1
|
Segura J, Alcala-Canto Y, Figueroa A, Del Rio V, Salgado-Maldonado G. A Simple Fecal Flotation Method for Diagnosing Zoonotic Nematodes Under Field and Laboratory Conditions. J Vis Exp 2023. [PMID: 38163274 DOI: 10.3791/66110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of canine parasites with zoonotic potential such as Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum under field conditions is usually difficult due to limited access to a laboratory in rural and suburban areas in Mexico. This study aimed to detect T. canis and Ancylostoma spp. in fecal samples collected from dogs in Mexico from 2017 to 2021 under field conditions. Sample size calculation resulted in a target enrollment of 534 dogs across the country. Samples were collected directly from the rectum or the ground after defecation. Samples were stored in individual, tightly sealed, plastic bags at 4 °C. A saturated solution of sodium chloride (specific gravity [SpG] 1.20) was prepared both under field and laboratory conditions. Within 3 days of collection, 2-4 g of feces were tested for parasites using a flotation method by suspending each fecal sample in a saline solution. Feces were mixed with the flotation solution and crushed using a metal spoon. Once a uniform consistency was achieved, the fecal sample was poured into a new plastic cup using a sieve and allowed to sit for 10-15 min. Three drops from the top of the mixture were collected using a sterilized inoculating loop. The slides were placed on the microscope and parasites were identified by trained parasitologists. Fecal samples from 1,055 dogs were screened microscopically. The number of positive samples for Ancylostoma spp. was 833 (78.95% frequency) and 222 (21.04%) for T. canis. These findings illustrate the importance of identifying zoonotic helminths in dogs living in urban and rural areas in Mexico using a coproparasitoscopic technique in the laboratory and under field conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julio Segura
- Parasitology Department, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
| | - Yazmin Alcala-Canto
- Parasitology Department, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico;
| | - Antonio Figueroa
- Parasitology Department, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
| | - Victor Del Rio
- Parasitology Department, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Camas-Pereyra R, Bautista-García GA, Avila G, Alcala-Canto Y, Maza-Lopez J, Reyes-Guerrero DE, Higuera-Piedrahita RI, López-Arellano ME. In silico analysis of two Haemonchus spp. serine protease peptides (S28) and their immunomodulatory activity in vitro. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2023; 253:111545. [PMID: 36681328 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro immune modulation of two de novo peptides with hypothetical identity to the serine protease family (S28) from Haemonchus spp. Expression of mRNAs encoding these peptides was confirmed by RTqPCR in L3 and adult stage parasites. Antibodies from serum samples collected from an H. contortus-infected lamb at 60 days post infection detected both peptides, as assessed by indirect ELISA. Lamb peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were exposed to each peptide, as well as to the peptide mixture, and cell proliferation assays were performed at 24, 48 and 72 h. The relative expression of the IL4, IL5, IL6, IL13, CXCL8 and FCεR1A genes was quantified by RTqPCR from lamb PBMCs exposed to the peptide mixture at 24 and 48 h. With respect to immune gene expression, 15- and 3-fold upregulation at 24 h was observed with IL5 and CXCL8, respectively, and 2-fold upregulation of CXCL8 at 48 h. In contrast, downregulation of IL5 was stimulated at 48 h. These data suggest that these peptides (pep-hsp and pep-pcx), which show high identity with intestinal and excretion/secretion serine proteases, can trigger immunogenic activity, and suggest that they may be useful as potential parasite vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- René Camas-Pereyra
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, México; Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias. Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla Num. 8534, Jiutepec, Mor., C.P. 62574, México.
| | - Génesis A Bautista-García
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, México; Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias. Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla Num. 8534, Jiutepec, Mor., C.P. 62574, México.
| | - Guillermina Avila
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, México.
| | - Yazmin Alcala-Canto
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, México.
| | - Jocelyn Maza-Lopez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, México; Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias. Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla Num. 8534, Jiutepec, Mor., C.P. 62574, México.
| | - David E Reyes-Guerrero
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, México; Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias. Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla Num. 8534, Jiutepec, Mor., C.P. 62574, México.
| | - Rosa Isabel Higuera-Piedrahita
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, FESC-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carr. Cuautitlán-Teoloyucan Km. 2.5, Edo. de México 54714, México.
| | - María Eugenia López-Arellano
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias. Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla Num. 8534, Jiutepec, Mor., C.P. 62574, México.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pérez-Fonseca A, Gutiérrez L, Sumano H, Salem AZ, Ortega-Cerrilla ME, Villa-Mancera A, Alcala-Canto Y. Effect of dehydrated grapefruit peels on intestinal integrity and Eimeria invasion of caprine epithelial cells in vitro and anticoccidial activity in vivo. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
4
|
Khusro A, Sahibzada MUK, Khan SU, Rajakrishnan R, Elghandour MM, Salem AZ, Kuppusamy P, Alcala-Canto Y, Tirado-González DN. Anti-methanogenic traits of safflower oil compounds against Methyl-coenzyme M reductase receptor in equines: An in silico docking analysis. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 113:103938. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.103938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
5
|
Garcia EIC, Elghandour MMMY, Khusro A, Alcala-Canto Y, Tirado-González DN, Barbabosa-Pliego A, Salem AZM. Dietary supplements of vitamins E, C, and β-carotene to reduce oxidative stress in horses: An overview. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 110:103863. [PMID: 35017039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.103863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the excess generation of free radicals and/or a decrease in the response of the antioxidant system. It is known to cause damage to the equine health by unbalancing the stable molecules. The supplements of vitamins E, C, and β-carotene in the diet cause beneficial effect on horses' health. These supplements could transform free radicals into the stable radicals, thereby showing importance in the prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress. Adding vitamins E, C, and β-carotene to the horses' diets in stressful conditions could decrease the production of free radicals that cause inflammation and tissue damage, the typical characteristics that have been associated with oxidative stress. This review spotlights the available evidence of the benefits of dietary supplements of vitamins E, C, and β-carotene towards the reduction of oxidative stress in horses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E I Ceja Garcia
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Estado de México, México
| | - M M M Y Elghandour
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Estado de México, México
| | - A Khusro
- Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Y Alcala-Canto
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico
| | - D N Tirado-González
- CENID Agricultura Familiar/INIFAP. Km. 8.5 Carr. Lagos de Moreno-Jalisco, Jalisco, México. CP 47540
| | - A Barbabosa-Pliego
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Estado de México, México
| | - A Z M Salem
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Estado de México, México.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gomaa N, Elemiri M, Hegazy Y, Zeineldin M, Nassif M, Alcala-Canto Y, Barbabosa-Pliego A, Rivas-Caceres RR, Abdelmegeid M. Clinical and pathological examination of mycotoxicosis as an associated risk factor for colic in equine. Microb Pathog 2021; 163:105377. [PMID: 34974118 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A retrospective cohort study was conducted on two Egyptian horse farms with most of horses were suffered from abdominal pain to describe the associations between the occurrence of mycotoxicosis and equine colic. The farms owner complain was an unexpected increase in number of colic cases and deaths among horses. The association between colic and risk factors (sex, type of food either dry or mixed with roughages and hematobiochemical parameters) was compared using independent sample T-test. The associations between possible prognostic indicators for colic caused by mycotoxicosis was estimated using logistic regression analysis model. The cumulative incidence, incidence rates for colic attacks, survival rate among diseased horses were additionally estimated. Our results showed that a total of 24 out of the 132 horses suffered from colic due to feeding of ration contaminated with high percent of mycotoxin including Aflatoxins, Ochratoxins and or fusarium mycotoxins. The total cumulative incidence of colic due to mycotoxicosis was 19.7%. The horses fed on dry rations had more chance of developing colic than horses fed on mixed rations (P < 0.05). The overall incidence rate of colic due to mycotoxicosis was estimated at 18 colic attack/1000 horse/month. The mortality rate of horses suffered from colic due to mycotoxicosis was estimated at 5.9% (5/85), while the case fatality rate was estimated at 25% (n = 5/20). Inconclusion, our results showed that mycotoxicosis are considered an important risks factor for colic cases development in equine practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Gomaa
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr-Elsheikh University, Egypt
| | - M Elemiri
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr-Elsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Y Hegazy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr-Elsheikh University, Egypt
| | - M Zeineldin
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | - M Nassif
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr-Elsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Y Alcala-Canto
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico
| | - A Barbabosa-Pliego
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de, México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - R R Rivas-Caceres
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad, Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - M Abdelmegeid
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr-Elsheikh University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alcala-Canto Y, Figueroa-Castillo JA, Ibarra-Velarde F, Vera-Montenegro Y, Cervantes-Valencia ME, Alberti-Navarro A. First database of the spatial distribution of Eimeria species of cattle, sheep and goats in Mexico. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:1057-1074. [PMID: 31901110 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06548-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ruminant coccidiosis is a gastrointestinal disease caused by parasites of the genus Eimeria. Environmental and climatic factors are relevant for the development, survival, and transmission of coccidiosis because Eimeria oocysts are able to survive in the environment for several weeks or months in favorable conditions of moderate heat and moisture. The aim of the present study was to georeference, for the first time, the locations of Eimeria occurrences in Mexico from 1961 to 2018. A dataset was created for 3414 reports of Eimeria occurrences in cattle, sheep, and goats in Mexico. Twelve species of Eimeria that infect cattle were recorded, 11 Eimeria species of sheep are present in Mexico, and eight species of goats are geographically distributed in the country. In the current findings, it has been observed that Eimeria colonizes mainly the temperate semihumid, temperate humid, warm humid, and warm semihumid areas during spring and summer in animals younger than 1 year of age. Macroenvironmental variables like temperature and rainfall influence the prevalence of Eimeria in cattle, sheep, and goats, and for some species, the rearing system, facility type, farm size, and altitude affect the occurrence of this parasite. Results may support future studies aimed at reducing the disease prevalence of the parasite in endemic regions of Mexico. The use of recorded cases and climate variables yields a more comprehensive perspective of the epidemiology of eimeriosis, which would be difficult to infer from laboratory studies alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazmin Alcala-Canto
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UNAM, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | - Froylan Ibarra-Velarde
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UNAM, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Vera-Montenegro
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UNAM, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Aldo Alberti-Navarro
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Rumiantes, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UNAM, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alcala-Canto Y, Figueroa-Castillo JA, Ibarra-Velarde F, Vera-Montenegro Y, Cervantes-Valencia ME, Salem AZM, Cuéllar-Ordaz JA. Development of the first georeferenced map of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) spp. in Mexico from 1970 to date and prediction of its spatial distribution. Geospat Health 2018; 13:624. [PMID: 29772883 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2018.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The tick genus Ripicephalus (Boophilus), particularly R. microplus, is one of the most important ectoparasites that affects livestock health and considered an epidemiological risk because it causes significant economic losses due, mainly, to restrictions in the export of infested animals to several countries. Its spatial distribution has been tied to environmental factors, mainly warm temperatures and high relative humidity. In this work, we integrated a dataset consisting of 5843 records of Rhipicephalus spp., in Mexico covering close to 50 years to know which environmental variables mostly influence this ticks' distribution. Occurrences were georeferenced using the software DIVA-GIS and the potential current distribution was modelled using the maximum entropy method (Maxent). The algorithm generated a map of high predictive capability (Area under the curve = 0.942), providing the various contribution and permutation importance of the tested variables. Precipitation seasonality, particularly in March, and isothermality were found to be the most significant climate variables in determining the probability of spatial distribution of Rhipicephalus spp. in Mexico (15.7%, 36.0% and 11.1%, respectively). Our findings demonstrate that Rhipicephalus has colonized Mexico widely, including areas characterized by different types of climate. We conclude that the Maxent distribution model using Rhipicephalus records and a set of environmental variables can predict the extent of the tick range in this country, information that should support the development of integrated control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazmin Alcala-Canto
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ibarra-Velarde F, Vera-Montenegro Y, Flores-Ramos M, Cantó-Alarcon GJ, Hernández-Campos A, Alcala-Canto Y, Castillo R. Assessment of the effective dose of an experimental intramuscular formulation against immature and adult Fasciola hepatica in sheep. Vet Parasitol 2018; 260:38-44. [PMID: 30197011 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The effective dose of an injectable prodrug, named compound alpha prodrug, against immature and adult Fasciola hepatica in experimentally infected sheep was determined. In a first experiment, 30 sheep were infected with Fasciola hepatica on day 0 and 50. After microscopic detection of faecal eggs on day 80, groups (n = 6) 1 to 3 were treated with 6, 8 and 10 mg/kg of the experimental water-soluble prodrug compound alpha intramuscularly, respectively. Group 4 was treated with closantel and group 5 remained untreated. Copromicroscopical examinations were made on day 0, 80 and 108. On day 110, trematodes were collected from the bile ducts. Fasciolicide efficacy was assessed as a percentage of fluke-egg and adult-fluke reduction. Fluke length was also recorded. In a second experiment aimed to assess the fasciolicide activity of compound alpha prodrug against four-week-old flukes, 12 sheep were infected on day 0 and allocated into two groups (n = 6). On day 50 post infection, group A was treated with the experimental water-soluble prodrug compound alpha at 6 mg/kg/IM and B remained untreated. Fasciolicide activity was assessed on day 80 after collection, microscopic observation and measurement of flukes present in the parenchyma for immature stages and on day 108 for adults. Egg output decreased 91.2, 96.0, 98.8 and 94.9% for groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Compound alpha prodrug cleared 97.6%, 98.51% and 100% of adult stages in a dose-dependent manner. Closantel killed 81.95% flukes. Regarding the second experiment, 81.2% efficacy was achieved. Immature flukes were significantly smaller in the treated group. It is concluded that the intramuscular application of compound alpha prodrug exerted fasciolicide efficacy against adults of Fasciola hepatica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Ibarra-Velarde
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Parasitología, UNAM, México, DF 04510, Mexico.
| | - Y Vera-Montenegro
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Parasitología, UNAM, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - M Flores-Ramos
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Parasitología, UNAM, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - G J Cantó-Alarcon
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Qro. CP., 76230, Mexico
| | - A Hernández-Campos
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, UNAM, México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Yazmin Alcala-Canto
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Parasitología, UNAM, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - R Castillo
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, UNAM, México City 04510, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Moron-Soto M, Gutierrez L, Sumano H, Tapia G, Alcala-Canto Y. Efficacy of nitazoxanide to treat natural Giardia infections in dogs. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:52. [PMID: 28143543 PMCID: PMC5286866 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-1998-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Giardia parasites cause gastrointestinal disease in humans, dogs, and many other animals worldwide. The treatment of dogs for giardiasis requires further investigation to ascertain levels of drug efficacy and the possibility of adverse side effects. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) has shown good clinical anti-Giardia activity in humans, yet it has not been evaluated for the treatment of giardiasis in dogs. Methods Thirty-five dogs, naturally infected with Giardia were divided into five groups (n = 7): dogs in group NTZ1, NTZ2, and NTZ3 were treated with a single oral dose of 37.5 mg/kg, 75 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg, respectively, of NTZ on days 0 and 14. The fourth group was treated with a commercially available regimen that includes a combination of pyrantel, praziquantel, and febantel (FEB) administered orally for three consecutive days. Additionally, an untreated control group was established. Giardia cysts from the stool of each dog were quantified on days -3, 0, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 18, 25, and 28. Biochemical parameters were evaluated in all dogs, before the first treatment and after concluding the experiment. Results Shedding of Giardia cysts was reduced in all treated groups when compared to untreated controls (P < 0.01). However, NTZ2, NTZ3, and FEB had a lower risk during the study. Furthermore, NTZ was also effective against another protozoan, Cryptosporidium spp. at doses of 75 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg, in contrast to the combination of febantel + pyrantel + praziquantel. Biochemical parameters of treated animals, namely, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase enzymes, remained within physiological ranges. Conclusions Based on these results, the implementation of NTZ as a treatment for giardiasis in dogs is proposed. The administration of a single dose is an important advantage of NTZ because it reduces workload, particularly in animals placed in shelters and kennels, where handling of large numbers of animals is required, and personnel is frequently scarce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Moron-Soto
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Delegación Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, C.P., 04510, Mexico
| | - Lilia Gutierrez
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Delegación Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, C.P., 04510, Mexico
| | - Héctor Sumano
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Delegación Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, C.P., 04510, Mexico
| | - Graciela Tapia
- Departamento de Genética y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Delegación Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, C.P., 04510, Mexico
| | - Yazmin Alcala-Canto
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Delegación Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, C.P., 04510, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pérez-Fonseca A, Alcala-Canto Y, Salem AZM, Alberti-Navarro AB. Anticoccidial efficacy of naringenin and a grapefruit peel extract in growing lambs naturally-infected with Eimeria spp. Vet Parasitol 2016; 232:58-65. [PMID: 27890083 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to determine the anti-Eimeria efficacy of an extract of grapefruit peels (GF) and commercial naringenin (NAR) in naturally-infected lambs, as well as the influence of these flavonoids on the oxidative status during ovine coccidiosis. Pharmacokinetic profiles were also determined. Extracts were administered per os to Eimeria naturally infected growing lambs during 90 consecutive days. The commercial anticoccidial drug toltrazuril (TTZ) was included in this trial as a standard. Twenty-four lambs were divided into four groups: NAR, lambs given a daily dose of 5mg of a commercial naringenin extract of 98% higher purity per kg body weight; GF, lambs that recived a daily dose of 5mg of ethanolic extract of grapefruit peels per kg body weight; TTZ, lambs treated with 20mg of toltrazuril/kg body weight on days 0 and 15 of the experiment; and CTRL, untreated lambs that received daily dose of 30ml of water. Daily doses of GF and NAR were dissolved in 30ml of water and orally given to animals; whereas toltrazuril was administered as a single dose of an undiluted suspension to lambs of the TTZ group. The CTRL group received 30ml of water; as well as the TTZ group for the period after the single dose administration. Fecal and serum samples were collected from all lambs. Anticoccidial efficacy was estimated by coprological techniques. Generation of nitric oxide levels and the antioxidant capacity of the experimental compounds were determined by the Griess and ABTS assays, respectively. The pharmacokinetic parameters of NAR and the GF extract were obtained. On day 30 post-ingestion, anticoccidial efficacy was 91.76% (NAR) and 89.65% (GF); whereas 99.63% of efficacy was achieved with TTZ 15days after treatment. NAR, GF and TTZ significantly reduced oxidative stress in infected animals. The mean daily weight gain for each group was 122g (NAR), 122g (GF), 143g (TTZ) and 98g (CTRL). Following the oral administration of NAR and GF, values in plasma approached maximum concentrations within 2.1 to 2.5h. In conclusion, the administration of NAR and the GF extract reduced Eimeria oocyst output, oxidative stress and promoted higher mean daily weight gains in infected lambs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Pérez-Fonseca
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yazmin Alcala-Canto
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abdelfattah Z M Salem
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico.
| | - Aldo B Alberti-Navarro
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Rumiantes, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cervantes-Valencia ME, Alcala-Canto Y, Salem AZ, Kholif AE, Ducoing-Watty AM, Bernad-Bernad MJ, Gutiérrez-Olvera C. Influence of Curcumin (Curcuma Longa) as a Natural Anticoccidial Alternative in Adult Rabbits: First Results. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2015.3838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Cervantes-Valencia
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Producción y de la Salud Animal, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yazmin Alcala-Canto
- Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abdelfattah Z.M. Salem
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinariay Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Ahmed E. Kholif
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | | - Carlos Gutiérrez-Olvera
- Departamento de Nutrición Animaly Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gutierrez L, Sumano H, Rivero F, Alcala-Canto Y. Ixodicide activity of Eysenhardtia polystachya against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:1980-6. [PMID: 26020221 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the acaricidal effect of 2 compounds extracted from Eysenhardtia polystachya in vitro, namely coatlines and matlalines. Each extract was obtained by aqueous extraction in a nitrogen atmosphere. Engorged adult females of an amitraz-resistant strain of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus were used to produce larvae and to carry out the adult immersion test (AIT), while larvae were assayed using the larval packet test (LPT). After exposure to coatlines or matlalines, the mortality of larvae and engorged females, as well as the reproductive parameters of adult ticks were assessed. Coatlines were not lethal against larvae and did not decrease reproductive parameters. Conversely, matlalines showed a 90 to 100% efficacy against adults and larvae at all concentrations tested and a reduction of 76.41 to 80.64% oviposition and a 48.02 to 54.86% reduction in egg hatchability. Therefore, the acaricidal activity of matlalines was more efficient. Further studies are required to elucidate both the mode of action of matlalines as well the structure-activity relationships responsible for the observed differential efficacy between these 2 related isoflavans against the cattle tick.
Collapse
|
14
|
Alcala-Canto Y, Ramos-Martinez E, Tapia-Perez G, Gutierrez L, Sumano H. Pharmacodynamic evaluation of a reference and a generic toltrazuril preparation in broilers experimentally infected withEimeria tenellaorE. acervulina. Br Poult Sci 2014; 55:44-53. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2013.872770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
15
|
Alcala-Canto Y, Ibarra-Velarde F, Vera-Montenegro Y, Alberti-Navarro A. Virtual Microscopy for Studying Veterinary Parasitology. COMP PARASITOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1654/4525.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
16
|
Alcala-Canto Y, Velarde FI, Rosario-Cruz R, Ramos-Martinez E. Comparative Protein Expression Profiles Between Eimeria bovis and Eimeria alabamensis Sporozoites Analyzed by Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis. COMP PARASITOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1654/4423.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
17
|
Ibarra-Velarde F, Alcala-Canto Y. Interleukin-4 downregulates the goat beta-defensin-2 gene in caprine intestinal epithelial cells infected with Eimeria spp. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
18
|
Ibarra-Velarde F, Alcala-Canto Y. Downregulation of the goat β-defensin-2 gene by IL-4 in caprine intestinal epithelial cells infected with Eimeria spp. Parasitol Res 2007; 101:613-8. [PMID: 17393183 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-007-0523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Accepted: 03/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Defensins are antimicrobial peptides that are produced by leukocytes and epithelial cells. Recent advances indicate that these peptides play an important role in innate immune responses. Nonetheless, the role of defensins in caprine eimeriosis remains unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the expression of a goat beta-defensin, named GBD-2 in caprine intestinal epithelial cells (CIEC) stimulated with recombinant bovine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the presence or absence of recombinant bovine interleukin-4 (IL-4) by a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. GBD-2 mRNA was clearly expressed in IFN-gamma-stimulated CIEC. On the other hand, the direct addition of IL-4 showed no significant effect on GBD-2 expression in CIEC. However, when supernatants from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultured with IL-4 were added to CIEC, the expression of GBD-2 decreased. To elucidate if IFN-gamma functions as a signaling molecule that facilitates the generation of GBD-2 against Eimeria spp. in goats, anti- IL-4 was added to PBMC from Eimeria-infected goats and levels of IFN-gamma in culture supernatants were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. Results showed that IFN-gamma secretion increased when anti-IL-4 was added to PBMC. It then appears safe to suggest that IL-4 may be a further factor in the pathogenesis of goat coccidiosis and its induction may be part of an evasion strategy of the parasite to avoid pro-inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Ibarra-Velarde
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico, D.F. 04510, Mexico.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Alcala-Canto Y, Alberti-Navarro A, Ibarra-Velarde F. Serine protease activity demonstrated in the larval stage of the pentastomid Linguatula serrata. Parasitol Res 2006; 100:1011-4. [PMID: 17136385 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-006-0374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Linguatula serrata is a cosmopolitan parasite whose intermediate hosts are cattle, goats, sheep, and other ruminants. The adult form is found in the nasal airways, frontal sinuses, and tympanic cavity of canines and felines, and it produces hemorrhages and breathing difficulties. To elucidate if L. serrata produces enzymes that are capable of degrading tissues from the intermediate host, proteolytic activities in larval products were studied. Using the zymography technique, one major protease was detected in parasite in vitro-released products with an approximate molecular weight of 75 kDa. This enzyme was inhibited with phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, suggesting that it is a serine protease, which was also shown to degrade type I collagen. The serine protease exhibited maximal activity at alkaline pH and temperatures varying from 37 to 45 degrees C. To gather evidence about the physiological roles of the enzyme, further biochemical and functional studies are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Alcala-Canto
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, DF 04510, Mexico.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Alcala-Canto Y, Ibarra-Velarde F, Sumano-Lopez H, Gracia-Mora J, Alberti-Navarro A. Effect of a cysteine protease inhibitor on Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) fecundity, egg viability, parasite burden, and size in experimentally infected sheep. Parasitol Res 2006; 100:461-5. [PMID: 17024356 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-006-0308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2006] [Accepted: 08/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica secretes proteolytic enzymes during liver invasion. The present study examined the effects of the cysteine protease inhibitor Ep-475 on sheep considering the following variables: serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, L-lactate dehydrogenase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase, liver fluke fecundity, egg viability, parasite burden, and size. Twenty-four male sheep were randomly allocated in four groups of six animals each as follows: group A was infected with F. hepatica metacercariae and treated with 50 mg/kg of Ep-475, group B was infected and untreated, group C was uninfected and treated, and group D was uninfected and untreated. All animals were euthanized 10 weeks after the experimental infection. Serum activities of enzymes in infected animals were significantly lower in Ep-475-treated sheep than in untreated controls, although liver damage was produced. No significant reduction in total worm burden was observed between treated and untreated sheep. However, there was a significant difference on the average size, structure development, ova counts, and egg viability of liver flukes from these two groups. Results showed that Ep-475 reduces liver damage due to fasciolosis and induces an impairment of liver fluke growth and fecundity. These effects pinpoint liver fluke proteases as potential targets for pharmacological intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazmin Alcala-Canto
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|