Adrian AE, Liu TT, Pascal LE, Bauer SR, DeFranco DB, Ricke WA. Aging-Related Mitochondrial Dysfunction Is Associated With Fibrosis in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024;
79:glad222. [PMID:
37738211 PMCID:
PMC11083627 DOI:
10.1093/gerona/glad222]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Age is the greatest risk factor for lower urinary tract symptoms attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH). Although LUTS/BPH can be managed with pharmacotherapy, treatment failure has been putatively attributed to numerous pathological features of BPH (eg, prostatic fibrosis, inflammation). Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of aging; however, its impact on the pathological features of BPH remains unknown.
METHODS
Publicly available gene array data were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry examined mitochondrial proteins in the human prostate. The effect of complex I inhibition (rotenone) on a prostatic cell line was examined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemistry, and Seahorse assays. Oleic acid (OA) was tested as a bypass of complex I inhibition. Aged mice were treated with OA to examine its effects on urinary dysfunction. Voiding was assessed longitudinally, and a critical complex I protein measured.
RESULTS
Mitochondrial function and fibrosis genes were altered in BPH. Essential mitochondrial proteins (ie, voltage-dependent anion channels 1 and 2, PTEN-induced kinase 1, and NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [NDUFS3]) were significantly (p < .05) decreased in BPH. Complex I inhibition in cultured cells resulted in decreased respiration, altered NDUFS3 expression, increased collagen deposition, and gene expression. OA ameliorated these effects. OA-treated aged mice had significantly (p < .05) improved voiding function and higher prostatic NDUFS3 expression.
CONCLUSIONS
Complex I dysfunction is a potential contributor to fibrosis and lower urinary tract dysfunction in aged mice. OA partially bypasses complex I inhibition and therefore should be further investigated as a mitochondrial modulator for treatment of LUTS/BPH. Hypotheses generated in this investigation offer a heretofore unexplored cellular target of interest for the management of LUTS/BPH.
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