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Iwase SC, Edlefsen PT, Bhebhe L, Motsumi K, Moyo S, Happel AU, Shao D, Mmasa N, Schenkel S, Gasper MA, Dubois M, Files MA, Seshadri C, Duffy F, Aitchison J, Netea MG, Jao J, Cameron DW, Gray CM, Jaspan HB, Powis KM. T-SPOT.TB Reactivity in Southern African Children With and Without in Utero Human Immunodeficiency Virus Exposure. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:1133-1136. [PMID: 37293702 PMCID: PMC10573724 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Infants who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed uninfected (iHEU) experience higher risk of infectious morbidity than infants HIV-unexposed uninfected (iHUU). We compared tuberculosis (TB) infection prevalence in 418 Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccinated sub-Saharan African iHEU and iHUU aged 9-18 months using T-SPOT.TB. Prevalence of TB infection was low and did not differ by HIV exposure status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori C Iwase
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paul T Edlefsen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lynnette Bhebhe
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Kesego Motsumi
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Sikhulile Moyo
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna-Ursula Happel
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Danica Shao
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nicholas Mmasa
- Surgical Department, County Durham and Darlington NHS Trust, Darlington Memorial Hospital, Darlington, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Schenkel
- Division of Pediatric Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melanie A Gasper
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Melanie Dubois
- Division of Pediatric Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Megan A Files
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Fergal Duffy
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John Aitchison
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jennifer Jao
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Donald W Cameron
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Respirology, University of Ottawa at the Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Clive M Gray
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Biomedical Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Heather B Jaspan
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kathleen M Powis
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Hatashita Y, Wu Z, Fujita H, Kumamoto T, Livet J, Li Y, Tanifuji M, Inoue T. Spontaneous and multifaceted ATP release from astrocytes at the scale of hundreds of synapses. Glia 2023. [PMID: 37259810 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes participate in information processing by releasing neuroactive substances termed gliotransmitters, including ATP. Individual astrocytes come into contact with thousands of synapses with their ramified structure, but the spatiotemporal dynamics of ATP gliotransmission remains unclear, especially in physiological brain tissue. Using a genetically encoded fluorescent sensor, GRABATP1.0 , we discovered that extracellular ATP increased locally and transiently in absence of stimuli in neuron-glia co-cultures, cortical slices, and the anesthetized mouse brain. Spontaneous ATP release events were tetrodotoxin-insensitive but suppressed by gliotoxin, fluorocitrate, and typically spread over 50-250 μm2 area at concentrations capable of activating purinergic receptors. Besides, most ATP events did not coincide with Ca2+ transients, and intracellular Ca2+ buffering with BAPTA-AM did not affect ATP event frequency. Clustering analysis revealed that these events followed multiple distinct kinetics, and blockade of exocytosis only decreased a minor group of slow events. Overall, astrocytes spontaneously release ATP through multiple mechanisms, mainly in non-vesicular and Ca2+ -independent manners, thus potentially regulating hundreds of synapses all together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Hatashita
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhaofa Wu
- School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hirotaka Fujita
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Kumamoto
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Jean Livet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Yulong Li
- School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Manabu Tanifuji
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Inoue
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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Kanaida M, Kimishima A, Eguchi S, Iwatsuki M, Watanabe Y, Honsho M, Hirose T, Noguchi Y, Nonaka K, Sennari G, Matsui H, Kaito C, Hanaki H, Asami Y, Sunazuka T. Total Syntheses and Chemical Biology Studies of Hymeglusin and Fusarilactone A, Novel Circumventors of β-Lactam Drug Resistance in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2106-2111. [PMID: 33783142 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hymeglusin, a previously known eukaryotic hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) synthase inhibitor, was identified as circumventing the β-lactam drug resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We describe the concise total syntheses of a series of natural products, which enabled determination of the absolute configuration of fusarilactone A and provided structure-activity relationship information. Based on previous reports, we speculated that the target protein of this circumventing effect may be MRSA bacterial HMG-CoA synthase (mvaS). We found that this enzyme was dose-dependently inhibited by hymeglusin. Furthermore, overexpression of the MRSA mvaS gene and site-directed mutagenesis studies suggested its binding site and the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kanaida
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Aoi Kimishima
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Shuhei Eguchi
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masato Iwatsuki
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Watanabe
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masako Honsho
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Hirose
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Noguchi
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nonaka
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Goh Sennari
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hidehito Matsui
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Chikara Kaito
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hanaki
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Asami
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Sunazuka
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
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