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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Song
- Department of Health Care PolicyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
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2
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Iordan AD, Moored KD, Katz B, Cooke KA, Buschkuehl M, Jaeggi SM, Polk TA, Peltier SJ, Jonides J, Reuter‐Lorenz PA. Age differences in functional network reconfiguration with working memory training. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:1888-1909. [PMID: 33534925 PMCID: PMC7978135 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Demanding cognitive functions like working memory (WM) depend on functional brain networks being able to communicate efficiently while also maintaining some degree of modularity. Evidence suggests that aging can disrupt this balance between integration and modularity. In this study, we examined how cognitive training affects the integration and modularity of functional networks in older and younger adults. Twenty three younger and 23 older adults participated in 10 days of verbal WM training, leading to performance gains in both age groups. Older adults exhibited lower modularity overall and a greater decrement when switching from rest to task, compared to younger adults. Interestingly, younger but not older adults showed increased task-related modularity with training. Furthermore, whereas training increased efficiency within, and decreased participation of, the default-mode network for younger adults, it enhanced efficiency within a task-specific salience/sensorimotor network for older adults. Finally, training increased segregation of the default-mode from frontoparietal/salience and visual networks in younger adults, while it diffusely increased between-network connectivity in older adults. Thus, while younger adults increase network segregation with training, suggesting more automated processing, older adults persist in, and potentially amplify, a more integrated and costly global workspace, suggesting different age-related trajectories in functional network reorganization with WM training.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle D. Moored
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Benjamin Katz
- Department of Human Development and Family ScienceVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | | | | | - Susanne M. Jaeggi
- School of EducationUniversity of California‐IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Thad A. Polk
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Scott J. Peltier
- Functional MRI LaboratoryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - John Jonides
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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3
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Vanderheyden WM, Kehoe M, Vanini G, Britton SL, Koch LG. Rat models for low and high adaptive response to exercise differ for stress-related memory and anxiety. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14716. [PMID: 33619911 PMCID: PMC7900769 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise and fitness may serve as resilience factors to stress exposure. However, the extreme range in human exercise performance suggests that genetic variation for exercise capacity could be a confounding feature to understanding the connection between exercise and stress exposure. To test this idea, we use laboratory rat models selectively bred for a low and high gain in aerobic running capacity in response to training to examine whether an inherent capacity to respond to physical exercise reflects how stress changes neurobiological functioning and regulates fear-associated memory processing. Utilization of this contrasting rat model system of low and high responders has the potential to guide the interpretation of the reported association with exercise involvement and the reduction of stress-induced anxiety disorders. Our data show that aerobic fitness may be linked to the ability to regulate fear-associated memories. We also show that acquired exercise capacity may play a key role in regulating responses to an acute stressor. Exercise sensitivity plays a significant role in the activation of the plasticity-associated molecule extracellular signal-regulated kinase, changes in stress hormone activity, and anatomical modifications to the noradrenergic locus coeruleus. These data identify a unique operational mechanism that may serve as translational targets for lessening symptoms of stress and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michaela Kehoe
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Giancarlo Vanini
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Steven L. Britton
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyThe University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOHUSA
| | - Lauren Gerard Koch
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyThe University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOHUSA
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Sebastiani P, Federico A, Morris M, Gurinovich A, Tanaka T, Chandler KB, Andersen SL, Denis G, Costello CE, Ferrucci L, Jennings L, Glass DJ, Monti S, Perls TT. Protein signatures of centenarians and their offspring suggest centenarians age slower than other humans. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13290. [PMID: 33512769 PMCID: PMC7884029 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Using samples from the New England Centenarian Study (NECS), we sought to characterize the serum proteome of 77 centenarians, 82 centenarians' offspring, and 65 age-matched controls of the offspring (mean ages: 105, 80, and 79 years). We identified 1312 proteins that significantly differ between centenarians and their offspring and controls (FDR < 1%), and two different protein signatures that predict longer survival in centenarians and in younger people. By comparing the centenarian signature with 2 independent proteomic studies of aging, we replicated the association of 484 proteins of aging and we identified two serum protein signatures that are specific of extreme old age. The data suggest that centenarians acquire similar aging signatures as seen in younger cohorts that have short survival periods, suggesting that they do not escape normal aging markers, but rather acquire them much later than usual. For example, centenarian signatures are significantly enriched for senescence-associated secretory phenotypes, consistent with those seen with younger aged individuals, and from this finding, we provide a new list of serum proteins that can be used to measure cellular senescence. Protein co-expression network analysis suggests that a small number of biological drivers may regulate aging and extreme longevity, and that changes in gene regulation may be important to reach extreme old age. This centenarian study thus provides additional signatures that can be used to measure aging and provides specific circulating biomarkers of healthy aging and longevity, suggesting potential mechanisms that could help prolong health and support longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sebastiani
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy StudiesTufts Medical CenterBostonMAUSA
| | - Anthony Federico
- Bioinformatics ProgramBoston UniversityBostonMAUSA
- Division of Computational BiomedicineDepartment of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Melody Morris
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchCambridgeMAUSA
| | | | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Kevin B. Chandler
- Translational Glycobiology InstituteDepartment of Translational MedicineFlorida International UniversityHerbert Wertheim College of MedicineMiamiFLUSA
| | - Stacy L. Andersen
- Geriatric SectionDepartment of MedicineBoston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical CenterBostonMAUSA
| | - Gerald Denis
- Department of MedicineBU‐BMC Cancer CenterBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Catherine E. Costello
- Department of BiochemistryCenter for Biomedical Mass SpectrometryBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Lori Jennings
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchCambridgeMAUSA
| | - David J. Glass
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchCambridgeMAUSA
- Regeneron PharmaceuticalsTarrytownNYUSA
| | - Stefano Monti
- Bioinformatics ProgramBoston UniversityBostonMAUSA
- Division of Computational BiomedicineDepartment of MedicineBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Thomas T. Perls
- Geriatric SectionDepartment of MedicineBoston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical CenterBostonMAUSA
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Kassam HA, Bahnson EM, Cartaya A, Jiang W, Avram MJ, Tsihlis ND, Stupp SI, Kibbe MR. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of a collagen-targeted peptide amphiphile for cardiovascular applications. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00672. [PMID: 33090704 PMCID: PMC7580710 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis remains a leading cause of death and disability around the world and a major driver of health care spending. Nanomaterials have gained widespread attention due to their promising potential for clinical translation and use. We have developed a collagen-targeted peptide amphiphile (PA)-based nanofiber for the prevention of neointimal hyperplasia after arterial injury. Our goal was to characterize the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the collagen-targeted PA to further its advancement into clinical trials. Collagen-targeted PA was injected into the internal jugular vein of Sprague Dawley rats. PA concentrations in plasma collected at various times after injection (0 to 72 hours) were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetics of the collagen-targeted PA were characterized by a three-compartment model, with an extremely rapid apparent elimination clearance resulting in a plasma concentration decrease of more than two orders of magnitude within the first hour after injection. This rapid initial decline in plasma concentration was not due to degradation by plasma components, as collagen-targeted PA was stable in plasma ex vivo for up to 3 hours. Indeed, cellular blood components appear to be partly responsible, as only 15% of collagen-targeted PA were recovered following incubation with whole blood. Nanofibers in whole blood also adhered to red blood cells (RBCs) and were engulfed by mononuclear cells. This work highlights the unique pharmacokinetics of our collagen-targeted PA, which differ from pharmacokinetics of small molecules. Because of their targeted nature, these nanomaterials should not require sustained elevated plasma concentrations to achieve a therapeutic effect the way small molecules typically do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein A. Kassam
- Department of SurgeryCenter for Nanotechnology in Drug DeliveryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Edward M. Bahnson
- Department of SurgeryCenter for Nanotechnology in Drug DeliveryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and McAllister Heart InstituteUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Ana Cartaya
- Department of SurgeryCenter for Nanotechnology in Drug DeliveryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and McAllister Heart InstituteUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Wulin Jiang
- Department of SurgeryCenter for Nanotechnology in Drug DeliveryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Michael J. Avram
- Department of AnesthesiologyNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA
| | - Nick D. Tsihlis
- Department of SurgeryCenter for Nanotechnology in Drug DeliveryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Simpson Querrey InstituteNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA
- Department of ChemistryDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringDepartment of Medicine, and Department of Biomedical EngineeringNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA
| | - Melina R. Kibbe
- Department of SurgeryCenter for Nanotechnology in Drug DeliveryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
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Alexander J, LaPlant QC, Pattwell SS, Szulzewsky F, Cimino PJ, Caruso FP, Pugliese P, Chen Z, Chardon F, Hill AJ, Spurrell C, Ahrendsen D, Pietras A, Starita LM, Hambardzumyan D, Iavarone A, Shendure J, Holland EC. Multimodal single-cell analysis reveals distinct radioresistant stem-like and progenitor cell populations in murine glioma. Glia 2020; 68:2486-2502. [PMID: 32621641 PMCID: PMC7586969 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is part of the standard of care for gliomas and kills a subset of tumor cells, while also altering the tumor microenvironment. Tumor cells with stem-like properties preferentially survive radiation and give rise to glioma recurrence. Various techniques for enriching and quantifying cells with stem-like properties have been used, including the fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS)-based side population (SP) assay, which is a functional assay that enriches for stem-like tumor cells. In these analyses, mouse models of glioma have been used to understand the biology of this disease and therapeutic responses, including the radiation response. We present combined SP analysis and single-cell RNA sequencing of genetically-engineered mouse models of glioma to show a time course of cellular response to radiation. We identify and characterize two distinct tumor cell populations that are inherently radioresistant and also distinct effects of radiation on immune cell populations within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jes Alexander
- Department of Genome SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Quincey C. LaPlant
- Department of Radiation OncologyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Siobhan S. Pattwell
- Human Biology DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Frank Szulzewsky
- Human Biology DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Patrick J. Cimino
- Human Biology DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Francesca P. Caruso
- Dipartimento di Scienze e TecnologieUniversità degli Studi del SannioBeneventoItaly
- Bioinformatics Lab, BIOGEMAriano IrpinoItaly
| | - Pietro Pugliese
- Dipartimento di Scienze e TecnologieUniversità degli Studi del SannioBeneventoItaly
- Bioinformatics Lab, BIOGEMAriano IrpinoItaly
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Department of Oncological SciencesTisch Cancer Institute, and Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Icahn School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Florence Chardon
- Department of Genome SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Andrew J. Hill
- Department of Genome SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Cailyn Spurrell
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Dakota Ahrendsen
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | | | - Lea M. Starita
- Department of Genome SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Dolores Hambardzumyan
- Department of Oncological SciencesTisch Cancer Institute, and Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Icahn School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Antonio Iavarone
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Neurology, Department of Pathology and Cell BiologyColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Department of Genome SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Allen Discovery Center for Cell LineageSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Eric C. Holland
- Human Biology DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
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Crawford KC, Dreger DL, Shelton GD, Ekenstedt KJ, Lewis MJ. Juvenile-onset motor polyneuropathy in Siberian cats. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:2595-2604. [PMID: 33174656 PMCID: PMC7694826 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyneuropathies are infrequently described in cats. There is a genetic predisposition in several breeds. OBJECTIVE To clinically characterize a novel motor polyneuropathy in a family of Siberian cats. ANIMALS Thirteen closely related Siberian cats, 4 clinically affected and 9 clinically unaffected individuals. METHODS Retrospective study. Clinical data and pedigree information were obtained from the medical records and breeder. Electrodiagnostic testing and muscle and peripheral nerve biopsy samples were obtained from 1 affected cat. Follow-up information was obtained for all affected cats. RESULTS Onset of signs was 4 to 10 months in affected cats. Clinical signs were progressive or waxing/waning neuromuscular weakness (4/4), normal sensory function (4/4), and variably decreased withdrawal reflexes (3/4). All cats returned to normal neurologic function within 1 to 4 weeks. All cats had a recurrence of weakness (3/4 had 1 recurrent episode, 1/4 had 3 relapses) from which they recovered fully. In 1 cat, electromyography and motor nerve conduction studies showed multicentric spontaneous activity, normal motor nerve conduction velocity, reduced compound muscle action potential amplitude, and polyphasia. Histologic evaluation of muscle and nerve in that cat showed mild muscle atrophy consistent with recent denervation, endoneurial and perineurial edema, and mild mononuclear cell infiltration within intramuscular nerve branches and a peripheral nerve. Pedigree analysis suggests an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, although neither a genetically complex/polygenic condition nor an acquired inflammatory polyneuropathy can be ruled-out. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE We describe a motor polyneuropathy in juvenile Siberian cats characterized by self-limiting weakness with potential relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C. Crawford
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
- Present address:
VCA Alameda EastDenverColoradoUSA
| | - Dayna L. Dreger
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
- Present address:
National Human Genome Research Institute, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - G. Diane Shelton
- Department of PathologySchool of Medicine, University of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kari J. Ekenstedt
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Melissa J. Lewis
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
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Abstract
The distribution of health care payments to insurance plans has substantial consequences for social policy. Risk adjustment formulas predict spending in health insurance markets in order to provide fair benefits and health care coverage for all enrollees, regardless of their health status. Unfortunately, current risk adjustment formulas are known to underpredict spending for specific groups of enrollees leading to undercompensated payments to health insurers. This incentivizes insurers to design their plans such that individuals in undercompensated groups will be less likely to enroll, impacting access to health care for these groups. To improve risk adjustment formulas for undercompensated groups, we expand on concepts from the statistics, computer science, and health economics literature to develop new fair regression methods for continuous outcomes by building fairness considerations directly into the objective function. We additionally propose a novel measure of fairness while asserting that a suite of metrics is necessary in order to evaluate risk adjustment formulas more fully. Our data application using the IBM MarketScan Research Databases and simulation studies demonstrates that these new fair regression methods may lead to massive improvements in group fairness (eg, 98%) with only small reductions in overall fit (eg, 4%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zink
- PhD Program in Health PolicyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusetts
| | - Sherri Rose
- Department of Health Care PolicyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusetts
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Vetter CJ, Thorn DC, Wheeler SG, Mundorff CC, Halverson KA, Wales TE, Shinde UP, Engen JR, David LL, Carver JA, Lampi KJ. Cumulative deamidations of the major lens protein γS-crystallin increase its aggregation during unfolding and oxidation. Protein Sci 2020; 29:1945-1963. [PMID: 32697405 PMCID: PMC7454558 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Age-related lens cataract is the major cause of blindness worldwide. The mechanisms whereby crystallins, the predominant lens proteins, assemble into large aggregates that scatter light within the lens, and cause cataract, are poorly understood. Due to the lack of protein turnover in the lens, crystallins are long-lived. A major crystallin, γS, is heavily modified by deamidation, in particular at surface-exposed N14, N76, and N143 to introduce negative charges. In this present study, deamidated γS was mimicked by mutation with aspartate at these sites and the effect on biophysical properties of γS was assessed via dynamic light scattering, chemical and thermal denaturation, hydrogen-deuterium exchange, and susceptibility to disulfide cross-linking. Compared with wild type γS, a small population of each deamidated mutant aggregated rapidly into large, light-scattering species that contributed significantly to the total scattering. Under partially denaturing conditions in guanidine hydrochloride or elevated temperature, deamidation led to more rapid unfolding and aggregation and increased susceptibility to oxidation. The triple mutant was further destabilized, suggesting that the effects of deamidation were cumulative. Molecular dynamics simulations predicted that deamidation augments the conformational dynamics of γS. We suggest that these perturbations disrupt the native disulfide arrangement of γS and promote the formation of disulfide-linked aggregates. The lens-specific chaperone αA-crystallin was poor at preventing the aggregation of the triple mutant. It is concluded that surface deamidations cause minimal structural disruption individually, but cumulatively they progressively destabilize γS-crystallin leading to unfolding and aggregation, as occurs in aged and cataractous lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin J. Vetter
- Integrative BiosciencesOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - David C. Thorn
- Research School of Chemistry, College of ScienceThe Australian National UniversityActonAustralia
| | - Samuel G. Wheeler
- Integrative BiosciencesOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Charlie C. Mundorff
- Chemical Physiology & BiochemistryOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical BiologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kate A. Halverson
- Chemical Physiology & BiochemistryOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Thomas E. Wales
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical BiologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ujwal P. Shinde
- Chemical Physiology & BiochemistryOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - John R. Engen
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical BiologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Larry L. David
- Chemical Physiology & BiochemistryOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - John A. Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, College of ScienceThe Australian National UniversityActonAustralia
| | - Kirsten J. Lampi
- Integrative BiosciencesOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
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Cecil RF, Chen PR, Benne JA, Hord TK, Spate LD, Samuel MS, Prather RS. Chemical simulation of hypoxia in donor cells improves development of somatic cell nuclear transfer-derived embryos and increases abundance of transcripts related to glycolysis. Mol Reprod Dev 2020; 87:763-772. [PMID: 32558023 PMCID: PMC7496615 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To improve efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), it is necessary to modify differentiated donor cells to become more amendable for reprogramming by the oocyte cytoplasm. A key feature that distinguishes somatic/differentiated cells from embryonic/undifferentiated cells is cellular metabolism, with somatic cells using oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) while embryonic cells utilize glycolysis. Inducing metabolic reprogramming in donor cells could improve SCNT efficiency by priming cells to become more embryonic in nature before SCNT hypoxia inducible factor 1-α (HIF1-α), a transcription factor that allows for cell survival in low oxygen, promotes a metabolic switch from OXPHOS to glycolysis. We hypothesized that chemically stabilizing HIF1-α in donor cells by use of the hypoxia mimetic, cobalt chloride (CoCl2 ), would promote this metabolic switch in donor cells and subsequently improve the development of SCNT embryos. Donor cell treatment with 100 µM CoCl2 for 24 hr preceding SCNT upregulated messenfer RNA abundance of glycolytic enzymes, improved SCNT development to the blastocyst stage and quality, and affected gene expression in the blastocysts. After transferring blastocysts created from CoCl2 -treated donor cells to surrogates, healthy cloned piglets were produced. Therefore, shifting metabolism toward glycolysis in donor cells by CoCl2 treatment is a simple, economical way of improving the in vitro efficiency of SCNT and is capable of producing live animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raissa F. Cecil
- Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouri
| | - Paula R. Chen
- Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouri
| | - Joshua A. Benne
- Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouri
| | - Taylor K. Hord
- Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouri
| | - Lee D. Spate
- Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouri
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Dewan N, Shukla V, Rehni AK, Koronowski KB, Klingbeil KD, Stradecki‐Cohan H, Garrett TJ, Rundek T, Perez‐Pinzon MA, Dave KR. Exposure to recurrent hypoglycemia alters hippocampal metabolism in treated streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:126-135. [PMID: 31282100 PMCID: PMC6930817 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Exposure to recurrent hypoglycemia (RH) is common in diabetic patients receiving glucose-lowering therapies and is implicated in causing cognitive impairments. Despite the significant effect of RH on hippocampal function, the underlying mechanisms are currently unknown. Our goal was to determine the effect of RH exposure on hippocampal metabolism in treated streptozotocin-diabetic rats. METHODS Hyperglycemia was corrected by insulin pellet implantation. Insulin-treated diabetic (ITD) rats were exposed to mild/moderate RH once a day for 5 consecutive days. RESULTS The effect of RH on hippocampal metabolism revealed 65 significantly altered metabolites in the RH group compared with controls. Several significant differences in metabolite levels belonging to major pathways (eg, Krebs cycle, gluconeogenesis, and amino acid metabolism) were discovered in RH-exposed ITD rats when compared to a control group. Key glycolytic enzymes including hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase were affected by RH exposure. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that the exposure to RH leads to metabolomics alterations in the hippocampus of insulin-treated streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Understanding how RH affects hippocampal metabolism may help attenuate the adverse effects of RH on hippocampal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelesh Dewan
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research LaboratoriesUniversity of Miami School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Miami School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Vibha Shukla
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research LaboratoriesUniversity of Miami School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Miami School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Ashish K. Rehni
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research LaboratoriesUniversity of Miami School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Miami School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Kevin B. Koronowski
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research LaboratoriesUniversity of Miami School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Miami School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Neuroscience ProgramUniversity of Miami School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Kyle D. Klingbeil
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research LaboratoriesUniversity of Miami School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Miami School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Holly Stradecki‐Cohan
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research LaboratoriesUniversity of Miami School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Miami School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Neuroscience ProgramUniversity of Miami School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Timothy J. Garrett
- Southeast Center for Integrated Metabolomics, Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Miami School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain InstituteUniversity of Miami School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Miguel A. Perez‐Pinzon
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research LaboratoriesUniversity of Miami School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Miami School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Neuroscience ProgramUniversity of Miami School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain InstituteUniversity of Miami School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Kunjan R. Dave
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research LaboratoriesUniversity of Miami School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Miami School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Neuroscience ProgramUniversity of Miami School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain InstituteUniversity of Miami School of MedicineMiamiFloridaUSA
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Brown CJ, Mtui D, Oswald BP, Van Leuven JT, Vallender EJ, Schultz‐Darken N, Ross CN, Tardif SD, Austad SN, Forney LJ. Comparative genomics of Bifidobacterium species isolated from marmosets and humans. Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e983. [PMID: 31062394 PMCID: PMC6900142 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The genus Bifidobacterium is purported to have beneficial consequences for human health and is a major component of many gastrointestinal probiotics. Although species of Bifidobacterium are generally at low relative frequency in the adult human gastrointestinal tract, they can constitute high proportions of the gastrointestinal communities of adult marmosets. To identify genes that might be important for the maintenance of Bifidobacterium in adult marmosets, ten strains of Bifidobacterium were isolated from the feces of seven adult marmosets, and their genomes were sequenced. There were six B. reuteri strains, two B. callitrichos strains, one B. myosotis sp. nov. and one B. tissieri sp. nov. among our isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that three of the four species we isolated were most closely related to B. bifidum, B. breve and B. longum, which are species found in high abundance in human infants. There were 1357 genes that were shared by at least one strain of B. reuteri, B. callitrichos, B. breve, and B. longum, and 987 genes that were found in all strains of the four species. There were 106 genes found in B. reuteri and B. callitrichos but not in human bifidobacteria, and several of these genes were involved in nutrient uptake. These pathways for nutrient uptake appeared to be specific to Bifidobacterium from New World monkeys. Additionally, the distribution of Bifidobacterium in fecal samples from captive adult marmosets constituted as much as 80% of the gut microbiome, although this was variable between individuals and colonies. We suggest that nutrient transporters may be important for the maintenance of Bifidobacterium during adulthood in marmosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste J. Brown
- Department of Biological ScienceUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdaho
- Center for Modeling Complex InteractionsUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdaho
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary StudiesUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdaho
| | - Dorah Mtui
- Department of Biological ScienceUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdaho
| | - Benjamin P. Oswald
- Department of Biological ScienceUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdaho
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary StudiesUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdaho
| | | | - Eric J. Vallender
- New England Primate Research CenterHarvard Medical SchoolSouthboroughMassachusetts
| | - Nancy Schultz‐Darken
- Wisconsin National Primate Research CenterUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsin
| | - Corinna N. Ross
- Southwest National Primate Research CenterTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTexas
- Department of Science and MathematicsTexas A&M UniversitySan AntonioTexas
| | - Suzette D. Tardif
- Southwest National Primate Research CenterTexas Biomedical Research InstituteSan AntonioTexas
| | - Steven N. Austad
- Department of Cellular and Structural BiologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
| | - Larry J. Forney
- Department of Biological ScienceUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdaho
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary StudiesUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdaho
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