VI in a short-term biotransformation were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria V Fokina
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, pr. Nauki 5, 142290 Moscow region, Russia.
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Fokina VV, Sukhodol'skaia GV, Gulevskaia SA, Gavrish EI, Evtushenko LI, Donova MV. [The 1(2)-dehydrogenation of steroid substrates by Nocardioides simplex VKM Ac-2033D]. Mikrobiologiia 2003; 72:33-9. [PMID: 12698789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The bacterium formerly known as Arthrobacter globiformis 193 has high 1(2)-dehydrogenase activity toward pharmaceutically important steroids, 9(11)-dehydrocortexolone in particular. The complex analysis of the morphostructural, physiological, biochemical, and phylogenetic properties of this bacterium allowed us to reclassify it into Nocardioides simplex (N. simplex VKM Ac-2033D).
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Fokina
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow Oblast, 142290 Russia
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Anan'in VM, Fokina VV, Sukhodol'skaia GV, Donova MV. [Preparation of fed-batch culture of Nocardioides sp]. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol 2002; 38:664-8. [PMID: 12449797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
A screening for carbon sources revealed ethanol to be the best substrate for condensed Nocardioides sp. culture. A strategy achieving the maximum (21 g/l) yield of biomass was developed for the control over the condensed fed-batch culture production. This control based on the algorithm ExpoDense should be predetermined in the first phase and adaptive in the second phase of two-phase process of condensed culture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Anan'in
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Oblast, 142290 Russia
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Donova MV, Kuzkina IF, Arinbasarova AY, Pashkin II, Markvicheva EA, Baklashova TG, Sukhodolskaya GV, Fokina VV, Kirsh YE, Koshcheyenko KA, Zubov VP. Poly-N-vinylcaprolactam gel: A novel matrix for entrapment of microorganisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00155473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Krushinskiĭ LV, Dashevskiĭ BA, Fokina VV. [The capacity of dogs to solve problems by operating with the empirical dimensions of figures]. Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova 1976; 26:280-7. [PMID: 1274459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An investigation was made into the dogs capacity for operating with empirical dimensions of figures, i.e. the animal's capacity for solving problems based on the fact that out of two figures a volumetric bait can be placed only in a volumetric figure and not in a flat one. In experiments using two methods (single and multiple presentations of figures, each time of a new pair), the dogs were incapable of solving the problems. They were able, however, to elaborate in the course of learning a visual differentiation of a volumetric figure from a flat one, which implies the formation of a generalization of the volume cue as the only invariant in all the pairs of figures. The investigation into operation with empirical dimensions of figures as one of the objective parameters in estimating elementary reasoning activity of animals indicates that by this criterion dogs range in the philogenetic series by far lower than the previously studied marmoset monkeys and dolphins.
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