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Khan NF, Ahmed SS, Abdulraheem MI, Reshi ZA, Wahab A, Abdi G. Deciphering mycobiota and its functional dynamics in root hairs of Rhododendron campanulatum D. Don through Next-gen sequencing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10294. [PMID: 38704448 PMCID: PMC11069570 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The Himalayas provide unique opportunities for the extension of shrubs beyond the upper limit of the tree. However, little is known about the limitation of the biotic factors belowground of shrub growth at these cruising altitudes. To fill this gap, the present study deals with the documentation of root-associated microbiota with their predicted functional profiles and interactions in the host Rhododendron campanulatum, a krummholz species. While processing 12 root samples of R. campanulatum from the sites using Omics we could identify 134 root-associated fungal species belonging to 104 genera, 74 families, 39 orders, 17 classes, and 5 phyla. The root-associated microbiota members of Ascomycota were unambiguously dominant followed by Basidiomycota. Using FUNGuild, we reported that symbiotroph and pathotroph as abundant trophic modes. Furthermore, FUNGuild revealed the dominant prevalence of the saptroptroph guild followed by plant pathogens and wood saprotrophs. Alpha diversity was significantly different at the sites. The heatmap dendrogram showed the correlation between various soil nutrients and some fungal species. The study paves the way for a more in-depth exploration of unidentified root fungal symbionts, their interactions and their probable functional roles, which may serve as an important factor for the growth and conservation of these high-altitude ericaceous plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafeesa Farooq Khan
- Biological Invasion Lab, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, 190006, India.
| | - Sheikh Sajad Ahmed
- Biological Invasion Lab, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Mukhtar Iderawumi Abdulraheem
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Science, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zafar Ahmad Reshi
- Biological Invasion Lab, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Abdul Wahab
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gul Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran.
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Hussain M, Thakur RK, Khazir J, Ahmed S, Khan MI, Rahi P, Peer LA, Shanmugam PV, Kaur S, Raina SN, Reshi ZA, Sehgal D, Rajpal VR, Mir BA. Traditional uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of the Genus Artemisia L. (Asteraceae): A High-value Medicinal Plant. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:301-342. [PMID: 37711006 DOI: 10.2174/1568026623666230914104141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Biologically active secondary metabolites, essential oils, and volatile compounds derived from medicinal and aromatic plants play a crucial role in promoting human health. Within the large family Asteraceae, the genus Artemisia consists of approximately 500 species. Artemisia species have a rich history in traditional medicine worldwide, offering remedies for a wide range of ailments, such as malaria, jaundice, toothache, gastrointestinal problems, wounds, inflammatory diseases, diarrhoea, menstrual pains, skin disorders, headache, and intestinal parasites. The therapeutic potential of Artemisia species is derived from a multitude of phytoconstituents, including terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, coumarins, sesquiterpene lactones, lignans, and alkaloids that serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). The remarkable antimalarial, antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antispasmodic, antioxidative and insecticidal properties possessed by the species are attributed to these APIs. Interestingly, several commercially utilized pharmaceutical drugs, including arglabin, artemisinin, artemether, artesunate, santonin, and tarralin have also been derived from different Artemisia species. However, despite the vast medicinal potential, only a limited number of Artemisia species have been exploited commercially. Further, the available literature on traditional and pharmacological uses of Artemisia lacks comprehensive reviews. Therefore, there is an urgent need to bridge the existing knowledge gaps and provide a scientific foundation for future Artemisia research endeavours. It is in this context, the present review aims to provide a comprehensive account of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, documented biological properties and toxicity of all the species of Artemisia and offers useful insights for practitioners and researchers into underutilized species and their potential applications. This review aims to stimulate further exploration, experimentation and collaboration to fully realize the therapeutic potential of Artemisia in augmenting human health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzoor Hussain
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Rakesh Kr Thakur
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, U.P, 201313, India
| | - Jabeena Khazir
- Department of Chemistry, HKM Govt. Degree College Eidgah, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Sajad Ahmed
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu, 180001, J&K, India
| | | | - Praveen Rahi
- Biological Resources Center, Institut Pasteur, University de Paris, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Latif Ahmad Peer
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, 190006, India
| | | | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Soom Nath Raina
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, U.P, 201313, India
| | - Zafar Ahmad Reshi
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Deepmala Sehgal
- Syngenta, Jeolett's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, UK
| | - Vijay Rani Rajpal
- Department of Botany, HansRaj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Mir
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, 190006, India
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Assad R, Reshi ZA, Rashid I. Seedling ectomycorrhization is central to conifer forest restoration: a case study from Kashmir Himalaya. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13321. [PMID: 35922649 PMCID: PMC9349292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, many countries have attempted to carry out forest landscape restoration over millions of hectares of degraded land. Such efforts, however, have met with limited success because of several factors, including a lack of adequate emphasis on ectomycorrhization of the nursery seedlings. A similar scenario is seen in the Kashmir Himalaya, where the natural regeneration of degraded forests is poor despite ample restoration efforts by forest managers. To overcome this challenge, we identified two promising ectomycorrhizal species, namely Clitocybe nuda and Cortinarius distans, for their use in ectomycorrhization of seedlings of three common conifers, namely Abies pindrow, Cedrus deodara, and Picea smithiana. Laboratory studies were carried out to investigate the requirements for optimum mycelial growth of these ectomycorrhizal fungi. Best ECM mycelial growth was obtained in the basic MMN medium containing glucose as the source of carbon and nitrogen in ammonium form. C. distans showed higher growth than C. nuda across all the treatments and also proved significantly more effective in enhancing the survival and growth of the conifer host plant seedlings. The present study resulted in standardizing the requirements for mass inoculum production of the two mycobionts which could help in successful forest restoration programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezwana Assad
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India.
| | - Zafar Ahmad Reshi
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Irfan Rashid
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
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Arfin-Khan MAS, Vetter VMS, Reshi ZA, Dar PA, Jentsch A. Factors influencing seedling emergence of three global invaders in greenhouses representing major eco-regions of the world. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2018; 20:610-618. [PMID: 29450953 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Successful germination and seedling emergence in new environments are crucial first steps in the life history of global plant invaders and thus play a key role in processes of range expansion. We examined the germination and seedling emergence success of three global plant invaders - Lupinus polyphyllus, Senecio inaequidens and Verbascum thapsus - in greenhouses and climate chambers under climate regimes corresponding to seven eco-regions. Seed materials were collected from one non-native population for L. polyphyllus and S. inaequidens, and from 12 populations for V. thapsus (six natives and six non-natives). Experimental climates had significant effects on species responses. No species germinated in the dry (humidity ≤ 50%) and cool (≤ 5 °C) experimental climates. But all species germinated and emerged in two moderately cool (12-19 °C) and in three warm (24-27 °C) experimental climates. In general, V. thapsus showed higher fitness than S. inaequidens and L. polyphyllus. The climate of the seed source region influenced responses of native and non-native populations of V. thapsus. Non-native populations of V. thapsus, originating from the warmer seed source, showed higher performance in warm experimental climates and lower performance in moderately cool experimental climates compared to native populations. Responses of V. thapsus populations were also related to precipitation of the seed source region in moderately dry experimental climates. The warm, semi-arid and humid experimental climates are suitable for the crucial first steps of invasion success for L. polyphyllus, S. inaequidens and V. thapsus. The species adaptation to its source region modified the responses of our studied plants under different experimental climates representing major eco-regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A S Arfin-Khan
- Disturbance Ecology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - V M S Vetter
- Disturbance Ecology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Geoecology/Physical Geography, Institute for Environmental Science, University of Landau, Mainz, Germany
| | - Z A Reshi
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - P A Dar
- Department of Botany, Amar Singh College, Srinagar, India
| | - A Jentsch
- Disturbance Ecology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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Shah MA, Ali MA, Al-Hemaid FM, Reshi ZA. Delimiting invasive Myriophyllum aquaticum in Kashmir Himalaya using a molecular phylogenetic approach. Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:7564-70. [PMID: 25222256 DOI: 10.4238/2014.september.12.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. (family Haloragaceae) is one of the most invasive and destructive South American aquatic plant species and is present in a wide range of geographic regions, including the Kashmir Himalaya. Confusion regarding the taxonomic delimitation of M. aquaticum in the Himalayan region impedes effective and targeted management. Hence, our goal was improve the identification of M. aquaticum for exclusive delimitation from other related species in the study region using a molecular phylogenetic approach. A maximum parsimony tree recovered from phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA was used to authenticate the identification of M. aquaticum. The results of this study can be used for targeted management of this tropical invader into the temperate Kashmir Himalaya.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - M A Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - F M Al-Hemaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Z A Reshi
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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