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Huang X, Hu NQ, He K, Guan ZH, Garber PA, Chapman CA, Jiang XL, Fan PF. Disassociation of social and sexual partner relationships in a gibbon population with stable one-male two-female groups. Am J Primatol 2022; 84:e23394. [PMID: 35612520 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult males living in a one-male multi-female social group are expected to try to monopolize copulations with resident females to increase reproductive fitness. Gibbons have traditionally been described as living in monogamous groups, with the sole resident adult male assumed to sire all of the group's offspring. Here, we used microsatellite analyses and behavioral observations to examine rates of extra-group paternity (EGP) over 16 years in a population of crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor) that form stable and long-term one-male two-female social units. Forty percent of offspring (N = 14) were sired by extra-group males. To understand this high level of EGP, we tested whether inbreeding avoidance was related to EGP. Females who engaged in EGP did not show larger pairwise relatedness with their resident male compared to females who did not engage in EGP. Nevertheless, the standardized heterozygosity of EGP offspring was significantly higher than for offspring sired by the group's resident male. These results provide partial support for the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis. It appears that resident male crested gibbons are unable to monopolize resident females' matings. Our results indicate that long-term social partners are often distinct from sexual partners in this population. Clearly, the breeding system of crested gibbons is more flexible than previously thought, indicating a need for integrating long-term behavioral data and genetic research to re-evaluate gibbon social and sexual relationships derived from concepts of monogamy and pair-bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nai-Qing Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Kai He
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Application in Biodiversity of South China, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Paul A Garber
- Department of Anthropology, Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Colin A Chapman
- Wilson Center, Washington DC, USA.,School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Anthropology, Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Xue-Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Peng-Fei Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Geng Y, He JF, Li YC, Guan ZH, He XY, Sun J, Huang ZP, Li YP, Yong F, Xiao W, Cui LW. Preliminary study on dietary selection in Shortridge's langurs ( Trachypithecus shortridgei) from China. Zool Res 2020; 41:715-720. [PMID: 32816411 PMCID: PMC7671917 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding dietary selection and feeding strategies is important for the conservation and management of endangered primate species. Here, we conducted a preliminary study on the diet and feeding behavior of endangered Shortridge’s langurs (Trachypithecus shortridgei) within the Drung River Valley (Dulongjiang) in southwestern China. The study site lies at a high latitude (N27°47.5′) and elevation (1 900 m a.s.l.) and is characterized by substantial annual rainfall (2 745.1 mm). From August 2012 to September 2013, we observed five groups of langurs and analyzed their overall food composition and dietary variation in spring and autumn. To understand their dietary adaptations to the distinctive habitat of the Drung River Valley, we also compared the diet of Shortridge’s langurs to that of other Trachypithecus species inhabiting different environments. Results indicated that T. shortridgei fed on 52 plant species, 23 of which each accounted for ≥1% of their annual feeding time. Their primary dietary components included leaves (46.2%, young, mature, and petioles), fruits (28.7%, unripe 17.6%, ripe 11.1%), and mosses (10.2%). The langurs mainly consumed mature (34.2%) and young leaves (27.5%) in spring and ripe fruits (39.4%) and mature leaves (24.7%) in autumn. Two species of moss (Macrothamnium macrocarpum and Scapania verrucosa, 21.2% of annual feeding time), which are usually found growing together on cliffs, played a relatively important role in the diet of T. shortridgei. The langurs mainly consumed ripe fruits of Saurauia napaulensis (7.1%) and Dendropanax burmanicus (7.1%), which were abundant at lower elevations. Trachypithecus species in temperate forests consumed more fruits and seeds but fewer leaves (similar mature leaves but fewer young leaves) than those species in tropical forests, which may be related to their availability and abundance. Compared to Trachypithecus species in temperate forests, the higher proportion of mosses and mature leaves but fewer young leaves in the annual diet of T. shortridgei are likely a response to the distinctive Drung River Valley habitat. Therefore, conservation of the main food plants of this threatened species could be vital for its survival and conservation management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Geng
- Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
| | - Jia-Fei He
- Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China.,Provincial Forestry and Grassland Bureau in Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
| | - Ying-Chun Li
- Nujiang Administration Bureau, Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, Liuku, Yunnan 673100, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Guan
- Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
| | - Xiao-Yang He
- Nujiang Administration Bureau, Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, Liuku, Yunnan 673100, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Nujiang Administration Bureau, Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, Liuku, Yunnan 673100, China
| | - Zhi-Pang Huang
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali, Yunnan 671003, China.,Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region from Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671003, China
| | - Yan-Peng Li
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali, Yunnan 671003, China.,Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region from Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671003, China
| | - Fan Yong
- Nanjing Institution of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environmental of China, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biodiversity and Conservation in Three Parallel Rivers Region of China, Dali, Yunnan 671003, China.,Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region from Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671003, China. E-mail:
| | - Liang-Wei Cui
- Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China.,Provincial Innovation Team of Biodiversity Conservation and Utility of the Three Parallel Rivers Region from Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671003, China. E-mail:
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Ning WH, Guan ZH, Huang B, Fan PF, Jiang XL. Influence of food availability and climate on behavior patterns of western black crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor) at Mt. Wuliang, Yunnan, China. Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e23068. [PMID: 31721262 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Food abundance and climatic factors can significantly affect the behavior of animals and constrain their activity budgets. The population of western black crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor) in Mt. Wuliang lives in montane forest and is close to the northern extreme of the distribution for gibbons (Hylobatidae). Their habitats show remarkable seasonal variation in terms of food availability, temperature, and rainfall. To understand behavioral adaptations of western black crested gibbons to different sets of ecological conditions, we examined relationships among food availability, mean temperature, rainfall, and behavior patterns by observing two groups for 1 year each. Our results revealed that activity budget was affected by food availability and mean temperature. The gibbons spent more time eating flowers when that resource was more available and spent less time moving when fruit was more available. The gibbons spent less time feeding and more time resting, and spent less feeding time on fruit and leaves when the mean temperature was lower. These results suggest that the gibbons displayed a pronounced preference for flowers as a food resource and adopted a time minimizer strategy when high-nutrient food items (i.e., fruit) were more available. In addition, the gibbons adopted an energy-conserving strategy during periods of low temperature. The flexibility of behavioral patterns in responding to food availability and temperature may potentially improve the gibbons' prospects of surviving and reproducing in a northern montane forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-He Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Kunming College of life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Guan
- Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Bei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Peng-Fei Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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4
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Guan ZH, Ma CY, Fei HL, Huang B, Ning WH, Ni QY, Jiang XL, Fan PF. Ecology and social system of northern gibbons living in cold seasonal forests. Zool Res 2018; 39:255-265. [PMID: 29551759 PMCID: PMC5968854 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2018.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Gibbons in China represent the northernmost margin of present day gibbon species distribution (around N25°). Compared to tropical habitats, northern gibbon habitats are characterized by low temperatures and remarkable seasonal variation in fruit abundance. How gibbons adapt to their cold and seasonal habitats and what ecological factors affect their sociality are key questions for understanding their ecology and social system evolution, the elucidation of which will contribute to the conservation of these special populations/species. According to preliminary short-term studies, northern gibbons consume more leaves and use larger home ranges than tropical gibbons. Interestingly, some Nomascus groups consist of more than one adult female. However, these preliminary results are not well understood or incorporated into current socio-ecological theories regarding gibbon species. To better understand northern gibbons, our team has systematically studied three habituated groups of Nomascus concolor, three groups of N. nasutus, and two habituated groups of Hoolock tianxing since 2002. In this paper, we stress the challenges facing gibbons living in northern habitats and summarize their behavioral adaptations to their harsh environments. We also describe the northern gibbon social system and discuss the potential relationships between their ecology and sociality. Finally, we highlight future research questions related to northern gibbons in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Guan
- Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Forest Disaster Warning and Control Key Laboratory, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming Yunnan 650224, China
| | - Chang-Yong Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Han-Lan Fei
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Bei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Wen-He Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Qing-Yong Ni
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xue-Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Peng-Fei Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong 510275, China; E-mail:
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5
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Guan ZH, Huang B, Ning WH, Ni QY, Jiang XL. Proximity association in polygynous western black crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor jingdongensis): network structure and seasonality. Dongwuxue Yanjiu 2016; 34:E1-8. [PMID: 23389981 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1141.2013.e01e01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the structure and seasonality of the proximity network in a group of polygynous western black crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor) using social network analysis. The spatial proximity changed seasonally and was affected by temperature and rainfall. Preferred proximity association was not distributed randomly among individuals. Kinship was one explanation for the social structure, as offspring preferred to maintain close proximity with their mothers. The proximity of infants to mothers decreased with age, and independent offspring had lower proximity to mothers than dependent ones. We found that the adult male had different proximity relationships with two different adult females. The frequency of proximity between the male and the infant-carrying female was significantly higher than that between the male and the female who had immigrated carrying one offspring of uncertain paternity into the group. Infanticide avoidance and/or predation protection for dependent infants might explain the proximity relationship differences. Temperature influenced group proximity association, with individual proximity increasing in the cold months and decreasing in the hot months. Group proximity decreased in months with higher anthropogenic disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
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6
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Zhang XY, Yao X, Chen ZW, Jiang XH, Xie NH, Zhang CY, Guan ZH. A diagnostic kit for the enteroviruses Coxsackie A6 and A10. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr7431. [PMID: 27050955 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15017431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been an upward trend in the occurrence of hand-foot-mouth disease, which is correlated with Coxsackie A6 and A10 infections. Although two separate diagnostic reagents are available for these two viral strains, the protocol and diagnosis efficiency still need to be improved. More importantly, as co-infection with these viruses is common, the development of a single test kit that can diagnose both viruses would be most beneficial for clinical practice. In our study, specific primers targeting viral nucleic acids were designed and modified. Viral nucleic acids were extracted from fecal or throat swab samples by ultrasonic rupture and silicon membrane purification. The consistency, specificity, and sensitivity of the tests were further optimized by adjusting the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions. The efficiency of viral nucleic acid extraction was significantly enhanced by the ultrasonic rupture and silicon membrane elution approach. Specific amplifications of both viral nucleic acids were achieved using modified primers. The optimal conditions for PCR were also determined (60°C for 30 min and 95°C for 2 min, followed by 40 cycles of denaturation for 30 s at 95°C, annealing for 30 s at 60°C, and elongation for 50 s at 72°C). Amplified products were confirmed as viral specific nucleotides by agarose gel electrophoresis and sequencing. The minimal nucleic acid concentration required for detection was 0.2 ng/L, which was adequate to yield satisfactory specificity and consistency. This novel diagnostic method has many advantages, including rapid protocols and accurate results, and can be promoted for large-scale clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taijiang, Fuzhou, China
| | - X Yao
- Department of Microbiology, Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taijiang, Fuzhou, China
| | - Z W Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taijiang, Fuzhou, China
| | - X H Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taijiang, Fuzhou, China
| | - N H Xie
- Department of Molecular Biology, Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taijiang, Fuzhou, China
| | - C Y Zhang
- Department of Virology, Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taijiang, Fuzhou, China
| | - Z H Guan
- Department of Virology, Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taijiang, Fuzhou, China
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7
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Shi N, Zhang XY, Dong CY, Hou JL, Zhang ML, Guan ZH, Li ZY, Duan M. Alterations in microRNA expression profile in rabies virus-infected mouse neurons. Acta Virol 2014; 58:120-7. [PMID: 24957716 DOI: 10.4149/av_2014_02_120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rabies virus (RABV) is known to cause a fatal infection in many mammalian species, yet its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. This study was performed to analyze the microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in RABV-infected primary neurons of mice. A total of 53 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in RABV-infected samples compared with mock samples in a time-dependent manner. Among them, the expression of ten miRNAs was validated by real-time RT-PCR. Potential target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted by TargetScan. Further bioinformatics analysis indicated that these predicted targets were overrepresented in neuronal function-related Gene Ontology (GO) terms and biological pathways. The results of this study suggest that RABV may cause neuronal dysfunction by regulating cellular miRNA expression.
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Guan ZH, Huang B, Ning WH, Ni QY, Sun GZ, Jiang XL. Significance of grooming behavior in two polygynous groups of western black crested gibbons: Implications for understanding social relationships among immigrant and resident group members. Am J Primatol 2013; 75:1165-73. [PMID: 23843246 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In primates, grooming is considered among the most common behaviors for maintaining social bonds; however, to date, few studies have examined grooming behavior in gibbon species in detail. We used both a 5-min interval scan method and social network analysis to study grooming in two groups of polygynous western black-crested gibbon (Nomascus concolor) in Wuliang Mountain, Central Yunnan, China. Individuals in both groups spent little time in social grooming (1.45% and 1.97% of active time). We compared the two groups' grooming networks and found that the group that maintained a more stable social unit had a more complex grooming network while the group with new immigrants had a grooming network characterized by fewer grooming pairs. Females in both groups played important roles in the grooming network. A newly immigrant female spent the most time grooming others and chose the resident adult female as her main adult grooming partner. Other females from both groups chose the adult male as their primary grooming partner (except their offspring). A sub-adult male who had resided in his natal group for 2 years after maturing into an adult also groomed more and was at the center of the network. This male finally replaced the breeding male in his group 3 years after our data collection period ended. We hypothesize that the immigrant female and the resident young adult male engaged in more extensive grooming interactions as a behavioral strategy to gain tolerance from long-term residents. Our results suggest that female gibbons in polygynous groups actively cooperate in maintaining social relationships rather than co-exist through tolerance or avoidance. Our observations indicate that grooming networks in crested gibbons reflect individual dynamics and partly support the social cohesion hypothesis for primate grooming. In this regard, we suggest that changes in gibbon grooming networks can be used to predict social change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Guan ZH, Zhang ML, Hou PL, Duan M, Cui YM, Wang XR. Identification of cellular proteins interacting with influenza A virus PB1-F2 protein. Acta Virol 2013; 56:199-207. [PMID: 23043599 DOI: 10.4149/av_2012_03_199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The influenza A virus (IAV) protein PB1-F2, which is encoded by an alternative ORF of the PB1 polymerase gene, has been implicated as an important virulence factor and apoptosis inducer. However, the molecular mechanism of PB1-F2 function remains elusive. In this study, eight cellular proteins were identified as potential PB1-F2 interacting partners using the yeast two-hybrid system. Two positive candidate proteins, guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein) beta polypeptide 2 (Gβ2) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), were selected to be further characterized. The interaction of MIF and Gβ2 with PB1-F2 was confirmed by both GST pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Confocal laser microscopy showed that the interaction between PB1-F2 and the two cellular proteins occurred in the cytoplasm. The novel interactions between PB1-F2 and host proteins provide further pieces of evidence in the investigation of the pathogenic mechanism of IAV. KEYWORDS influenza A virus; PB1-F2; yeast two-hybrid; protein-protein interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Guan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, P. R. China.
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10
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Sun GZ, Huang B, Guan ZH, Geissmann T, Jiang XL. Individuality in male songs of wild black crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor). Am J Primatol 2010; 73:431-8. [PMID: 21432872 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This is the first study of vocal individuality in male songs of black crested gibbons. The sound recordings were carried out at two field sites, Pinghe, Ailao Mountains, and Dazhaizi, Wuliang Mountains, both located in Yunnan province, China. A total of 127 coda phrases of 38 male songs bouts of eight individual male gibbons were analyzed. Stepwise discriminant function analysis was used to examine the acoustic individuality of the males. We found that individuality among neighbors was very pronounced. Moreover, individuality within a site (i.e. among neighbors) is higher than among individuals between sites. Our finding suggests that black crested gibbons may actively increase their degree of vocal individuality against that of their immediate neighbors by vocal adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Zheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, China
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Guan
- Department of Control Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
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12
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Abstract
Many systems existing in physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, and information science can be characterized by impulsive dynamics caused by abrupt jumps at certain instants during the process. These complex dynamical behaviors can be modeled by impulsive differential systems or impulsive neural networks. This paper formulates and studies a new model of impulsive autoassociative neural networks. Several fundamental issues, such as global exponential stability and existence and uniqueness of equilibria of such neural networks, are established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Guan
- Department of Control Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Ritter D, Dean AD, Guan ZH, Greenwald JE. Polarized distribution of renal natriuretic peptide receptors in normal physiology and ischemia. Am J Physiol 1995; 269:F918-25. [PMID: 8594888 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.1995.269.6.f918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The polarized expression of guanylyl cyclase-coupled natriuretic peptide receptors, types A (GC-A) and B (GC-B), was measured in inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCD) of normal and ischemic rat kidneys, as well as in IMCD cells. Exposure of normal rat kidney medulla to an anti-GC-A antibody demonstrated a propensity of receptor staining on the cellular basal membrane. The polarization of GC-A receptors was lost in the ischemic kidney. The maximal binding capacity of 125I-atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) to the basal membrane of the inner medullary cell line mIMCD-K2 was five times greater than that to the apical membrane. ANF or C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) added to the basal side of cultured cells resulted in guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate formation that was greater than when applied to the apical side. Depletion of ATP stores in cultured cells was followed by an increase of 125I-ANF binding to apical cellular membranes. Similar results were obtained when receptor guanylyl cyclase activity was assayed. In conclusion, these results suggest that functional GC-A and GC-B receptors are present predominantly on the basal membrane of IMCD. However, depletion of cellular ATP stores such as in ischemia is followed by a partial loss of polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ritter
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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