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Gyobu‐Motani S, Yabuta Y, Mizuta K, Katou Y, Okamoto I, Kawasaki M, Kitamura A, Tsukiyama T, Iwatani C, Tsuchiya H, Tsujimura T, Yamamoto T, Nakamura T, Saitou M. Induction of fetal meiotic oocytes from embryonic stem cells in cynomolgus monkeys. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112962. [PMID: 36929479 PMCID: PMC10152148 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human in vitro oogenesis provides a framework for clarifying the mechanism of human oogenesis. To create its benchmark, it is vital to promote in vitro oogenesis using a model physiologically close to humans. Here, we establish a foundation for in vitro oogenesis in cynomolgus (cy) monkeys (Macaca fascicularis): cy female embryonic stem cells harboring one active and one inactive X chromosome (Xa and Xi, respectively) differentiate robustly into primordial germ cell-like cells, which in xenogeneic reconstituted ovaries develop efficiently into oogonia and, remarkably, further into meiotic oocytes at the zygotene stage. This differentiation entails comprehensive epigenetic reprogramming, including Xi reprogramming, yet Xa and Xi remain epigenetically asymmetric with, as partly observed in vivo, incomplete Xi reactivation. In humans and monkeys, the Xi epigenome in pluripotent stem cells functions as an Xi-reprogramming determinant. We further show that developmental pathway over-activations with suboptimal up-regulation of relevant meiotic genes impede in vitro meiotic progression. Cy in vitro oogenesis exhibits critical homology with the human system, including with respect to bottlenecks, providing a salient model for advancing human in vitro oogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Gyobu‐Motani
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yukihiro Yabuta
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Ken Mizuta
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yoshitaka Katou
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Ikuhiro Okamoto
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Masanori Kawasaki
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Ayaka Kitamura
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Tomoyuki Tsukiyama
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Research Center for Animal Life ScienceShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Chizuru Iwatani
- Research Center for Animal Life ScienceShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Hideaki Tsuchiya
- Research Center for Animal Life ScienceShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Taro Tsujimura
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKENTokyoJapan
| | - Tomonori Nakamura
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- The Hakubi Center for Advanced ResearchKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Mitinori Saitou
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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Harding RJ, Loppnau P, Ackloo S, Lemak A, Hutchinson A, Hunt B, Holehouse AS, Ho JC, Fan L, Toledo-Sherman L, Seitova A, Arrowsmith CH. Design and characterization of mutant and wildtype huntingtin proteins produced from a toolkit of scalable eukaryotic expression systems. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:6986-7001. [PMID: 30842263 PMCID: PMC6497952 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene mutated in individuals with Huntington's disease (HD) encodes the 348-kDa huntingtin (HTT) protein. Pathogenic HD CAG-expansion mutations create a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract at the N terminus of HTT that expands above a critical threshold of ∼35 glutamine residues. The effect of these HD mutations on HTT is not well understood, in part because it is difficult to carry out biochemical, biophysical, and structural studies of this large protein. To facilitate such studies, here we have generated expression constructs for the scalable production of HTT in multiple eukaryotic expression systems. Our set of HTT expression clones comprised both N- and C-terminally FLAG-tagged HTT constructs with polyQ lengths representative of the general population, HD patients, and juvenile HD patients, as well as the more extreme polyQ expansions used in some HD tissue and animal models. Our expression system yielded milligram quantities of pure recombinant HTT protein, including many of the previously mapped post-translational modifications. We characterized both apo and HTT-HTT-associated protein 40 (HAP40) complex samples produced with this HD resource, demonstrating that this toolkit can be used to generate physiologically meaningful HTT complexes. We further demonstrate that these resources can produce sufficient material for protein-intensive experiments, such as small-angle X-ray scattering, providing biochemical insight into full-length HTT protein structure. The work outlined and the tools generated here lay a foundation for further biochemical and structural work on the HTT protein and for studying its functional interactions with other biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Harding
- From the Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada,
| | - Peter Loppnau
- From the Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Suzanne Ackloo
- From the Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Alexander Lemak
- the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ashley Hutchinson
- From the Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Brittany Hunt
- From the Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Alex S Holehouse
- the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biological Systems Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Jolene C Ho
- From the Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Lixin Fan
- the Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, SAXS Core of NCI, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21701, and
| | | | - Alma Seitova
- From the Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Cheryl H Arrowsmith
- From the Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada,
- the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
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Martin EM, Jackson MP, Gamerdinger M, Gense K, Karamonos TK, Humes JR, Deuerling E, Ashcroft AE, Radford SE. Conformational flexibility within the nascent polypeptide-associated complex enables its interactions with structurally diverse client proteins. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:8554-8568. [PMID: 29650757 PMCID: PMC5986199 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As newly synthesized polypeptides emerge from the ribosome, it is crucial that they fold correctly. To prevent premature aggregation, nascent chains interact with chaperones that facilitate folding or prevent misfolding until protein synthesis is complete. Nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC) is a ribosome-associated chaperone that is important for protein homeostasis. However, how NAC binds its substrates remains unclear. Using native electrospray ionization MS (ESI-MS), limited proteolysis, NMR, and cross-linking, we analyzed the conformational properties of NAC from Caenorhabditis elegans and studied its ability to bind proteins in different conformational states. Our results revealed that NAC adopts an array of compact and expanded conformations and binds weakly to client proteins that are unfolded, folded, or intrinsically disordered, suggestive of broad substrate compatibility. Of note, we found that this weak binding retards aggregation of the intrinsically disordered protein α-synuclein both in vitro and in vivo These findings provide critical insights into the structure and function of NAC. Specifically, they reveal the ability of NAC to exploit its conformational plasticity to bind a repertoire of substrates with unrelated sequences and structures, independently of actively translating ribosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M Martin
- From the Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom and
| | - Matthew P Jackson
- From the Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom and
| | - Martin Gamerdinger
- the Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Microbiology, University of Konstanz, 78454 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karina Gense
- the Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Microbiology, University of Konstanz, 78454 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Theodoros K Karamonos
- From the Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom and
| | - Julia R Humes
- From the Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom and
| | - Elke Deuerling
- the Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Microbiology, University of Konstanz, 78454 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alison E Ashcroft
- From the Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom and
| | - Sheena E Radford
- From the Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom and
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