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Kessler D, Mayer M, Zahn SK, Zeeb M, Wöhrle S, Bergner A, Bruchhaus J, Ciftci T, Dahmann G, Dettling M, Döbel S, Fuchs JE, Geist L, Hela W, Kofink C, Kousek R, Moser F, Puchner T, Rumpel K, Scharnweber M, Werni P, Wolkerstorfer B, Breitsprecher D, Baaske P, Pearson M, McConnell DB, Böttcher J. Front Cover: Getting a Grip on the Undrugged: Targeting β‐Catenin with Fragment‐Based Methods (9/2021). ChemMedChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Kessler
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5–11 1121 Vienna Austria
| | - Moriz Mayer
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5–11 1121 Vienna Austria
| | - Stephan K. Zahn
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5–11 1121 Vienna Austria
| | - Markus Zeeb
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG Birkendorfer Straße 65 88397 Biberach Germany
| | - Simon Wöhrle
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5–11 1121 Vienna Austria
| | - Andreas Bergner
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5–11 1121 Vienna Austria
| | - Jens Bruchhaus
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5–11 1121 Vienna Austria
| | - Tuncay Ciftci
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG Birkendorfer Straße 65 88397 Biberach Germany
| | - Georg Dahmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG Birkendorfer Straße 65 88397 Biberach Germany
| | - Maike Dettling
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5–11 1121 Vienna Austria
| | - Sandra Döbel
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5–11 1121 Vienna Austria
| | - Julian E. Fuchs
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5–11 1121 Vienna Austria
| | - Leonhard Geist
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5–11 1121 Vienna Austria
| | - Wolfgang Hela
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5–11 1121 Vienna Austria
| | - Christiane Kofink
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5–11 1121 Vienna Austria
| | - Roland Kousek
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5–11 1121 Vienna Austria
| | - Franziska Moser
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG Birkendorfer Straße 65 88397 Biberach Germany
| | - Teresa Puchner
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5–11 1121 Vienna Austria
| | - Klaus Rumpel
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5–11 1121 Vienna Austria
| | | | - Patrick Werni
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5–11 1121 Vienna Austria
| | | | - Dennis Breitsprecher
- NanoTemper Technologies GmbH Floessergasse 4 81369 Muenchen Germany
- Leica Microsystems AG Max Schmidheiny-Strasse 201 9435 Heerbrugg Switzerland
| | - Philipp Baaske
- NanoTemper Technologies GmbH Floessergasse 4 81369 Muenchen Germany
| | - Mark Pearson
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5–11 1121 Vienna Austria
| | - Darryl B. McConnell
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5–11 1121 Vienna Austria
| | - Jark Böttcher
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5–11 1121 Vienna Austria
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Ramharter J, Kessler D, Ettmayer P, Hofmann MH, Gerstberger T, Gmachl M, Wunberg T, Kofink C, Sanderson M, Arnhof H, Bader G, Rumpel K, Zöphel A, Schnitzer R, Böttcher J, O'Connell JC, Mendes RL, Richard D, Pototschnig N, Weiner I, Hela W, Hauer K, Haering D, Lamarre L, Wolkerstorfer B, Salamon C, Werni P, Munico-Martinez S, Meyer R, Kennedy MD, Kraut N, McConnell DB. One Atom Makes All the Difference: Getting a Foot in the Door between SOS1 and KRAS. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6569-6580. [PMID: 33719426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
KRAS, the most common oncogenic driver in human cancers, is controlled and signals primarily through protein-protein interactions (PPIs). The interaction between KRAS and SOS1, crucial for the activation of KRAS, is a typical, challenging PPI with a large contact surface area and high affinity. Here, we report that the addition of only one atom placed between Y884SOS1 and A73KRAS is sufficient to convert SOS1 activators into SOS1 inhibitors. We also disclose the discovery of BI-3406. Combination with the upstream EGFR inhibitor afatinib shows in vivo efficacy against KRASG13D mutant colorectal tumor cells, demonstrating the utility of BI-3406 to probe SOS1 biology. These findings challenge the dogma that large molecules are required to disrupt challenging PPIs. Instead, a "foot in the door" approach, whereby single atoms or small functional groups placed between key PPI interactions, can lead to potent inhibitors even for challenging PPIs such as SOS1-KRAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Ramharter
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dirk Kessler
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Ettmayer
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco H Hofmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Gerstberger
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Gmachl
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Wunberg
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiane Kofink
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Sanderson
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heribert Arnhof
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerd Bader
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Rumpel
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Zöphel
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Schnitzer
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jark Böttcher
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonathan C O'Connell
- Forma Therapeutics, 500 Arsenal Street, Suite 100, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Rachel L Mendes
- Forma Therapeutics, 500 Arsenal Street, Suite 100, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - David Richard
- Forma Therapeutics, 500 Arsenal Street, Suite 100, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Nikolai Pototschnig
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Weiner
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Hela
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katja Hauer
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Haering
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lyne Lamarre
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Wolkerstorfer
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Salamon
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Werni
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Munico-Martinez
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Reiner Meyer
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthew D Kennedy
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert Kraut
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
| | - Darryl B McConnell
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, A-1121 Vienna, Austria
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Kessler D, Mayer M, Zahn SK, Zeeb M, Wöhrle S, Bergner A, Bruchhaus J, Ciftci T, Dahmann G, Dettling M, Döbel S, Fuchs JE, Geist L, Hela W, Kofink C, Kousek R, Moser F, Puchner T, Rumpel K, Scharnweber M, Werni P, Wolkerstorfer B, Breitsprecher D, Baaske P, Pearson M, McConnell DB, Böttcher J. Getting a Grip on the Undrugged: Targeting β-Catenin with Fragment-Based Methods. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1420-1424. [PMID: 33275320 PMCID: PMC8247886 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant WNT pathway activation, leading to nuclear accumulation of β‐catenin, is a key oncogenic driver event. Mutations in the tumor suppressor gene APC lead to impaired proteasomal degradation of β‐catenin and subsequent nuclear translocation. Restoring cellular degradation of β‐catenin represents a potential therapeutic strategy. Here, we report the fragment‐based discovery of a small molecule binder to β‐catenin, including the structural elucidation of the binding mode by X‐ray crystallography. The difficulty in drugging β‐catenin was confirmed as the primary screening campaigns identified only few and very weak hits. Iterative virtual and NMR screening techniques were required to discover a compound with sufficient potency to be able to obtain an X‐ray co‐crystal structure. The binding site is located between armadillo repeats two and three, adjacent to the BCL9 and TCF4 binding sites. Genetic studies show that it is unlikely to be useful for the development of protein–protein interaction inhibitors but structural information and established assays provide a solid basis for a prospective optimization towards β‐catenin proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) as alternative modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Kessler
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Moriz Mayer
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan K Zahn
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Zeeb
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Simon Wöhrle
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergner
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jens Bruchhaus
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tuncay Ciftci
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Georg Dahmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Maike Dettling
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Döbel
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian E Fuchs
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonhard Geist
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Hela
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiane Kofink
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Kousek
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Moser
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Teresa Puchner
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Rumpel
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Patrick Werni
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Dennis Breitsprecher
- NanoTemper Technologies GmbH, Floessergasse 4, 81369, Muenchen, Germany.,Leica Microsystems AG, Max Schmidheiny-Strasse 201, 9435, Heerbrugg, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Baaske
- NanoTemper Technologies GmbH, Floessergasse 4, 81369, Muenchen, Germany
| | - Mark Pearson
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Darryl B McConnell
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jark Böttcher
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Dr.-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1121, Vienna, Austria
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Bergner A, Cockcroft X, Fischer G, Gollner A, Hela W, Kousek R, Mantoulidis A, Martin LJ, Mayer M, Müllauer B, Siszler G, Wolkerstorfer B, Kessler D, McConnell DB. Front Cover: KRAS Binders Hidden in Nature (Chem. Eur. J. 52/2019). Chemistry 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bergner
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11 1120 Vienna Austria
| | - Xiaoling Cockcroft
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11 1120 Vienna Austria
| | - Gerhard Fischer
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11 1120 Vienna Austria
| | - Andreas Gollner
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11 1120 Vienna Austria
| | - Wolfgang Hela
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11 1120 Vienna Austria
| | - Roland Kousek
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11 1120 Vienna Austria
| | - Andreas Mantoulidis
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11 1120 Vienna Austria
| | - Laetitia J. Martin
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11 1120 Vienna Austria
- Present address: F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Grenzacherstrasse 124 4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Moriz Mayer
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11 1120 Vienna Austria
| | - Barbara Müllauer
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11 1120 Vienna Austria
| | - Gabriella Siszler
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11 1120 Vienna Austria
| | | | - Dirk Kessler
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11 1120 Vienna Austria
| | - Darryl B. McConnell
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11 1120 Vienna Austria
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5
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Kessler D, Gmachl M, Mantoulidis A, Martin LJ, Zoephel A, Mayer M, Gollner A, Covini D, Fischer S, Gerstberger T, Gmaschitz T, Goodwin C, Greb P, Häring D, Hela W, Hoffmann J, Karolyi-Oezguer J, Knesl P, Kornigg S, Koegl M, Kousek R, Lamarre L, Moser F, Munico-Martinez S, Peinsipp C, Phan J, Rinnenthal J, Sai J, Salamon C, Scherbantin Y, Schipany K, Schnitzer R, Schrenk A, Sharps B, Siszler G, Sun Q, Waterson A, Wolkerstorfer B, Zeeb M, Pearson M, Fesik SW, McConnell DB. Drugging an undruggable pocket on KRAS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:15823-15829. [PMID: 31332011 PMCID: PMC6689897 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904529116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3 human RAS genes, KRAS, NRAS, and HRAS, encode 4 different RAS proteins which belong to the protein family of small GTPases that function as binary molecular switches involved in cell signaling. Activating mutations in RAS are among the most common oncogenic drivers in human cancers, with KRAS being the most frequently mutated oncogene. Although KRAS is an excellent drug discovery target for many cancers, and despite decades of research, no therapeutic agent directly targeting RAS has been clinically approved. Using structure-based drug design, we have discovered BI-2852 (1), a KRAS inhibitor that binds with nanomolar affinity to a pocket, thus far perceived to be "undruggable," between switch I and II on RAS; 1 is mechanistically distinct from covalent KRASG12C inhibitors because it binds to a different pocket present in both the active and inactive forms of KRAS. In doing so, it blocks all GEF, GAP, and effector interactions with KRAS, leading to inhibition of downstream signaling and an antiproliferative effect in the low micromolar range in KRAS mutant cells. These findings clearly demonstrate that this so-called switch I/II pocket is indeed druggable and provide the scientific community with a chemical probe that simultaneously targets the active and inactive forms of KRAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Kessler
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Gmachl
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Mantoulidis
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Laetitia J Martin
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Zoephel
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Moriz Mayer
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Gollner
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - David Covini
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Silke Fischer
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Gerstberger
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Teresa Gmaschitz
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Craig Goodwin
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Peter Greb
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Häring
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Hela
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Hoffmann
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jale Karolyi-Oezguer
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petr Knesl
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kornigg
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manfred Koegl
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Kousek
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lyne Lamarre
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Moser
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, D-88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Silvia Munico-Martinez
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Peinsipp
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jason Phan
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Jörg Rinnenthal
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jiqing Sai
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Christian Salamon
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yvonne Scherbantin
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Schipany
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Schnitzer
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Schrenk
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernadette Sharps
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriella Siszler
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Alex Waterson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37235
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Bernhard Wolkerstorfer
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Zeeb
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, D-88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Mark Pearson
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephen W Fesik
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37235
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37235
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Darryl B McConnell
- Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Regional Center Vienna GmbH & Co KG, 1120 Vienna, Austria;
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6
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Bergner A, Cockcroft X, Fischer G, Gollner A, Hela W, Kousek R, Mantoulidis A, Martin LJ, Mayer M, Müllauer B, Siszler G, Wolkerstorfer B, Kessler D, McConnell DB. KRAS Binders Hidden in Nature. Chemistry 2019; 25:12037-12041. [PMID: 31231840 PMCID: PMC6772028 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have proven to be a rich source of molecular architectures for drugs. Here, an integrated approach to natural product screening is proposed, which uncovered eight new natural product scaffolds for KRAS-the most frequently mutated oncogenic driver in human cancers, which has remained thus far undrugged. The approach combines aspects of virtual screening, fragment-based screening, structure-activity relationships (SAR) by NMR, and structure-based drug discovery to overcome the limitations in traditional natural product approaches. By using our approach, a new "snugness of fit" scoring function and the first crystal-soaking system of the active form of KRASG12D , the protein-ligand X-ray structures of a tricyclic indolopyrrole fungal alkaloid and an indoloisoquinolinone have been successfully elucidated. The natural product KRAS hits discovered provide fruitful ground for the optimization of highly potent natural-product-based inhibitors of the active form of oncogenic RAS. This integrated approach for screening natural products also holds promise for other "undruggable" targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bergner
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaoling Cockcroft
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Fischer
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Gollner
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Hela
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Kousek
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Mantoulidis
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laetitia J Martin
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1120, Vienna, Austria.,Present address: F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Moriz Mayer
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Müllauer
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriella Siszler
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Wolkerstorfer
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dirk Kessler
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - Darryl B McConnell
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1120, Vienna, Austria
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7
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Gollner A, Weinstabl H, Fuchs JE, Rudolph D, Garavel G, Hofbauer KS, Karolyi-Oezguer J, Gmaschitz G, Hela W, Kerres N, Grondal E, Werni P, Ramharter J, Broeker J, McConnell DB. Targeted Synthesis of Complex Spiro[3H-indole-3,2'-pyrrolidin]-2(1H)-ones by Intramolecular Cyclization of Azomethine Ylides: Highly Potent MDM2-p53 Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2018; 14:88-93. [PMID: 30458062 PMCID: PMC6590160 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) is a main and direct inhibitor of the crucial tumor suppressor p53. Reports from initial clinical trials showed that blocking this interaction with a small‐molecule inhibitor can have great value in the treatment of cancer for patients with p53 wild‐type tumors; however, it also revealed dose‐limiting hematological toxicities and drug‐induced resistance as main issues. To overcome the former, an inhibitor with superior potency and pharmacokinetic properties to ultimately achieve full efficacy with less‐frequent dosing schedules is required. Toward this aim, we optimized our recently reported spiro‐oxindole inhibitors by focusing on the crucial interaction with the amino acid side chain of His96MDM2. The designed molecules required the targeted synthesis of structurally complex spiro[indole‐3,2′‐pyrrolo[2,3‐c]pyrrole]‐2,4′‐diones for which we developed an unprecedented intramolecular azomethine ylide cycloaddition and investigated the results by computational methods. One of the new compounds showed superior cellular potency over previously reported BI‐0252. This finding is a significant step toward an inhibitor suitable to potentially mitigate hematological on‐target adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Gollner
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Weinstabl
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian E Fuchs
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dorothea Rudolph
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Geraldine Garavel
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin S Hofbauer
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jale Karolyi-Oezguer
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Gmaschitz
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Hela
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Kerres
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Grondal
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Werni
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Juergen Ramharter
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joachim Broeker
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
| | - Darryl B McConnell
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5-11A, 1121, Vienna, Austria
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