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Rader Bowers LM, Puodziukynaite E, Wang L, Morseth ZA, Schanze KS, Reynolds JR, Papanikolas JM. It Is Good to Be Flexible: Energy Transport Facilitated by Conformational Fluctuations in Light-Harvesting Polymers. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:5885-5896. [PMID: 34043354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the mechanism of energy transfer between ruthenium(II) (Ru) and osmium(II) (Os) polypyridyl complexes affixed to a polyfluorene backbone (PF-RuOs) using a combination of time-resolved emission spectroscopy and coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG MD). Photoexcitation of a Ru chromophore initiates Dexter-style energy hopping along isoenergetic complexes followed by sensitization of a lower-energy Os trap. While we can determine the total energy transfer rate within an ensemble of solvated PF-RuOs from time-dependent Os* emission spectra, heterogeneity of the system and inherent polymer flexibility give rise to highly multiexponential kinetics. We developed a three-part computational kinetic model to supplement our spectroscopic results: (1) CG MD model of PF-RuOs that simulates molecular motions out to 700 ns, (2) energy transfer kinetic simulations in CG MD PF-RuOs that produce time-resolved Ru and Os excited-state populations, and (3) computational experiments that interrogate the mechanisms by which motion aids energy transfer. Good agreement between simulated and experimental emission transients reveals that our kinetic model accurately simulates the molecular motion of PF-RuOs during energy transfer. Simulated results indicate that pendant flexibility allows 81% of the excited state to sensitize an Os trap compared to a 48% occupation when we treat pendants statically. Our computational experiments show how static pendants are only able to engage in local energy transfer. The excited state equilibrates across a domain of complexes proximal to the initial excitation and becomes trapped within that unique, frozen locality. Side-chain flexibility enables pendants to swing in and out of the original domain spreading the excited state out to ±30 pendant complexes away from the initial excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M Rader Bowers
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Egle Puodziukynaite
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States, United States.,School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zachary A Morseth
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kirk S Schanze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States, United States
| | - John R Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - John M Papanikolas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Morseth ZA, Pho TV, Sheridan MV, Meyer TJ, Schanze KS, Reynolds JR, Papanikolas JM. Interfacial Dynamics within an Organic Chromophore-Based Water Oxidation Molecular Assembly. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:16651-16659. [PMID: 28441864 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced electron injection, intra-assembly electron transfer, and back-electron transfer are investigated in a single-site molecular assembly formed by covalently linking a phosphonated terthiophene (T3) chromophore to a Ru(terpyridine)(bipyridine)(L)2+ (L = MeCN or H2O) water oxidation catalyst adsorbed onto a mesoporous metal-oxide (MOx) film. Density functional theory calculations of the T3-trpy-Ru-L assembly indicate that the molecular components are strongly coupled with enhanced low-energy absorptions owing to the presence of an intraligand charge transfer (ILCT) transition between the T3 and trpy moieties. Ultrafast spectroscopy of the MOx//T3-trpy-Ru-L assemblies reveals that excitation of the surface-bound T3 chromophore results in ps-ns electron injection into the metal-oxide conduction band. Electron injection is followed by rapid (<35 ps) intra-assembly electron transfer from the RuII catalyst to regenerate the T3 chromophore with subsequent back-electron transfer on the microsecond time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Morseth
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Toan V Pho
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Matthew V Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kirk S Schanze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - John R Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - John M Papanikolas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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3
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Morseth ZA, Pho TV, Gilligan AT, Dillon RJ, Schanze KS, Reynolds JR, Papanikolas JM. Role of Macromolecular Structure in the Ultrafast Energy and Electron Transfer Dynamics of a Light-Harvesting Polymer. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:7937-48. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b05589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A. Morseth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Toan V. Pho
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer
Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Alexander T. Gilligan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Robert J. Dillon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kirk S. Schanze
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - John R. Reynolds
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer
Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - John M. Papanikolas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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4
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Pho TV, Sheridan MV, Morseth ZA, Sherman BD, Meyer TJ, Papanikolas JM, Schanze KS, Reynolds JR. Efficient Light-Driven Oxidation of Alcohols Using an Organic Chromophore-Catalyst Assembly Anchored to TiO2. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:9125-9133. [PMID: 27032068 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The ligand 5-PO3H2-2,2':5',2″-terthiophene-5-trpy, T3 (trpy = 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine), was prepared and studied in aqueous solutions along with its metal complex assembly [Ru(T3)(bpy)(OH2)](2+) (T3-Ru-OH2, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine). T3 contains a phosphonic acid group for anchoring to a TiO2 photoanode under aqueous conditions, a terthiophene fragment for light absorption and electron injection into TiO2, and a terminal trpy ligand for the construction of assemblies comprising a molecular oxidation catalyst. At a TiO2 photoanode, T3 displays efficient injection at pH 4.35 as evidenced by the high photocurrents (∼350 uA/cm(2)) arising from hydroquinone oxidation. Addition of [Ru(bpy)(OTf)][OTf]2 (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, OTf(-) = triflate) to T3 at the free trpy ligand forms the molecular assembly, T3-Ru-OH2, with the oxidative catalyst fragment: [Ru(trpy)(bpy)(OH2)](2+). The new assembly, T3-Ru-OH2, was used to perform efficient light-driven oxidation of phenol (230 μA/cm(2)) and benzyl alcohol (25 μA/cm(2)) in a dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toan V Pho
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Matthew V Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zachary A Morseth
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Benjamin D Sherman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - John M Papanikolas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kirk S Schanze
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - John R Reynolds
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Zigler DF, Morseth ZA, Wang L, Ashford DL, Brennaman MK, Grumstrup EM, Brigham EC, Gish MK, Dillon RJ, Alibabaei L, Meyer GJ, Meyer TJ, Papanikolas JM. Disentangling the Physical Processes Responsible for the Kinetic Complexity in Interfacial Electron Transfer of Excited Ru(II) Polypyridyl Dyes on TiO2. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4426-38. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David F. Zigler
- Caudill, Kenan, and Murray
Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus
Box 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zachary A. Morseth
- Caudill, Kenan, and Murray
Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus
Box 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Li Wang
- Caudill, Kenan, and Murray
Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus
Box 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Dennis L. Ashford
- Caudill, Kenan, and Murray
Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus
Box 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - M. Kyle Brennaman
- Caudill, Kenan, and Murray
Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus
Box 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Erik M. Grumstrup
- Caudill, Kenan, and Murray
Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus
Box 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Erinn C. Brigham
- Caudill, Kenan, and Murray
Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus
Box 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Melissa K. Gish
- Caudill, Kenan, and Murray
Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus
Box 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Robert J. Dillon
- Caudill, Kenan, and Murray
Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus
Box 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Leila Alibabaei
- Caudill, Kenan, and Murray
Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus
Box 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Caudill, Kenan, and Murray
Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus
Box 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Caudill, Kenan, and Murray
Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus
Box 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - John M. Papanikolas
- Caudill, Kenan, and Murray
Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus
Box 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Leem G, Morseth ZA, Wee KR, Jiang J, Brennaman MK, Papanikolas JM, Schanze KS. Polymer-Based Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Chromophores on TiO2 for Solar Energy Conversion. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:1257-67. [PMID: 26854269 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201501384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A polychromophoric light-harvesting assembly featuring a polystyrene (PS) backbone with ionic carboxylate-functionalized Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes as pendant groups (PS-Ru-A) was synthesized and successfully anchored onto mesoporous structured TiO2 films (TiO2 //PS-Ru-A). Studies of the resulting TiO2 //PS-Ru-A films carried out by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed that the ionic carboxylated Ru(II) complexes from PS-Ru-A led to the surface immobilization on the TiO2 film. Monochromatic light photocurrent spectroscopy (IPCE) and white light (AM1.5G) current-voltage studies of dye-sensitized solar cells using the TiO2 //PS-Ru-A photoanode give rise to modest photocurrent and white light efficiency (24 % peak IPCE and 0.33 % PCE, respectively). The photostability of surface-bound TiO2 //PS-Ru-A films was tested and compared to a monomeric Ru(II) complex (TiO2 //Ru-A), showing an enhancement of ∼14 % in the photostability of PS-Ru-A. Transient absorption measurements reveal that electron injection from surface-bound pendants occurs on the picosecond time scale, similar to TiO2 //Ru-A, while time-resolved emission measurements reveal delayed electron injection occurring in TiO2 //PS-Ru-A on the nanosecond time scale, underscoring energy transport from unbound to surface-bound complexes. Additionally, charge recombination is delayed in PS-Ru-A, pointing towards intra-assembly hole transport to complexes away from the surface. Molecular dynamics simulations of PS-Ru-A in fluid solution indicate that a majority of the pendant Ru(II) complexes lie within 10-20 Å of each other, facilitating efficient energy- and charge transport among the pendant complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Leem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, United States
| | - Zachary A Morseth
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States
| | - Kyung-Ryang Wee
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States
| | - Junlin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, United States
| | - M Kyle Brennaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States
| | - John M Papanikolas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States
| | - Kirk S Schanze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, United States.
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Morseth ZA, Wang L, Puodziukynaite E, Leem G, Gilligan AT, Meyer TJ, Schanze KS, Reynolds JR, Papanikolas JM. Ultrafast dynamics in multifunctional Ru(II)-loaded polymers for solar energy conversion. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:818-27. [PMID: 25647081 DOI: 10.1021/ar500382u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of sunlight to make chemical fuels (i.e., solar fuels) is an attractive approach in the quest to develop sustainable energy sources. Using nature as a guide, assemblies for artificial photosynthesis will need to perform multiple functions. They will need to be able to harvest light across a broad region of the solar spectrum, transport excited-state energy to charge-separation sites, and then transport and store redox equivalents for use in the catalytic reactions that produce chemical fuels. This multifunctional behavior will require the assimilation of multiple components into a single macromolecular system. A wide variety of different architectures including porphyrin arrays, peptides, dendrimers, and polymers have been explored, with each design posing unique challenges. Polymer assemblies are attractive due to their relative ease of production and facile synthetic modification. However, their disordered nature gives rise to stochastic dynamics not present in more ordered assemblies. The rational design of assemblies requires a detailed understanding of the energy and electron transfer events that follow light absorption, which can occur on time scales ranging from femtoseconds to hundreds of microseconds, necessitating the use of sophisticated techniques. We have used a combination of time-resolved absorption and emission spectroscopies with observation times that span 9 orders of magnitude to follow the excited-state evolution within polymer-based molecular assemblies. We complement experimental observations with molecular dynamics simulations to develop a microscopic view of these dynamics. This Account provides an overview of our work on polymers decorated with pendant Ru(II) chromophores, both in solution and on surfaces. We have examined site-to-site energy transport among the Ru(II) complexes, and in systems incorporating π-conjugated polymers, we have observed ultrafast formation of a long-lived charge-separated state. When attached to TiO2, these assemblies exhibit multifunctional behavior in which photon absorption is followed by energy transport to the surface and electron injection to produce an oxidized metal complex. The oxidizing equivalent is then transferred to the conjugated polymer, giving rise to a long-lived charge-separated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A. Morseth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Li Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Egle Puodziukynaite
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Gyu Leem
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Alexander T. Gilligan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kirk S. Schanze
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - John R. Reynolds
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - John M. Papanikolas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Farnum BH, Morseth ZA, Brennaman MK, Papanikolas JM, Meyer TJ. Application of Degenerately Doped Metal Oxides in the Study of Photoinduced Interfacial Electron Transfer. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:7698-711. [DOI: 10.1021/jp512624u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Byron H. Farnum
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Zachary A. Morseth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - M. Kyle Brennaman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - John M. Papanikolas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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Leem G, Keinan S, Jiang J, Chen Z, Pho T, Morseth ZA, Hu Z, Puodziukynaite E, Fang Z, Papanikolas JM, Reynolds JR, Schanze KS. Ru(bpy)32+ derivatized polystyrenes constructed by nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization. Relationship between polymer chain length, structure and photophysical properties. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01289a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of polystyrene-based light harvesting polymers featuring pendant polypyridyl ruthenium complexes has been synthesized.
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Farnum BH, Morseth ZA, Brennaman MK, Papanikolas JM, Meyer TJ. Driving Force Dependent, Photoinduced Electron Transfer at Degenerately Doped, Optically Transparent Semiconductor Nanoparticle Interfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15869-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ja508862h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Byron H. Farnum
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Zachary A. Morseth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - M. Kyle Brennaman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - John M. Papanikolas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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11
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Farnum BH, Morseth ZA, Lapides AM, Rieth AJ, Hoertz PG, Brennaman MK, Papanikolas JM, Meyer TJ. Photoinduced Interfacial Electron Transfer within a Mesoporous Transparent Conducting Oxide Film. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:2208-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4106418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byron H. Farnum
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Zachary A. Morseth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Alexander M. Lapides
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Adam J. Rieth
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, United States
| | - Paul G. Hoertz
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, United States
| | - M. Kyle Brennaman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - John M. Papanikolas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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