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Spatial and temporal distribution of endotoxins, antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements in the air of a dairy farm in Germany. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122404. [PMID: 37625772 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious issue that is continuously growing and spreading, leading to a dwindling number of effective treatments for infections that were easily treatable with antibiotics in the past. Animal farms are a major hotspot for AMR, where antimicrobials are often overused, misused, and abused, in addition to overcrowding of animals. In this study, we investigated the risk of AMR transmission from a farm to nearby residential areas by examining the overall occurrence of endotoxins, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in the air of a cattle farm. We assessed various factors, including the season and year, day and nighttime, and different locations within the farm building and its vicinity. The most abundant ARGs detected were tetW, aadA1, and sul2, genes that encode for resistances towards antibiotics commonly used in veterinary medicine. While there was a clear concentration gradient for endotoxin from the middle of the farm building to the outside areas, the abundance of ARGs and MGEs was relatively uniform among all locations within the farm and its vicinity. This suggests that endotoxins preferentially accumulated in the coarse particle fraction, which deposited quickly, as opposed to the ARGs and MGEs, which might concentrate in the fine particle fraction and remain longer in the aerosol phase. The occurrence of the same genes found in the air samples and in the manure indicated that ARGs and MGEs in the air mostly originated from the cows, continuously being released from the manure to the air. Although our atmospheric dispersion model indicated a relatively low risk for nearby residential areas, farm workers might be at greater risk of getting infected with resistant bacteria and experiencing overall respiratory tract issues due to continuous exposure to elevated concentrations of endotoxins, ARGs and MGEs in the air of the farm.
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Self-healing of fractured diamond. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:1317-1323. [PMID: 37735525 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Materials that possess the ability to self-heal cracks at room temperature, akin to living organisms, are highly sought after. However, achieving crack self-healing in inorganic materials, particularly with covalent bonds, presents a great challenge and often necessitates high temperatures and considerable atomic diffusion. Here we conducted a quantitative evaluation of the room-temperature self-healing behaviour of a fractured nanotwinned diamond composite, revealing that the self-healing properties of the composite stem from both the formation of nanoscale diamond osteoblasts comprising sp2- and sp3-hybridized carbon atoms at the fractured surfaces, and the atomic interaction transition from repulsion to attraction when the two fractured surfaces come into close proximity. The self-healing process resulted in a remarkable recovery of approximately 34% in tensile strength for the nanotwinned diamond composite. This discovery sheds light on the self-healing capability of nanostructured diamond, offering valuable insights for future research endeavours aimed at enhancing the toughness and durability of brittle ceramic materials.
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Pulse Oximetry and Perfusion Index Screening for Congenital Heart Defects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Am J Perinatol 2023; 40:1611-1617. [PMID: 35580627 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1748163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common neonatal malformations and are a leading cause of infant death in developed countries. Finding safe and effective diagnostic methods to screen for CHDs is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of pulse oximetry (PO) and perfusion index (PI) in screening CHD. We conducted a systematic review of studies in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library published on or before October 1, 2021. Studies based on PICOS were included in this systematic review. The flow chart is made by PRISMA software. The quality of included studies was assessed by RevMan5 software (QUADAS-2: Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2). The sensitivity, specificity, and other measurements of accuracy were pooled using Stata/SE 12.0 software. Five studies containing 46,965 neonates were included in this study. A randomized-effects model was used for the meta-analysis because of significant heterogeneity. The combined sensitivity and specificity were 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53-0.95) and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.57-1.00), respectively. The area under the curve was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.89-0.94). The combination PO and PI was significant in CHD screening. Once diagnosed by the combined method, it means that the neonate is most likely to have a CHD. KEY POINTS: · Pulse oximetry and PI screening.. · Congenital heart defects.. · A systematic review and meta-analysis..
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Dose Coverage Variation Caused by Setup Uncertainties in VMAT-TBI Treatment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e673-e674. [PMID: 37785986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy Total Body Irradiation (VMAT TBI) offers several advantages over conventional TBI techniques, including reduced cost of the treatment room (a normal-sized vault versus a large shielded vault), increased patient comfort during treatment, lung sparing without the need for physical blocks, and a more homogeneous dose distribution. In VMAT-TBI treatment, plans at multiple isocenters are utilized to cover the entire body, and patients are positioned with the aid of image guidance. However, aligning the patient's entire body during setup can be challenging due to its pliability, and the setup time is heavily dependent on the tolerance allowed by the image guidance. Therefore, studying the variation in dose coverage caused by setup uncertainties in VMAT-TBI treatments can help optimize the clinical workflow and determine the optimal tolerance for patient positioning. MATERIALS/METHODS New plans were generated to simulate the uncertainties that occur during treatment setup for each patient. These plans were created by shifting the original VMAT TBI plans at the head, chest, abdomen (or pelvis) isocenters by 5mm and 1cm in the left-right (LR), inferior-superior (IS), and anterior-posterior (AP) directions, respectively. Dose DicomRT files were exported, and the dose change due to the shifts was analyzed. The statistical quantification of the percentage of the body that experienced a dose change of over 2%, 5%, and 10% of the prescription due to the shifts from the original plans was calculated for all patients. Histograms were generated, showing the percentage of body getting dose change of 1-2%, 2-3%, 3-5%, 5-7%, 7-10%, 10-15%. RESULTS The table below displays the percent volume receiving a dose change of 2%, 5%, and 10% of the prescription for a 5mm shift. Among the shift directions, the dose change is most sensitive in the IS direction, with similar impact observed the in LR and AP directions. Among different sites, the chest experiences the largest dose change, followed by the pelvis. For a 5mm shift in the IS direction, the average percent volume receiving a dose change of 2%, 5%, and 10% in the chest is 9.25%, 2.64%, and 0.27%, respectively. For a 1cm shift, the numbers are 12.23%, 6.75%, and 1.29%. In the pelvis (abdomen), these values are 9.03%, 1.67%, and 0.17% for a 5mm shift and 13.28%, 6.1%, and 0.85% for a 1cm shift. For head plans, the values are 2.72%, 0.9%, and 0.14% for a 5mm shift and 3.77%, 1.66%, and 0.53% for a 1cm shift. CONCLUSION Accurate alignment in the chest region is crucial in VMAT TBI treatment. Efforts should be made to minimize shifts over 1cm in the IS direction.
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Dosimetric Impact of Seed Segmentation in GammaTile Surgically Targeted Radiation Therapy for Gliomas and Brain Metastases Cases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e140. [PMID: 37784712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) To assess the variability of dose reporting variability due to uncertainty in segmentation of Cs-131 seeds in GammaTile therapy for gliomas and brain metastases. MATERIALS/METHODS Ten patients with either glioma or brain metastases had 4-11 GammaTiles placed along resection bed during craniotomy. A dose of 60 Gy is prescribed to 5 mm depth. Each GammaTile has four Cs-131 seeds imbedded in a biodegradable collagen sponge. GammaTile Post-Op workflow in MIM Symphony software is used for post-implant dose evaluation and reporting. This workflow requires a post-surgery CT to identify seeds, and a post-surgery MR for residual disease and OAR contours. Seeds are segmented using a threshold tool. Threshold levels may change depending on the CT used, thus users need to manually change the HU threshold value in each data set. Since GammaTiles are lined along the resection bed, PTVs are generated automatically by adding 8 mm expansion on the seed contours and later combined with residual disease contours. We simulate the seed contour uncertainty by applying -0.5 mm, -1.0 mm, +0.5 mm & +1.0 mm concentric margins to the current seed contours to create 4 new seed contours per patient. New PTVs are generated by adding 8 mm expansion on the new seed contours combined with residual disease contours. PTV volume, PTV volume receiving 100% and 150% of prescription dose (V100, V150), and percentage of the prescription dose received by 90% of the PTV (D90) are calculated to evaluate dose reporting variability due to seed segmentation uncertainty. RESULTS Mean PTV volume decreases by 8.4 cc & 10.2 cc for PTVs generated from seed contours with -0.5 mm & -1.0 mm margin, respectively, and increases by 5.8 cc & 8.2 cc, respectively, when +0.5 mm & +1 mm margins are applied to the original seed contours. We observe up to 10% change in V100 due to seed segmentation uncertainty. Mean V100 increases by 4.0% (range: 0.2% - 8.9%) & 4.9% (range: 0.5% - 11.0%) for cases with -0.5 m & -1.0 mm seed margin, respectively, and reduces by 4.2% (range: 0.5% - 6.7%) & 5.9% (range: 0.6% - 10.4%) for cases with +0.5 mm and +1.0 mm seed margin, respectively. Mean D90 increases by 7.7% (range: 4.0% - 12.6%) & 9.9% (range: 4.0% - 17.4%) for cases with -0.5 m & -1.0 mm seed margin, respectively, and reduces by 5.5% (range: 3.6% - 7.8%) & 7.4% (range: 5.2% - 9.6%) for cases with +0.5 mm and +1.0 mm seed margin, respectively. We also observe up to 8.0% changes in mean V150 when margins are applied to the seed contours. CONCLUSION Our results show significant impact of seed segmentation uncertainty on dose reporting in GammaTile therapy. Variability in dose reporting parameters highlight the need for a more standardized and automated approach to seed segmentation to ensure consistent and accurate dose reporting. The current manual threshold adjustment method is subject to user dependence and therefore unreliable. Development of a more robust tool could help to minimize variability and improve reliability of dose reporting.
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Stabilizing Single-Atomic Pt by Forming PtFe Bonds for Efficient Diboration of Alkynes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211790. [PMID: 36632699 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Precisely tailoring the oxidation state of single-atomic metal in heterogeneous catalysis is an efficient way to stabilize the single-atomic site and promote their activity, but realizing this approach remains a grand challenge to date. Herein, a class of stable single-atomic catalysts with well-tuned oxidation state of Pt by forming PtFe atomic bonds is reported, which are supported by defective Fe2 O3 nanosheets on reduced graphene oxide (PFARFNs). These as-synthesized materials can greatly enhance the catalytic activity, stability, and selectivity for the diboration of alkynes. The PFARFNs exhibit high conversion of 99% at 100 °C with an outstanding turnover frequency (TOF) of 545 h-1 , and a relatively high conversion of 58% at room temperature (25 °C) with a TOF of 310 h-1 , which has been hardly achieved previously. Through both experimental and theoretical investigation, it is demonstrated that the fast electron transfer from Fe to Pt in Fe-Pt-O atomic sites in PFARFNs can not only stabilize the single-atomic Pt, but also significantly improve their catalytic activity.
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A Retrospective Review of Cardiac Events Pre-RT and Post-RT in a Lung Cancer Population. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Tooth enamel, renowned for its high stiffness, hardness, and viscoelasticity, is an ideal model for designing biomimetic materials, but accurate replication of complex hierarchical organization of high-performance biomaterials in scalable abiological composites is challenging. We engineered an enamel analog with the essential hierarchical structure at multiple scales through assembly of amorphous intergranular phase (AIP)-coated hydroxyapatite nanowires intertwined with polyvinyl alcohol. The nanocomposite simultaneously exhibited high stiffness, hardness, strength, viscoelasticity, and toughness, exceeding the properties of enamel and previously manufactured bulk enamel-inspired materials. The presence of AIP, polymer confinement, and strong interfacial adhesion are all needed for high mechanical performance. This multiscale design is suitable for scalable production of high-performance materials.
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[Analysis on the imported Coronavirus Disease 2019 related cluster epidemic in rural areas of Chengdu]. ZHONGHUA YU FANG YI XUE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE] 2021; 55:1240-1244. [PMID: 34706511 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20210421-00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An epidemiological investigation was carried out on a local cluster of outbreak caused by imported cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in rural areas of Chengdu in December 2020, to find out the source of infection and the chain of transmission. According to Prevention and Control Protocol for COVID-19 (Version 7), field epidemiological investigation was adopted, combined with big data technology, video image investigation, gene sequencing and other methods to carry out investigation into COVID-19 cases and infections source tracing, analyze the epidemiological association, and map the chain of transmission. From December 7 to 17, 2020, 13 local COVID-19 confirmed cases and 1 asymptomatic case were diagnosed in Chengdu, of which 12 cases (85.71%) had a history of residence and activity in the village courtyard of Taiping (TP), Pidu (P) District, Chengdu. From November 8, 2020 to November 28, 2020, a group of inbound people form Nepal were transferred to the designated entry personnel quarantine hotel of P District which was adjacent to the TP village. During quarantine, there were 5 cases who tested positive for COVID-19. Through gene sequencing alignment, genes of local cases and Nepalese imported cases from the same period are homologous, all belong to the lineage of L2.2.3 (B.1.36 according to Pangolin lineage typing method). According to the results of field epidemiological investigation and gene sequencing analysis, the index case was most likely infected by contact with household waste of quarantine site. Under the situation of normalization prevention and control of COVID-19, sentinel monitoring of fever clinics in primary medical institutions is the key to early detection of the epidemic. The multi-department joint epidemiological investigation and the application of gene technology are the core links of the investigation and traceability of modern infectious diseases. The allocation of public health resources in rural areas needs to be strengthened. We need to improve the capacity for early surveillance and early warning of the epidemic in rural areas.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although a number of cases of importation with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have been reported, there are still no data available concerning the characteristics in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cluster of charter flight importation. Here, we provide an analysis of COVID-19 cases and their close contacts who worked for the same company on a project in Karbala, Iraq, and returned back to Chengdu, China, by a charter flight. METHODS The data of imported COVID-19 cases and their close contacts were obtained from National Notifiable Disease Report System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and field epidemiological investigation reports by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs) in Chengdu. The information of general characteristics and laboratory findings of this cluster were collected and summarized. RESULTS One hundred and six (66.67%) of 159 charter flight passengers tested positive for COVID-19 before entry. Through treatment, all 159 people tested negative and meet the requirements of taking flights bound for China before boarding. However, there has been still 36 (22.64%) of them tested positive after entry. The median time from entry to confirmation was 1.0 day (Interquartile Range (IQR): 0-4.3). The Cycle threshold value (Ct value) of 36 patients' positive samples are all above 30 and most values are above 35. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, there is still a risk that a number of COVID-19 cases can be imported through charter flight. However, the infectivity of confirmed patients of the charter flight was considered to be low.
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597P A phase I dose-escalation study of LAE001 in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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[Influence of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of imported COVID-19 cases in Chengdu]. ZHONGHUA LIU XING BING XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LIUXINGBINGXUE ZAZHI 2021; 42:1365-1370. [PMID: 34814555 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20210330-00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of imported COVID-19 cases after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of COVID-19. Methods: The imported COVID-19 cases in Chengdu as of April 15, 2021 were divided into the vaccinated group and unvaccinated group according to the history of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The epidemiological and clinical data of the cases were collected retrospectively, and the differences in epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared. Laboratory tests consisted of nucleic acid test, clinical index test, serum antibody test and lymphocyte test. Software WPS2019 was used for data management and software R 4.0.3 was used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 75 COVID-19 cases were included in the analysis, in which 20 had received SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and only 4 with clinical symptoms, 55 patients did not receive SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and 16 had clinical symptoms. In vaccinated group, the first injection time of vaccination ranged from July to November 2020, and 10 cases received two doses of vaccine simultaneously and 10 cases received two doses of vaccine at intervals of 14-57 days. The intervals between the completion of vaccination and the onset ranged from 87 days to 224 days. The differences in classification and clinical type between the two groups were significant. Significant differences were observed in case classification and clinical type between vaccinated group and unvaccinated group (P<0.05). The vaccinated group had a relatively high proportion of asymptomatic infections (40.00%, 8/20), while mild infections were mainly observed in the unvaccinated group(76.36%,42/55). The differences in Ct values (ORF1ab gene and N gene) at the diagnosis were not significant between vaccinated group and unvaccinated group (P>0.05), similar results were also observed in lymphocyte subtypes, procalcitonin and C-reactive protein level comparisons. Serum amyloid A level was higher in unvaccinated group than in vaccinated group (P<0.05). However, the SARS-CoV-2 related serum antibody of IgM, IgG and total antibody levels were significantly higher in vaccinated group (P<0.05). Conclusions: Risk of infection still exists with SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination, which can facilitate the production of specific serum antibody of IgM and IgG when people are exposed to the virus. It has a certain protective effect on SARS-CoV-2 infected persons. Vaccination can reduce the clinical symptoms and mitigate disease severity.
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Multiple-camera defocus imaging of ultracold atomic gases. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:17029-17041. [PMID: 34154254 DOI: 10.1364/oe.422981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In cold atom experiments, each image of light refracted and absorbed by an atomic ensemble carries a remarkable amount of information. Numerous imaging techniques including absorption, fluorescence, and phase-contrast are commonly used. Other techniques such as off-resonance defocused imaging (ORDI, [1-4]), where an in-focus image is deconvolved from a defocused image, have been demonstrated but find only niche applications. The ORDI inversion process introduces systematic artifacts because it relies on regularization to account for missing information at some spatial frequencies. In the present work, we extend ORDI to use multiple cameras simultaneously at degrees of defocus, eliminating the need for regularization and its attendant artifacts. We demonstrate this technique by imaging Bose-Einstein condensates, and show that the statistical uncertainties in the measured column density using the multiple-camera off-resonance defocused (McORD) imaging method are competitive with absorption imaging near resonance and phase contrast imaging far from resonance. Experimentally, the McORD method may be incorporated into existing set-ups with minimal additional equipment.
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Prospective evaluation of dietary and lifestyle pattern indices with risk of colorectal cancer in a cohort of younger women. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:778-786. [PMID: 33812017 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.03.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in the USA is declining overall, its incidence is increasing among those younger than 50 years of age. The reasons underlying the increasing trend are largely unknown, although behavioral changes, such as unhealthy diet and lifestyle factors, may be partially responsible. DESIGN A prospective cohort study included 94 217 women aged 26-45 years at baseline. Validated anthropometric measures and lifestyle information were self-reported biennially. Exposures were four recommendation-based dietary indices-the prime diet quality score and three plant-based dietary indices; and two mechanism-based indices-the empirical dietary and lifestyle index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH and ELIH). We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall CRC and for early-onset (before age 50) and after age 50 CRC separately. RESULTS We documented 332 cases of CRC during 24 years of follow-up (2 113 655 person-years), with an average age of 52 ± 7 years at diagnosis. Hyperinsulinemic dietary and lifestyle patterns were associated with a higher risk of CRC. Multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) comparing participants in the highest versus lowest quartile were: 1.67 for EDIH (95% CI: 1.15-2.44, P-trend = 0.01) and 1.51 for ELIH (95% CI: 1.10-2.08, P-trend = 0.01). Moreover, per 75% increment in rank, ELIH appeared to be a stronger risk factor for early-onset CRC (HR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.12-3.07) than after age 50 CRC (HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.83-1.73, P-heterogeneity = 0.16). The four recommendation-based indices were not significantly associated with overall, early-onset, or after age 50 CRC risk (per 75% increment in rank, HRs ranged from 0.75 to 1.28). CONCLUSION Dietary and lifestyle patterns contributing to hyperinsulinemia were associated with greater CRC risk in younger women. Moreover, the hyperinsulinemic lifestyle showed a suggestively stronger positive association with early-onset CRC risk, compared with after age 50 CRC. Our findings suggest that dietary and lifestyle interventions to reduce insulinemic potential may be effective for CRC prevention among younger women.
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Superimposing hip extension on knee flexion evokes higher activation in biceps femoris than knee flexion alone. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2021; 58:102541. [PMID: 33706051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2021.102541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hamstring muscle function during knee flexion has been linked to hamstring injury and performance. However, it is unclear whether knee flexion alone (KF) requires similar hamstring electromyography (EMG) activity pattern to simultaneous hip extension and knee flexion (HE-KF), a combination that occurs in the late swing phase of sprinting. This study examined whether HE-KF maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) evokes higher (EMG) activity in biceps femoris long head (BFlh) and semitendinosus (ST) than KF alone. Effects of shank rotation angles were also tested. Twenty-one males performed the above-mentioned MVICs while EMG activity was measured along ST and BFlh. Conditions were compared using a one-way mixed functional ANOVA model under a fully Bayesian framework. Higher EMG activity was found in HE-KF in all shank rotation positions than in KF in the middle region of BFlh (highest in the 9th channel, by 0.022 mV [95%CrI 0.014 to 0.030] in neutral shank position). For ST, this was only observed in the neutral shank position and in the most proximal channel (by 0.013 mV [95%CrI 0.001 to 0.025]). We observed muscle- and region-specific responses to HE-KF. Future studies should examine whether hamstring activation in this task is related to injury risk and sprint performance.
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P02.14 Radiotherapy-Associated CT Imaging as a Potential Screening Tool for COVID-19. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [PMCID: PMC7976875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Risk Factors Associated with Pulmonary Toxicities from Multiple Courses of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for Synchronous or Metachronous Primary Lung Tumors or Lung Metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Enhanced transport of spin-orbit-coupled Bose gases in disordered potentials. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A 2020; 102:10.1103/PhysRevA.102.033325. [PMID: 34164587 PMCID: PMC8218774 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.102.033325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anderson localization is a single-particle localization phenomena in disordered media that is accompanied by an absence of diffusion. Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) describes an interaction between a particle's spin and its momentum that directly affects its energy dispersion, for example, creating dispersion relations with gaps and multiple local minima. We show theoretically that combining one-dimensional spin-orbit coupling with a transverse Zeeman field suppresses the effects of disorder, thereby increasing the localization length and conductivity. This increase results from a suppression of backscattering between states in the gap of the SOC dispersion relation. Here, we focus specifically on the interplay of disorder from an optical speckle potential and SOC generated by two-photon Raman processes in quasi-one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates. We first describe backscattering by using a Fermi golden rule approach, and then numerically confirm this picture by solving the time-dependent one-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation for a weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate with SOC and disorder. We find that on the tens of millisecond timescale of typical cold atom experiments moving in harmonic traps, initial states with momentum in the zero-momentum SOC gap evolve with negligible backscattering, while without SOC these same states rapidly localize.
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Abstract
Early studies on the etiology and pathogenesis of hypertension have shown that it has a considerable association with inflammation and the immune response as well as periodontitis. Clinical studies have also shown that hypertension can promote the periodontal tissue destruction caused by periodontitis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the possible mechanisms of how hypertension aggravates periodontitis. Treatment with or without the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) inhibitor fludarabine was performed in an endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene knockout-related (Nos3-/-) mouse model with the hypertension phenotype of periodontitis induced by bacteria. Micro-computed tomography, immunohistochemistry, Western blot, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and ELISA were performed. We demonstrated that Nos3-/--related hypertension increases bone resorption and periodontal destruction in periodontitis lesion areas, which can be inhibited by the STAT1 inhibitor. Experimental data also showed that Nos3-/- significantly increased macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine expression in the periodontitis lesion area, which is dependent on the angiotensin II-induced STAT1 pathway. Inhibition of STAT1 in vivo can decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and macrophage infiltration. Furthermore, data in this study showed that Nos3-/--related hypertension further downregulated the STAT3 anti-inflammatory function and its downstream chemokine expression in a STAT1-dependent manner. By applying RAW 264.7 and L929 cell lines and monocytes isolated from Nos3-/- mice, we confirmed that activation of the STAT1 pathway inhibits STAT3 and its downstream pathway and promotes inflammatory cytokine expression in vitro. Collectively, our current study demonstrated that STAT1 plays an indispensable role in the Nos3-/--related hypertension with aggravation of periodontitis, suggesting that STAT1 may be a key target for the treatment of periodontitis with hypertension.
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Strong structural occupation ratio effect on mechanical properties of silicon carbide nanowires. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11386. [PMID: 32647170 PMCID: PMC7347842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials' mechanical properties highly depend on their internal structures. Designing novel structure is an effective route to improve materials' performance. One-dimensional disordered (ODD) structure is a kind of particular structure in silicon carbide (SiC), which highly affects its mechanical properties. Herein, we show that SiC nanowires (NWs) containing ODD structure (with an occupation ratio of 32.6%) exhibit ultrahigh tensile strength and elastic strain, which are up to 13.7 GPa and 12% respectively, approaching the ideal theoretical limit. The ODD structural occupation ratio effect on mechanical properties of SiC NWs has been systematically studied and a saddle shaped tendency for the strength versus occupation ratio is firstly revealed. The strength increases with the increase of the ODD occupation ratio but decreases when the occupation ratio exceeds a critical value of ~ 32.6%, micro twins appear in the ODD region when the ODD segment increases and soften the ODD segment, finally results in a decrease of the strength.
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Follicle stimulating hormone and estradiol trajectories from menopausal transition to late postmenopause in indigenous Chinese women. Climacteric 2020; 24:80-88. [PMID: 32627598 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2020.1775807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) trajectories in indigenous Chinese women through the ovarian aging process from 10 years before the final menstrual period (FMP) to 20 years after. METHODS A prospective community-based longitudinal cohort study of 362 Chinese middle-aged women with a clearly determined FMP was performed. RESULTS FSH and E2 trajectories were identified according to years from FMP and the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop + 10 (STRAW + 10), and further classified by body mass index. E2 decreases relatively steadily from Stage -2 to +1c, while FSH stabilizes quickly from Stage -2 to +1a. Obese women have higher E2 levels and lower FSH levels during menopausal transition, which last for decades after the FMP. There was no obvious decline in FSH levels for at least 20 years after the FMP. CONCLUSIONS The FSH and E2 trajectories in this indigenous Chinese cohort appear similar to those discussed in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, with ethnic differences. STRAW + 10 criteria may be used to ascertain the ovarian aging process in Chinese women. Obese women may experience different levels of hormonal fluctuations during the menopause transition, while FSH levels in all women appear to remain high even at late postmenopause.
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Change in physicochemical characteristics and molecular weight distribution of glutenin macropolymer induced by postharvest wheat maturation. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND SAFETY OF CROPS & FOODS 2019. [DOI: 10.3920/qas2019.1658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Long non-coding RNA expression profile in permanent atrial fibrillation patients with rheumatic heart disease. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:6940-6947. [PMID: 30402860 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201810_16165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of arrhythmia, especially in rheumatic heart disease (RHD) patients. The differences in structural remodeling and electrical remodeling between the left and right atrium associated with AF in RHD patients are well known, and alterations in the expression profiles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the left atrium have also been investigated. However, the role of lncRNAs in the right atrium (RA) remains largely unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified differentially expressed lncRNAs in RA tissues of RHD patients with AF or a normal sinus rhythm (NSR) using microarray analysis. Then, we performed gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses for functional annotation of the deregulated lncRNAs. Finally, we constructed a lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network. RESULTS Of the 22,829 human non-coding RNAs analyzed, a total of 1,909 long non-coding RNAs were detected. A total of 182 lncRNAs (117 downregulated and 65 upregulated) were shown to be differentially expressed (fold-change > 1.5) in AF patients compared with NSR patients. Many lncRNAs might be partially involved in an AF-related pathway. CONCLUSIONS AF dysregulates the expression of lncRNAs in the RA of RHD patients. These findings may be useful for exploring potential therapeutic treatments for AF in RHD patients.
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Two linked TBXT (brachyury) gene polymorphisms are associated with the tailless phenotype in fat-rumped sheep. Anim Genet 2019; 50:772-777. [PMID: 31475743 PMCID: PMC6899607 DOI: 10.1111/age.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
T‐box transcription factor T (TBXT), encoding the brachyury protein, is an embryonic nuclear transcription factor involved in mesoderm formation and differentiation. Previous studies indicate that TBXT mutations are responsible for the tailless or short‐tailed phenotype of many vertebrates. To verify whether the tailless phenotype in fat‐rumped sheep is associated with TBXT mutations, exon 2 of the TBXT gene for 301 individuals belonging to 13 Chinese and Iranian sheep breeds was directly sequenced. Meanwhile, 380 samples were used to detect the genotypes of the candidate variations by mapping to their reads databases in the Sequence Read Archive repository of GenBank. The results showed that one missense mutation, c.334G>T (GGG>TGG) with a completely linked synonymous variant c.333G>C (CCG>CCC) was found to be associated with the ‘tailless’ characteristic in typical fat‐rumped sheep breeds. The c.334G>T transversion led to the conversion of glycine to tryptophan at the 112th amino acid in the T‐box domain of the brachyury protein. In addition, crossbreeding experiments for long‐tailed and tailless sheep showed that CT/CT allele of nucleotides (nt) 333 and 334, a recessive mutation, would cause sheep tails to be shorter, suggesting that these two linked variants at nucleotides 333 and 334 in TBXT are probably causative mutations responsible for the tailless phenotype in sheep.
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Predicting Hematologic Toxicity of Anal Cancer Patients before Chemoradiation Using Deep Residual Network with Transfer Learning. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.2070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hierarchical Nanoassembly of MoS 2/Co 9S 8/Ni 3S 2/Ni as a Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting in a Wide pH Range. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10417-10430. [PMID: 31244177 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The design of low-cost yet high-efficiency electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) over a wide pH range is highly challenging. We now report a hierarchical co-assembly of interacting MoS2 and Co9S8 nanosheets attached on Ni3S2 nanorod arrays which are supported on nickel foam (NF). This tiered structure endows high performance toward HER and OER over a very broad pH range. By adjusting the molar ratio of the Co:Mo precursors, we have created CoMoNiS-NF- xy composites ( x: y means Co:Mo molar ratios ranging from 5:1 to 1:3) with controllable morphology and composition. The three-dimensional composites have an abundance of active sites capable of universal pH catalytic HER and OER activity. The CoMoNiS-NF-31 demonstrates the best electrocatalytic activity, giving ultralow overpotentials (113, 103, and 117 mV for HER and 166, 228, and 405 mV for OER) to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm-2 in alkaline, acidic, and neutral electrolytes, respectively. It also shows a remarkable balance between electrocatalytic activity and stability. Based on the distinguished catalytic performance of CoMoNiS-NF-31 toward HER and OER, we demonstrate a two-electrode electrolyzer performing water electrolysis over a wide pH range, with low cell voltages of 1.54, 1.45, and 1.80 V at 10 mA cm-2 in alkaline, acidic, and neutral media, respectively. First-principles calculations suggest that the high OER activity arises from electron transfer from Co9S8 to MoS2 at the interface, which alters the binding energies of adsorbed species and decreases overpotentials. Our results demonstrate that hierarchical metal sulfides can serve as highly efficient all-pH (pH = 0-14) electrocatalysts for overall water splitting.
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Room-temperature superplasticity in Au nanowires and their atomistic mechanisms. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:8727-8735. [PMID: 31033993 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02053e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report experimental observation of room-temperature superplasticity and the distinct nanosize effect on the deformation mechanisms of Au nanowires. The Au nanowires were subjected to in situ tensile straining in a transmission electron microscope by using a home-made strain actuator, and a super large plastic strain with ∼150% uniform elongation and ∼260% total strain were observed before fracture. The plastic deformation started through full dislocation slip and was followed by the activities of stacking fault ribbons (or dissociated full dislocations) that were generated from surface sources and disappeared at the other end surfaces. With the reduction of the diameter of Au nanowires, the deformation changed to the twinning mode through partial dislocation emissions from sample surfaces. The mechanisms behind the observed phenomena are discussed in detail. These results shed light on the size-controlled plasticity of nano-metals.
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Intravenous hydromorphone after thoracoscopic lobectomy: a double-blind up-and-down sequential allocation trial of effective doses. Anaesthesia 2019; 74:820-821. [PMID: 31063208 DOI: 10.1111/anae.14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Ceramic materials exhibit very high stiffness and extraordinary strength, but they typically suffer from brittleness. Amorphization and size confinement are commonly used to reinforce materials. However, the inverse Hall-Petch effect and the shear-band softening effect usually limit further improvement of their performance under a critical size. With an optimum structure design, we demonstrate that dual-phase zirconia nanowires (DP-ZrO2 NWs) with nanocrystals embedded in an amorphous matrix as a strengthening phase can overcome these problems simultaneously. As a result of this structure, in situ tensile tests demonstrate that the mechanical properties have been enormously improved in a way that does not follow both the inverse Hall-Petch effect and the shear band softening effect. The elastic strain approaches ∼7%, and the ultimate strength is 3.52 GPa, accompanied by a high toughness of ∼151 MJ m-3, making the DP-ZrO2 NW composite the strongest and toughest ZrO2 ever achieved. The findings provide a way to improve the mechanical properties of ceramics in a controllable manner, which may serve as a pervasive approach to be broadly applied to a variety of materials.
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[The comparison of preemptive analgesic efficacy between short-acting ketamine and long-acting parecoxib]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2018; 98:3930-3935. [PMID: 30669797 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2018.48.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the analgesic efficacy between preoperative single-dose ketamine, a short-acting medicine and parecoxib, a long-acting medicine for reducing analgesic consumption in the first 24 h after-operation. Methods: Eighty-one patients from Beijing Chaoyang Hospital undergoing laparoscopic uterus surgery between April and December 2015 were randomly divided into three groups: control group (group C), ketamine group (group K) and parecoxib sodium group (group P). All patients were anesthetized with general anesthesia and received sufentanil-based patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA). After induction and 10 min before incision, patients in group K, P and C were injected with intravenous 0.5 mg/kg ketamine, 40 mg parecoxib and 2 ml normal saline, respectively. The primary outcome was sufentanil consumption within 1 h and 24 h after surgery. Other outcomes included the visual analog scale (VAS) pain score at 0, 15, 30, 45min and 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 h after surgery, PCIA effective trigger times, and adverse reactions. Results: The postoperative sufentanil consumptions within 1 h in group K and P were(4.420±1.836)μg and (2.878±1.984)μg, respectively, and consumptions within 24 h were(28.200±3.712)μg and (25.511±4.037)μg, respectively, which were significantly less than that in group C with (6.144±2.346)μg within 1 h and (31.505±7.042)μg within 24 h (F=15.360, 8.406, all P<0.05). Patients in group P needed less sufentanil than group K in 1 h after surgery (P<0.05), however, the difference was not statistically significant in 24 h(P>0.05). The PCIA trigger times were 2(3.75) in group C, 0(1.50) in group K, and 0(1.00) in group P. Group K and P had less PCIA trigger times compared to group C (all P<0.05). Compared to group C, group K and P had lower VAS scores at 0, 15, 30 min after surgery and group P had lower VAS scores at 1, 15, 30, 45 min, 2 h after surgery, respectively (all P<0.05). There were no differences between groups in the incidence of any adverse effects(all P>0.05). Conclusion: A single injection of short-acting ketamine before laparoscopic uterus surgery, has the same efficacy as long-acting parecoxib for opioid-sparing effect in the first 24 h after-operation. However, parecoxib has better analgesic effect in the early postoperative period.
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Accuracy of interferon-γ-induced protein 10 for diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 25:667-672. [PMID: 30553864 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective diagnostic methods for detecting latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are important for its eradication. A number of studies have evaluated the use of interferon-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10), which is elevated after tuberculosis infection, as a biomarker for LTBI, but conclusive results regarding its effectiveness have not been reported. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to assess the diagnostic value of IP-10 for LTBI. DATA SOURCES We searched the PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases to find eligible studies. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies that evaluated IP-10 in LTBI participants in comparison with tuberculin skin tests (TST) and interferon-γ release assays (IGRA). PARTICIPANTS Individuals with LTBI and uninfected participants. INTERVENTIONS IP-10 (index test) compared with TST and IGRA (reference standard) for diagnosing LTBI. METHODS PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched up to June 2018. A hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) model was used to evaluate the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and HSROC curve for the diagnostic efficiency of IP-10. RESULTS Twelve studies including 1023 participants and 1122 samples were included. The overall pooled sensitivity was 0.85 (95% CI 0.80-0.88), specificity was 0.89 (95% CI 0.84-0.92), PLR was 7.55 (95% CI 5.20-10.97), NLR was 0.17 (95% CI 0.13-0.22) and DOR was 44.23 (95% CI 28.86-67.79), indicating a high accuracy for diagnosing LTBI. Based on a meta-regression analysis, high-burden countries, study design, IP-10 method, reference standard and the IP-10 cut-off could not explain the heterogeneity (p >0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that IP-10 is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of LTBI.
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Administration of activated lymphocyte-derived DNA accelerates and aggravates lupus nephritis in B6/lpr mice: a new approach to modify a lupus murine model. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 193:302-312. [PMID: 29704464 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
B6/lpr mouse strain is a well-known systemic lupus erythematosus murine model characterized by uncontrolled lymphoproliferation and autoantibody production. However, it displays a delayed and mild development of lupus nephritis (LN), which is not conducive to the research of the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of this condition. Our previous study demonstrated that activated lymphocyte-derived DNA (ALD-DNA) could induce high urine protein levels and severe glomerulonephritis (GN) in BALB/c mice. In the present study, we tried to remedy delayed urine protein production and mild GN in B6/lpr mice via ALD-DNA immunization. We found that urine protein levels were enhanced significantly in B6/lpr mice 4 weeks after ALD-DNA immunization compared with those in unactivated lymphocyte-derived (UnALD)-DNA- and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated controls. Moreover, more serious GN and glomerular immune complex were observed in ALD-DNA-immunized B6/lpr mice. We further explored the mechanism, and found that ALD-DNA immunization promoted T helper type 17 (Th17) cell enrichment remarkably, which enhanced the proportion of autoantibody-secreting plasma cells and promoted the production of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies, leading to accelerated and aggravated LN. Our data demonstrated that ALD-DNA immunization could remedy delayed urine protein production and mild GN in B6/lpr mouse, which makes it more suitable for studies on the pathogenesis of and therapeutic strategies against LN.
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Relationship between hepatitis B core-related antigen and chronic hepatitis B outcome in HBeAg negative patients: a 10-year longitudinal study. J Hepatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(18)31206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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FDG-PET Correlation With Active Bone Marrow and Leukopenia during Chemoradiation for Anal Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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In Situ Observation of Twin Boundary Sliding in Single Crystalline Cu Nanowires. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1604296. [PMID: 28508522 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201604296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Using a homemade, novel, in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) double tilt tensile device, plastic behavior of single crystalline Cu nanowires of around 150 nm are studied. Deformation twins occur during the tests as predesigned before the experiments. In situ observation of twin boundary sliding (TBS) caused by full dislocation (extended dislocation) is first revealed at the atomic scale which is confirmed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation results. Combined with twin boundary migration and multiple dislocations nucleated from surface, TBS causes a superlarge fracture strain which is over 166% and a severe necking which is over 93%, far beyond the typical values for most nanomaterials without twins.
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Abstract
Polymers possess special dimension-dependent processing flexibility which is always absent in inorganic materials. Traditional inorganic nanowires own similar dimensions to polymers, but usually lack near-molecular diameters and the related properties. Here we report that inorganic nanowires with sub1 nm diameter and microscale length can be electrospinningly processed into superstructures including smooth fibers and large-area mat by tuning the viscosity and surface tension of the colloidal nanowires solution. These superstructures have shown both flexible texture and excellent mechanical properties (712.5 MPa for tensile strength, 10.3 GPa for elastic modulus) while retaining properties arising from inorganic components.
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A PHASE I STUDY OF CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTORMODIFIED T CELLS DIRECTED AGAINST CD19 IN PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED OR REFRACTORYCD19(+) B CELL LYMPHOMAS: INTERIM ANALYSIS. Hematol Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.2438_131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Pretreatment Predictors of Early Response Revealed by Quantitative Cerebral Blood Flow in Major Depressive Disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThe potential pattern of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in major depressive disorder (MDD) underlies different response to antidepressants medication remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the differences of rCBF between patients with different treatment response.MethodsEighty MDD patients [(44 treatment-responsive depression (RD) and 36 non-responding depression (NRD)] and 42 healthy controls (HC) underwent pulsed arterial spin labeling (PASL) scans in magnetic resonance imaging and clinical estimates. The exact rCBF values of each groups were obtained via quantification evaluation.ResultsCompared to NRD, the RD patients showed decreased rCBF values in frontal sensorimotor network (i.e. left paracentral lobule, left medial frontal gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus and right middle frontal gyrus), and further receiver operating curve (ROC) analyses demonstrated that the altered rCBF in these four regions exhibited outstanding performance on distinguishing NRD from RD. The NRD also exhibited reduced rCBF in bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe and right middle occipital gyrus and elevated rCBF in right postcentral gyrus and right middle frontal gyrus as compared to HC.ConclusionsThe decreased rCBF in frontal sensorimotor network appeared to be distinct characteristics for NRD, and might be severed as promising neuroimaging markers to differentiate depressed patients with weak early response to antidepressant medication. These findings expand our understanding of neural substrate underlying the antidepressant efficacy.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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A General Bioinspired, Metals-Based Synergic Cross-Linking Strategy toward Mechanically Enhanced Materials. ACS NANO 2017; 11:2835-2845. [PMID: 28240883 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Creating lightweight engineering materials combining high strength and great toughness remains a significant challenge. Despite possessing-enhanced strength and stiffness, bioinspired/polymeric materials usually suffer from clearly reduced extensibility and toughness when compared to corresponding bulk polymer materials. Herein, inspired by tiny amounts of various inorganic impurities for mechanical improvement in natural materials, we present a versatile and effective metal ion (Mn+)-based synergic cross-linking (MSC) strategy incorporating eight types of metal ions into material bulks that can drastically enhance the tensile strength (∼24.1-70.8%), toughness (∼18.6-110.1%), modulus (∼21.6-66.7%), and hardness (∼6.4-176.5%) of multiple types of pristine materials (from hydrophilic to hydrophobic and from unary to binary). More importantly, we also explore the primarily elastic-plastic deformation mechanism and brittle fracture behavior (indentation strain of >5%) of the synergic cross-linked graphene oxide (Syn-GO) paper by means of in situ nanoindentation SEM. The MSC strategy for mechanically enhanced integration can be readily attributed to the formation of the complicated metals-based cross-linking/complex networks in the interfaces and intermolecules between functional groups of materials and various metal ions that give rise to efficient energy dissipation. This work suggests a promising MSC strategy for designing advanced materials with outstanding mechanical properties by adding low amounts (<1.0 wt %) of synergic metal ions serving as synergic ion-bonding cross-linkers.
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[The value of different antibodies detection in diagnosis of rheumatism with uveitis]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2017; 97:285-290. [PMID: 28162159 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the value of HLA-B27 antigen, antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-dsDNA and Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) detection in diagnosis of rheumatism with uveitis. Methods: Seven hundred and twenty four newly diagnosed patients with non-infection uveitis in Beijing Tongren Hospital from March 2012 to March 2016 who long-term lived in Beijing and its surrounding areas were continuously enrolled. HLA-B27 antigen expressions in peripheral blood lymphocytes and ANA, anti-dsDNA and ANCA levels in serum were tested. The detailed clinical data, imaging examinations and pathological examinations were recorded to define whether the patients had rheumatism and the types of rheumatism. Results: There were 285 patients were diagnosed with rheumatism in 724 patients (39.4%), with 135 male (47.4%) and 150 female (52.6%). The mean age of male (41±14) was lower than that of female (44±14), with statistically significant (t=2.18, P<0.05). There were 176 patients with Spondyloarthropathies, 48 patients with primary systemic vasculitis, 22 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 18 patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome, 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 5 patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis in 285 rheumatism patients. The positive rate of HLA-B27(57.2%), ANA(15.8%), anti-dsDNA (5.3%) and ANCA(9.1%) in rheumatic uveitis patients were obviously higher than those of non-rheumatic uveitis patients [HLA-B27(1.1%), ANA(1.6%), anti-dsDNA (0.0%) and ANCA(0.9%)], with statistically significant (Fisher's exact test, P<0.01). The HLA-B27 positive antigen were mainly in patients with Spondyloarthropathies, rate was 92.1%; the positive ANA were mainly in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, rate was 95.5%; the positive anti-dsDNA were mainly in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, rate was 59.1%; the positive ANCA were mainly in patients with primary systemic vasculitis (besides Behcet disease), rate was 57.1%. Conclusions: The detections of HLA-B27 antigen, ANA, anti-dsDNA and ANCA are valuable for primary screening of some rheumatic uveitis. There fore, clinicians should select targeted laboratory examination combine with the patients' clinical manifestations. This will be helpful in the auxiliary diagnosis of some types of rheumatic uveitis.
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Gender difference in the association between childhood trauma and depression in Chinese adolescents. Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw167.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ca 2+ Enhanced Nacre-Inspired Montmorillonite-Alginate Film with Superior Mechanical, Transparent, Fire Retardancy, and Shape Memory Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:28816-28823. [PMID: 27726325 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by nacre, this is the first time that using the cross-linking of alginate with Ca ions to fabricate organic-inorganic nacre-inspired films we have successfully prepared a new class of Ca2+ ion enhanced montmorillonite (MMT)-alginate (ALG) composites, realizing an optimum combination of high strength (∼280 MPa) and high toughness (∼7.2 MJ m-3) compared with other MMT based artificial nacre. Furthermore, high temperature performance of the composites (with a maximum strength of ∼170 MPa at 100 °C) along with excellent transmittance, fire retardancy, and unique shape memory response to alcohols could greatly expand the application of the mutilfunctional composites, which are believed to show competitive advantages in transportion, construction, and insulations, protection of a flammable biological material, etc.
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Abstract PR256. Anesth Analg 2016. [DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000492653.66604.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract PR416. Anesth Analg 2016. [DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000492803.93082.0f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract PR344. Anesth Analg 2016. [DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000492739.79689.0f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract PR636. Anesth Analg 2016. [DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000493015.54557.da] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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48
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Atomic scale observation of oxygen delivery during silver-oxygen nanoparticle catalysed oxidation of carbon nanotubes. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12251. [PMID: 27406595 PMCID: PMC4947170 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To probe the nature of metal-catalysed processes and to design better metal-based catalysts, atomic scale understanding of catalytic processes is highly desirable. Here we use aberration-corrected environmental transmission electron microscopy to investigate the atomic scale processes of silver-based nanoparticles, which catalyse the oxidation of multi-wall carbon nanotubes. A direct semi-quantitative estimate of the oxidized carbon atoms by silver-based nanoparticles is achieved. A mechanism similar to the Mars-van Krevelen process is invoked to explain the catalytic oxidation process. Theoretical calculations, together with the experimental data, suggest that the oxygen molecules dissociate on the surface of silver nanoparticles and diffuse through the silver nanoparticles to reach the silver/carbon interfaces and subsequently oxidize the carbon. The lattice distortion caused by oxygen concentration gradient within the silver nanoparticles provides the direct evidence for oxygen diffusion. Such direct observation of atomic scale dynamics provides an important general methodology for investigations of catalytic processes.
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Study of the Mechanical Behavior of Radially Grown Fivefold Twinned Nanowires on the Atomic Scale. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:3503-3509. [PMID: 27231215 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In situ bending tests and dynamic modeling simulations are for the first time revealing the mechanical behavior of copper nanowires (NW) with radially grown fivefold twin structures on the atomic scale. Combining the simulations with the experimental results it is shown that both the twin boundaries (TBs) and the twin center act as dislocation sources. TB migration and L-locks are readily observed in these types of radially grown fivefold-twin structures.
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Cloning Nacre's 3D Interlocking Skeleton in Engineering Composites to Achieve Exceptional Mechanical Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:5099-5105. [PMID: 27135462 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ceramic/polymer composite equipped with 3D interlocking skeleton (3D IL) is developed through a simple freeze-casting method, exhibiting exceptionally light weight, high strength, toughness, and shock resistance. Long-range crack energy dissipation enabled by 3D interlocking structure is considered as the primary reinforcing mechanism for such superior properties. The smart composite design strategy should hold a place in developing future structural engineering materials.
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