Progenitor cells are responsible for formation of human prostate epithelium primary cultures

AIM

To analyze cell viability and morphology of primary cell cultures from CD133 immunolabeled and sorted cells from epithelium of patients suffering from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).

METHODS

Cells obtained from 5 patients were divided in two fractions. First fraction (CD133+/CD133-) was cultivated in DMEM with 10% FBS. Second fraction was mixed with CD133 microbeads and immunomagnetically divided into CD133+ and CD133- fractions. These cells were cultivated and followed-up for 2 weeks. Cells were stained for Annexin V FITC/propidium iodide.

RESULTS

Seventy CD133+/CD133- cultures, thirty-one of CD133+ and thirty-one of CD133- cells were established. There were 5-fold and 3-fold increase of CD133+/CD133- and CD133+ cell number after 2 weeks, respectively. CD133+/CD133- and CD133+ monolayers displayed epithelial-like morphology and cytokeratine expression. CD133- cultures collapsed. Cell viability within CD133+ and CD133- populations was 90.1-/+6.3% and 24.3-/+6.2%, respectively. Apoptotic index was 9.0-/+6.1% and 28.5-/+23.8% within CD133+ and CD133- cultures, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

CD133 separated human primary epithelial cell cultures displayed differences in morphology, viability and apoptosis occurrence. Immunomagnetic sorting can be recommended in each in vitro experiments with primary cell cultures in order to provide more objective results.

The influence of alpha1-antagonist on the expression pattern of TNF receptor family in primary culture of prostate epithelial cells from BPH patients

Doxazosin triggers apoptosis via an imprecisely defined receptor mechanism that is related to tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs). The aim of this study was to determine CD95, TNFR-1, TNFR-2, CD40 expression in primary prostate epithelial cultures incubated with doxazosin. Epithelial cultures were cultivated from 10 benign prostate hyperplasia patients. The cells were incubated with 20, 50 and 80 microM of doxazosin. Apoptosis was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The cells were analyzed for expression of FAS, CD40, TNFR-1 and TNFR-2 by flow cytometry. Early apoptotic cells were present in all groups. A positive correlation was noticed between doxazosin dose and TNFR-1-, -2-positive cells. A decrease of CD40-positive cell population was observed in the lowest concentration. A decrease of mean fluorescence intensity signal of CD40 and CD95 was observed in the lowest concentration. Doxazosin-triggered apoptosis was dose-independent. The initiation of apoptosis was a result of receptors 'crosstalk' rather than a single receptor pathway activation. TNF receptor self-assembly process should be checked as a potential mechanism leading to apoptosis after doxazosin treatment.

Lack of local anesthetic properties of lidocaine gel in an experimental model

INTRODUCTION

Many reports negate the anesthetic properties of lidocaine gel placed in the urethra during catheterization. The anesthetic action of lidocaine is inseparably associated with the toxic action of this compound on cells.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A primary rabbit urothelial cell culture (PRUCC) was previously established as a monolayer. The effect of 2% lidocaine gel on the viability of the PRUCC was assessed and compared with the cytotoxic effect of decreasing concentrations of lidocaine solution. Cell viability was evaluated after 1-hour exposure using the trypan blue exclusion test.

RESULTS

The 2% lidocaine gel did not show cytotoxic properties after 1 h of incubation on a PRUCC. The 2 and 1% lidocaine solutions induced statistically significant decreases in the viability of the PRUCC after 1 h of incubation.

CONCLUSIONS

Experimental tests evaluating the cytotoxicity of local anesthetics may prove to be an objective measure of the accessibility of these substances to cells and their anesthetic action.

Kidney Preserving Solutions Containing Lidocaine May Increase Urological Complication Rate After Renal Transplantation: An In Vitro Study

OBJECTIVE

The frequency of urological complications after renal transplantation is up to 12%. Some authors consider that lidocaine addition to preservation solutions produces a favorable influence on allograft function. However, lidocaine may influence urinary tract epithelial cells. The aim of this work was to establish the influence of lidocaine on cultured primary rabbit urothelial cells (PRUC) as a tool to understand mechanisms of urological complications after kidney transplantation.

DESIGN AND METHODS

A PRUC culture was established from an 8-month-old male rabbit bladder. The cells were cultured alone and then with in various concentrations of lidocaine for 24 hours or 1 hour. After an additional 24 hours, cell viability was assessed by the trypan blue exclusion test. Student's t test was used for statistical analysis, with significance set at P < .05.

RESULTS

The cytotoxic effects of lidocaine on PRUC were concentration dependent. One-hour exposure of PRUC culture to 0.5 or 1.0% lidocaine decreased cell viability. Both lidocaine concentrations decreased cell viability in PRUC culture after a 24-hour incubation; even 0.25% lidocaine caused changes in the PRUC culture morphology after a 1-hour incubation. Cells became rounded and detached from the growth surface. No cells were observed in the monolayer after 1-hour incubation with 1% of lidocaine.

CONCLUSIONS

The toxic effects of lidocaine on PRUC may forecast problems with supplementation of kidney preservation solutions, leading to impaired epithelial layer healing with an increased risk of urological complications.

Blood and tissue selenium concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activities in patients with prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common cancer in men and a leading cause of cancer death. Prostatic gland accumulates reasonably high amount of selenium (Se), the element that prevents the development of PC. It is hypothesized that some selenoproteins inhibit the transformation of normal prostate epithelium into neoplasm. We studied Se levels in whole blood, plasma and prostate of 32 PC and 40 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients and in the control group composed of 39 healthy subjects. The selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was also measured in the patients' red cells, plasma and prostate tissue. Se concentration in whole blood and plasma in both groups of patients was lower as compared with controls, while in prostate gland it was significantly higher in PC than in BPH patients and controls. Red cell GSH-Px activity was the same in PC patients and controls but significantly lower in BPH patients. Plasma GSH-Px activity was significantly lower in PC patients than in the control group, and prostate GSH-Px activity was significantly lower in PC patients as compared with BPH patients. Since Se has anticancer properties, it is very likely that its low level in blood may facilitate the development of cancer. A higher level of Se in prostate of PC patients has no influence on GSH-Px activity in the gland.

[Fibrinolysis process in blood of patients with bladder carcinoma]

In patients with bladder carcinoma a shorter ELT, and increased concentrations of EDP and t-PA were observed. These indicate on fibrinolysis activation caused by the released of t-PA. The increased fibrinolytic activity can be a cause of hemorrhagic complication occurring sometimes in bladder carcinoma. We observed much stronger activation of fibrinolysis in patients with an advanced bladder carcinoma.

[Tissue type plasminogen activator antigen in urine of patients with bladder cancer]

In urine of 25 patients with bladder carcinoma the antigen of tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA) was assessed. The level of t-PA was much higher in patients with bladder carcinoma in comparison with a control group. We also analyzed the level of t-PA between patients with superficial and invasive bladder carcinoma the level of t-PA was higher. In conclusion, there is t-PA in urine of patients with bladder carcinoma and its level is correlated with staging of neoplasm.

[Tissue plasminogen activator in urine of patients with prostatic carcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia]

In the 20 patients with prostatic carcinoma (PC) and the 18 with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) the level of tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA:Ag) was examined. As a compared group consisted of 24 healthy volunteers. In the urine of examined patients with PC and BPH and control the t-PA:Ag was absent or present only in trace amounts. We concluded that the t-PA:Ag in the urine of patients with PC can not be as a marker in the diagnosis of prostatic diseases especially in the prostatic carcinoma.

[The activity of protein C in the blood of patients with bladder carcinoma]

The activity of Protein C in the blood of patients with bladder carcinoma was examined. The average of Protein C activity was similar both in bladder carcinoma and in control group. The disperse of Protein C activity in bladder carcinoma was more greater than in control. In two patients with bladder carcinoma the bleeding with low activity of Protein C was observed. The low activity of Protein C in the blood of patients with bladder carcinoma can be the symptoms of an increased risk of thromboembolic complications.

Retroperitoneal teratoma

The authors present a case of benign retroperitoneal teratoma in a 3-year-old boy, involving left-sided hydronephrosis. Urography demonstrated that the tumour (as seen in the review photograph) displaced the left kidney and induced considerable hydronephrosis. Operation was performed consisting in removal of the tumour along with the left kidneys, whose artery was closely fused with the tumour. Within the postoperative course no complications occurred.