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Gopal RK, Vantaku VR, Panda A, Reimer B, Rath S, To TL, Fisch AS, Cetinbas M, Livneh M, Calcaterra MJ, Gigliotti BJ, Pierce KA, Clish CB, Dias-Santagata D, Sadow PM, Wirth LJ, Daniels GH, Sadreyev RI, Calvo SE, Parangi S, Mootha VK. Effectors Enabling Adaptation to Mitochondrial Complex I Loss in Hürthle Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:1904-1921. [PMID: 37262067 PMCID: PMC10401073 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Oncocytic (Hürthle cell) carcinoma of the thyroid (HCC) is genetically characterized by complex I mitochondrial DNA mutations and widespread chromosomal losses. Here, we utilize RNA sequencing and metabolomics to identify candidate molecular effectors activated by these genetic drivers. We find glutathione biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, mitochondrial unfolded protein response, and lipid peroxide scavenging to be increased in HCC. A CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen in a new HCC model reveals which pathways are key for fitness, and highlights loss of GPX4, a defense against lipid peroxides and ferroptosis, as a strong liability. Rescuing complex I redox activity with the yeast NADH dehydrogenase (NDI1) in HCC cells diminishes ferroptosis sensitivity, while inhibiting complex I in normal thyroid cells augments ferroptosis induction. Our work demonstrates unmitigated lipid peroxide stress to be an HCC vulnerability that is mechanistically coupled to the genetic loss of mitochondrial complex I activity. SIGNIFICANCE HCC harbors abundant mitochondria, mitochondrial DNA mutations, and chromosomal losses. Using a CRISPR-Cas9 screen inspired by transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling, we identify molecular effectors essential for cell fitness. We uncover lipid peroxide stress as a vulnerability coupled to mitochondrial complex I loss in HCC. See related article by Frank et al., p. 1884. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1749.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj K. Gopal
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Venkata R. Vantaku
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Apekshya Panda
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bryn Reimer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sneha Rath
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tsz-Leung To
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Adam S. Fisch
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Murat Cetinbas
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maia Livneh
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Kerry A. Pierce
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Clary B. Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Dora Dias-Santagata
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter M. Sadow
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lori J. Wirth
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gilbert H. Daniels
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Thyroid Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ruslan I. Sadreyev
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah E. Calvo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sareh Parangi
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vamsi K. Mootha
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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