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M R H Mostafa A, Petrai O, Poot AA, Prakash J. Polymeric nanofiber leveraged co-delivery of anti-stromal PAK1 inhibitor and paclitaxel enhances therapeutic effects in stroma-rich 3D spheroid models. Int J Pharm 2024; 656:124078. [PMID: 38569978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The role of tumor stroma in solid tumors has been widely recognized in cancer progression, metastasis and chemoresistance. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a crucial role in matrix remodeling and promoting cancer cell stemness and resistance via reciprocal crosstalk. Residual tumor tissue after surgical removal as well as unresectable tumors face therapeutic challenges to achieve curable outcome. In this study, we propose to develop a dual delivery approach by combining p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) inhibitor (FRAX597) to inhibit tumor stroma and chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel (PTX) to kill cancer cells using electrospun nanofibers. First, the role of the PAK1 pathway was established in CAF differentiation, migration and contraction using relevant in vitro models. Second, polycaprolactone polymer-based nanofibers were fabricated using a uniaxial electrospinning technique to incorporate FRAX597 and/or PTX, which showed a uniform texture and a prolonged release of both drugs for 16 days. To test nanofibers, stroma-rich 3D heterospheroid models were set up which showed high resistance to PTX nanofibers compared to stroma-free homospheroids. Interestingly, nanofibers containing PTX and FRAX597 showed strong anti-tumor effects on heterospheroids by reducing the growth and viability by > 90 % compared to either of single drug-loaded nanofibers. These effects were reflected by reduced intra-spheroidal expression levels of collagen 1 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Overall, this study provides a new therapeutic strategy to inhibit the tumor stroma using PAK1 inhibitor and thereby enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy using nanofibers as a local delivery system for unresectable or residual tumor. Use of 3D models to evaluate nanofibers highlights these models as advanced in vitro tools to study the effect of controlled release local drug delivery systems before animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M R H Mostafa
- Engineered Therapeutics, Department of Advanced Organ Bioengineering and Therapeutics, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Ornela Petrai
- Engineered Therapeutics, Department of Advanced Organ Bioengineering and Therapeutics, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - André A Poot
- Engineered Therapeutics, Department of Advanced Organ Bioengineering and Therapeutics, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jai Prakash
- Engineered Therapeutics, Department of Advanced Organ Bioengineering and Therapeutics, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
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Saraswat A, Patel K. Development and in-depth characterization of BRAFi-resistant melanoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Exp Cell Res 2024; 438:114033. [PMID: 38593916 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Regardless of the clinical response and improved patient survival observed following treatment with BRAFi like Vemurafenib (Vem), rapid development of resistance still remains as a major obstacle in melanoma therapy. In this context, we developed and characterized two acquired Vem-resistant melanoma cell lines, A375V and SK-MEL-28V, and an intrinsically Vem-resistant cell line, RPMI-7951. Altered morphology and growth rate of the resistant cell lines displayed spindle-shaped cells with filopodia formation and enhanced proliferation rate as compared to parental cells. Further in vitro characterization in 2D models confirmed the emergence of a resistant phenotype in melanoma cells. To mimic the in vivo tumor microenvironment, spheroids were developed for both parental and resistant cell lines to recognize materialization of invadopodia structures demonstrating elevated invasiveness and proliferation of resistant cells-based spheroids, especially A375V. Importantly, we validated A375V cell line in vivo to prove its tumorigenicity and drug resistance in tumor xenograft model. Taken together, our established clinically relevant Vem-resistant tumor model could be beneficial to elucidate drug resistance mechanisms, screen and identify novel anticancer therapies to overcome BRAFi resistance in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Saraswat
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Ketan Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
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3
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Morisseau L, Tokito F, Lucas M, Poulain S, Kim SH, Plaisance V, Pawlowski V, Legallais C, Jellali R, Sakai Y, Abderrahmani A, Leclerc E. Transcriptomic profiling analysis of the effect of palmitic acid on 3D spheroids of β-like cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Gene 2024; 917:148441. [PMID: 38608795 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is posing a serious public health concern with a considerable impact on human life and health expenditures worldwide. The disease develops when insulin plasma level is insufficient for coping insulin resistance, caused by the decline of pancreatic β-cell function and mass. In β-cells, the lipotoxicity exerted by saturated free fatty acids in particular palmitate (PA), which is chronically elevated in T2D, plays a major role in β-cell dysfunction and mass. However, there is a lack of human relevant in vitro model to identify the underlying mechanism through which palmitate induces β-cell failure. In this frame, we have previously developed a cutting-edge 3D spheroid model of β-like cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. In the present work, we investigated the signaling pathways modified by palmitate in β-like cells derived spheroids. When compared to the 2D monolayer cultures, the transcriptome analysis (FDR set at 0.1) revealed that the 3D spheroids upregulated the pancreatic markers (such as GCG, IAPP genes), lipids metabolism and transporters (CD36, HMGSC2 genes), glucose transporter (SLC2A6). Then, the 3D spheroids are exposed to PA 0.5 mM for 72 h. The differential analysis demonstrated that 32 transcription factors and 135 target genes were mainly modulated (FDR set at 0.1) including the upregulation of lipid and carbohydrates metabolism (HMGSC2, LDHA, GLUT3), fibrin metabolism (FGG, FGB), apoptosis (CASP7). The pathway analysis using the 135 selected targets extracted the fibrin related biological process and wound healing in 3D PA treated conditions. An overall pathway gene set enrichment analysis, performed on the overall gene set (with pathway significance cutoff at 0.2), highlighted that PA perturbs the citrate cycle, FOXO signaling and Hippo signaling as observed in human islets studies. Additional RT-PCR confirmed induction of inflammatory (IGFBP1, IGFBP3) and cell growth (CCND1, Ki67) pathways by PA. All these changes were associated with unaffected glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), suggesting that they precede the defect of insulin secretion and death induced by PA. Overall, we believe that our data demonstrate the potential of our spheroid 3D islet-like cells to investigate the pancreatic-like response to diabetogenic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Morisseau
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Fumiya Tokito
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Mathilde Lucas
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Poulain
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Soo Hyeon Kim
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Valérie Plaisance
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Valérie Pawlowski
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Cécile Legallais
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Rachid Jellali
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; CNRS/IIS IRL 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Amar Abderrahmani
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Eric Leclerc
- CNRS/IIS IRL 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
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Seo JE, Le Y, Revollo J, Miranda-Colon J, Xu H, McKinzie P, Mei N, Chen T, Heflich RH, Zhou T, Robison T, Bonzo JA, Guo X. Evaluating the mutagenicity of N-nitrosodimethylamine in 2D and 3D HepaRG cell cultures using error-corrected next generation sequencing. Arch Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s00204-024-03731-4. [PMID: 38584193 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03731-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Human liver-derived metabolically competent HepaRG cells have been successfully employed in both two-dimensional (2D) and 3D spheroid formats for performing the comet assay and micronucleus (MN) assay. In the present study, we have investigated expanding the genotoxicity endpoints evaluated in HepaRG cells by detecting mutagenesis using two error-corrected next generation sequencing (ecNGS) technologies, Duplex Sequencing (DS) and High-Fidelity (HiFi) Sequencing. Both HepaRG 2D cells and 3D spheroids were exposed for 72 h to N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), followed by an additional incubation for the fixation of induced mutations. NDMA-induced DNA damage, chromosomal damage, and mutagenesis were determined using the comet assay, MN assay, and ecNGS, respectively. The 72-h treatment with NDMA resulted in concentration-dependent increases in cytotoxicity, DNA damage, MN formation, and mutation frequency in both 2D and 3D cultures, with greater responses observed in the 3D spheroids compared to 2D cells. The mutational spectrum analysis showed that NDMA induced predominantly A:T → G:C transitions, along with a lower frequency of G:C → A:T transitions, and exhibited a different trinucleotide signature relative to the negative control. These results demonstrate that the HepaRG 2D cells and 3D spheroid models can be used for mutagenesis assessment using both DS and HiFi Sequencing, with the caveat that severe cytotoxic concentrations should be avoided when conducting DS. With further validation, the HepaRG 2D/3D system may become a powerful human-based metabolically competent platform for genotoxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Seo
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Yuan Le
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Javier Revollo
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Jaime Miranda-Colon
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Hannah Xu
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Page McKinzie
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Nan Mei
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Tao Chen
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Robert H Heflich
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Tong Zhou
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, 20855, USA
| | - Timothy Robison
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Jessica A Bonzo
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
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Xu S, Ma L, Wu T, Tian Y, Wu L. Assessment of cellular senescence potential of PM2.5 using 3D human lung fibroblast spheroids in vitro model. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae037. [PMID: 38500513 PMCID: PMC10944558 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies demonstrate that particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) exposure closely related to chronic respiratory diseases. Cellular senescence plays an important role in many diseases. However, it is not fully clear whether PM2.5 exposure could induce cellular senescence in the human lung. In this study, we generated a three-dimensional (3D) spheroid model using isolated primary human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) to investigate the effects of PM2.5 on cellular senescence at the 3D level. Methods 3D spheroids were exposed to 25-100 μg/ml of PM2.5 in order to evaluate the impact on cellular senescence. SA-β-galactosidase activity, cell proliferation, and the expression of key genes and proteins were detected. Results Exposure of the HLF spheroids to PM2.5 yielded a more sensitive cytotoxicity than 2D HLF cell culture. Importantly, PM2.5 exposure induced the rapid progression of cellular senescence in 3D HLF spheroids, with a dramatically increased SA-β-Gal activity. In exploiting the mechanism underlying the effect of PM2.5 on senescence, we found a significant increase of DNA damage, upregulation of p21 protein levels, and suppression of cell proliferation in PM2.5-treated HLF spheroids. Moreover, PM2.5 exposure created a significant inflammatory response, which may be at least partially associated with the activation of TGF-β1/Smad3 axis and HMGB1 pathway. Conclusions Our results indicate that PM2.5 could induce DNA damage, inflammation, and cellular senescence in 3D HLF spheroids, which may provide a new evidence for PM2.5 toxicity based on a 3D model which has been shown to be more in vivo-like in their phenotype and physiology than 2D cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmin Xu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Jingkai District, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Jingkai District, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Yushan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biological Effects, China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, 6 Cuizhu Street, New & High-tech Industry Development District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Jingkai District, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350 Shushanhu Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
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Badawe HM, Harouz JP, Raad P, Abu K, Freije A, Ghali K, Abou-Kheir W, Khraiche ML. Experimental and Computational Analysis of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Thermal Ablation in Breast Cancer Cells: Monolayers vs. Spheroids. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1274. [PMID: 38610952 PMCID: PMC11010989 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a non-invasive therapeutic modality that uses precise acoustic energy to ablate cancerous tissues through coagulative necrosis. In this context, we investigate the efficacy of HIFU ablation in two distinct cellular configurations, namely 2D monolayers and 3D spheroids of epithelial breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB 231 and MCF7). The primary objective is to compare the response of these two in vitro models to HIFU while measuring their ablation percentages and temperature elevation levels. HIFU was systematically applied to the cell cultures, varying ultrasound intensity and duty cycle during different sonication sessions. The results indicate that the degree of ablation is highly influenced by the duty cycle, with higher duty cycles resulting in greater ablation percentages, while sonication duration has a minimal impact. Numerical simulations validate experimental observations, highlighting a significant disparity in the response of 2D monolayers and 3D spheroids to HIFU treatment. Specifically, tumor spheroids require lower temperature elevations for effective ablation, and their ablation percentage significantly increases with elevated duty cycles. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of acoustic energy conversion within the biological system during HIFU treatment for 2D versus 3D ablation targets, holding potential implications for refining and personalizing breast cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M. Badawe
- Neural Engineering and Nanobiosensors Group, Biomedical Engineering Program, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (H.M.B.); (K.A.); (A.F.)
| | - Jean Paul Harouz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (J.P.H.); (K.G.)
| | - Petra Raad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (J.P.H.); (K.G.)
| | - Kareem Abu
- Neural Engineering and Nanobiosensors Group, Biomedical Engineering Program, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (H.M.B.); (K.A.); (A.F.)
| | - Anthony Freije
- Neural Engineering and Nanobiosensors Group, Biomedical Engineering Program, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (H.M.B.); (K.A.); (A.F.)
| | - Kamel Ghali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (J.P.H.); (K.G.)
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Massoud L. Khraiche
- Neural Engineering and Nanobiosensors Group, Biomedical Engineering Program, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (H.M.B.); (K.A.); (A.F.)
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Jubelin C, Muñoz-Garcia J, Ollivier E, Cochonneau D, Vallette F, Heymann MF, Oliver L, Heymann D. Identification of MCM4 and PRKDC as new regulators of osteosarcoma cell dormancy based on 3D cell cultures. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2024; 1871:119660. [PMID: 38216092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Dormancy is a potential way for tumors to develop drug resistance and escape treatment. However, the mechanisms involved in cancer dormancy remain poorly understood. This is mainly because there is no in vitro culture model making it possible to spontaneously induce dormancy. In this context, the present work proposes the use of three-dimensional (3D) spheroids developed from osteosarcoma cell lines as a relevant model for studying cancer dormancy. MNNG-HOS, SaOS-2, 143B, MG-63, U2OS and SJSA-1 cell lines were cultured in 3D using the Liquid Overlay Technique (LOT). Dormancy was studied by staining cancer cells with a lipophilic dye (DiD), and long-term DiD+ cells were considered as dormant cancer cells. The role of the extracellular matrix in inducing dormancy was investigated by embedding cells into methylcellulose or Geltrex™. Gene expression of DiD+ cells was assessed with a Nanostring™ approach and the role of the genes detected in dormancy was validated by a transient down-expression model using siRNA treatment. Proliferation was measured using fluorescence microscopy and the xCELLigence technology. We observed that MNNG-HOS, 143B and MG-G3 cell lines had a reduced proliferation rate in 3D compared to 2D. U2OS cells had an increased proliferation rate when they were cultured in Geltrex™ compared to other 3D culture methods. Using 3D cultures, a transcriptomic signature of dormancy was obtained and showed a decreased expression of 18 genes including ETV4, HELLS, ITGA6, MCM4, PRKDC, RAD21 and UBE2T. The treatment with siRNA targeting these genes showed that cancer cell proliferation was reduced when the expression of ETV4 and MCM4 were decreased, whereas proliferation was increased when the expression of RAD21 was decreased. 3D culture facilitates the maintenance of dormant cancer cells characterized by a reduced proliferation and less differential gene expression as compared to proliferative cells. Further studies of the genes involved has enabled us to envisage their role in regulating cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Jubelin
- Nantes Université, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286, 44000 Nantes, France; Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Lab., 44805 Saint-Herblain, France; Atlantic Bone Screen, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Javier Muñoz-Garcia
- Nantes Université, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286, 44000 Nantes, France; Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Lab., 44805 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Emilie Ollivier
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Lab., 44805 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Denis Cochonneau
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Lab., 44805 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - François Vallette
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Lab., 44805 Saint-Herblain, France; Nantes Université, INSERM, CRCI(2)NA, UMR1307, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Marie-Françoise Heymann
- Nantes Université, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286, 44000 Nantes, France; Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Lab., 44805 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Lisa Oliver
- Nantes Université, INSERM, CRCI(2)NA, UMR1307, 44000 Nantes, France; CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Nantes Université, CNRS, US2B, UMR 6286, 44000 Nantes, France; Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Tumor Heterogeneity and Precision Medicine Lab., 44805 Saint-Herblain, France; Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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Güler G, Acikgoz E, Mukhtarova G, Oktem G. Biomolecular fingerprints of the effect of zoledronic acid on prostate cancer stem cells: Comparison of 2D and 3D cell culture models. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 753:109920. [PMID: 38307315 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Revealing the potential of candidate drugs against different cancer types without disrupting normal cells depends on the drug mode of action. In the current study, the drug response of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) to zoledronic acid (ZOL) grown in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture systems was compared using Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy which is a vibrational spectroscopic technique, supporting by biochemical assays and imaging techniques. Based on our data, in 2D cell culture conditions, the ZOL treatment of PCSCs isolated according to both C133 and CD44 cell surface properties induced early/late apoptosis and suppressed migration ability. The CD133 gene expression and protein levels were altered, depending on culture systems. CD133 expression was significantly reduced in 2D cells upon ZOL treatment. FT-IR data revealed that the integrity, fluidity, and ordering/disordering states of the cell membrane and nucleic acid content were altered in both 2D and 3D cells after ZOL treatment. Regular protein structures decrease in 2D cells while glycogen and protein contents increase in 3D cells, indicating a more pronounced cytotoxic effect of ZOL for 2D cells. Untreated 3D PCSCs exhibited an even different spectral profile associated with IR signals of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and glycogen in comparison to untreated 2D cells. Our study revealed significant differences in the drug response and cellular constituents between 2D and 3D cells. Exploring molecular targets and/or drug-action mechanisms is significant in cancer treatment approaches; thus, FT-IR spectroscopy can be successfully applied as a novel drug-screening method in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günnur Güler
- Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, 35433, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Eda Acikgoz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080, Van, Turkey.
| | - Günel Mukhtarova
- Department of Basic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35550, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gulperi Oktem
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
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Yu Y, Huang H, Ye J, Li Y, Xie R, Zeng L, Huang Y, Zeng T, Luo D, Zhong J, Peng W. 3D Spheroids Facilitate Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Hepatocyte-Like Cells via p300-Mediated H3K56 Acetylation. Stem Cells Transl Med 2024; 13:151-165. [PMID: 37936499 PMCID: PMC10872693 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) that are differentiated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide a valuable resource for drug screening and cell-based regeneration therapy. Differentiating HLCs into 3D spheroids enhances their phenotypes and functions. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying MSCs hepatogenic differentiation are not fully understood. In this study, we generated HLCs from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) in both 2D and 3D cultures. We performed an acetyl-proteomics assay on the HLCs derived from both 2D and 3D differentiation and identified a differential change in H3K56 acetylation between the 2 differentiated cells. Our findings revealed that 3D differentiation activated ALB gene transcription by increasing the acetylation level of H3K56, thereby enhancing the phenotypes and functions of HLCs and further promoting their maturation. Notably, inhibiting p300 reduced the acetylation level of H3K56 during hepatogenic differentiation, leading to decreased phenotypes and functions of HLCs, whereas activation of p300 promoted hepatogenic differentiation, suggesting that p300 plays a critical role in this process. In summary, our study demonstrates a potential mechanism through which 3D spheroids differentiation facilitates hADMSCs differentiation into HLCs by promoting p300-mediated H3K56 acetylation, which could have significant clinical applications in liver regeneration and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering in Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Precision Medicine, and Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haina Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering in Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junsong Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering in Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Subcenter for Stem Cell Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yumei Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering in Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renjian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering in Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering in Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yushan Huang
- Center for Evidence Based Medical and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tai Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering in Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering in Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijie Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering in Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Oliveira BB, Fernandes AR, Baptista PV. Assessing the gene silencing potential of AuNP-based approaches on conventional 2D cell culture versus 3D tumor spheroid. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1320729. [PMID: 38410164 PMCID: PMC10894999 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1320729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture using tumor spheroids provides a crucial platform for replicating tissue microenvironments. However, effective gene modulation via nanoparticle-based transfection remains a challenge, often facing delivery hurdles. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with their tailored synthesis and biocompatibility, have shown promising results in two-dimensional (2D) cultures, nevertheless, they still require a comprehensive evaluation before they can reach its full potential on 3D models. While 2D cultures offer simplicity and affordability, they lack physiological fidelity. In contrast, 3D spheroids better capture in vivo conditions, enabling the study of cell interactions and nutrient distribution. These models are essential for investigating cancer behavior, drug responses, and developmental processes. Nevertheless, transitioning from 2D to 3D models demands an understanding of altered internalization mechanisms and microenvironmental influences. This study assessed ASO-AuNP conjugates for silencing the c-MYC oncogene in 2D cultures and 3D tumor spheroids, revealing distinctions in gene silencing efficiency and highlighting the microenvironment's impact on AuNP-mediated gene modulation. Herein, we demonstrate that increasing the number of AuNPs per cell by 2.6 times, when transitioning from a 2D cell model to a 3D spheroid, allows to attain similar silencing efficiencies. Such insights advance the development of targeted gene therapies within intricate tissue-like contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz B. Oliveira
- UCIBIO, Department Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- i4HB, Associate Laboratory—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R. Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Department Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- i4HB, Associate Laboratory—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro Viana Baptista
- UCIBIO, Department Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- i4HB, Associate Laboratory—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
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11
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Louise Kelly C, Wydrzynska M, Phelan MM, Osharovich S, Delikatny EJ, Sée V, Poptani H. Inhibition of glioblastoma cell proliferation and invasion by the choline-kinase inhibitor JAS239 varies with cell type and hypoxia. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.17.576078. [PMID: 38293093 PMCID: PMC10827177 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.17.576078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Background Elevated choline kinase alpha (ChoK) is observed in most solid tumours including glioblastomas (GBM), yet until recently, inhibitors of ChoK have demonstrated limited efficacy in GBM models. Given that hypoxia is associated with GBM therapy resistance, we hypothesised that tumour hypoxia could be responsible for such limitations. We therefore evaluated in GBM cells, the effect of hypoxia on the function of JAS239, a potent ChoK inhibitor. Methods Rodent (F98 and 9L) and human (U-87 MG and U-251 MG) GBM cell lines were subjected to 72 hours of hypoxia conditioning and treated with JAS239 for 24 hours. NMR metabolomic measurements and analyses were performed to evaluate the signalling pathways involved. In addition, cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and cell invasion were measured in cell monolayers and 3D spheroids, with or without JAS239 treatment in normoxic or hypoxic cells to assess how hypoxia affects JAS239 function. Results Hypoxia and JAS239 treatment led to significant changes in the cellular metabolic pathways, specifically the phospholipid and glycolytic pathways associated with a reduction in cell proliferation via induced cell cycle arrest. Interestingly, JAS239 also impaired GBM invasion. However, JAS239 effects were variable depending on the cell line, reflecting the inherent heterogeneity observed in GBMs. Conclusion Our findings indicate that JAS239 and hypoxia can deregulate cellular metabolism, inhibit proliferation and alter cell invasion. These results may be useful for the design of new therapeutic strategies based on ChoK inhibition that can act on multiple pro-tumorigenic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Louise Kelly
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Centre for Cell Imaging, Department of Biochemistry & Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Martyna Wydrzynska
- Centre for Cell Imaging, Department of Biochemistry & Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marie M Phelan
- High field NMR facility, Department of Biochemistry & Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Sofya Osharovich
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Edward J. Delikatny
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Violaine Sée
- Centre for Cell Imaging, Department of Biochemistry & Systems Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Harish Poptani
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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12
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Fontana F, Sommariva M, Anselmi M, Bianchi F, Limonta P, Gagliano N. Differentiation States of Phenotypic Transition of Melanoma Cells Are Revealed by 3D Cell Cultures. Cells 2024; 13:181. [PMID: 38247872 PMCID: PMC10814891 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is characterized by high metastatic potential favored by the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), leading melanoma cells to exhibit a spectrum of typical EMT markers. This study aimed to analyze the expression of EMT markers in A375 and BLM melanoma cell lines cultured in 2D monolayers and 3D spheroids using morphological and molecular methods. The expression of EMT markers was strongly affected by 3D arrangement and revealed a hybrid phenotype for the two cell lines. Indeed, although E-cadherin was almost undetectable in both A375 and BLM cells, cortical actin was detected in A375 2D monolayers and 3D spheroids and was strongly expressed in BLM 3D spheroids. The mesenchymal marker N-cadherin was significantly up-regulated in A375 3D spheroids while undetectable in BLM cells, but vimentin was similarly expressed in both cell lines at the gene and protein levels. This pattern suggests that A375 cells exhibit a more undifferentiated/mesenchymal phenotype, while BLM cells have more melanocytic/differentiated characteristics. Accordingly, the Zeb1 and 2, Slug, Snail and Twist gene expression analyses showed that they were differentially expressed in 2D monolayers compared to 3D spheroids, supporting this view. Furthermore, A375 cells are characterized by a greater invasive potential, strongly influenced by 3D arrangement, compared to the BLM cell line, as evaluated by SDS-zymography and TIMPs gene expression analysis. Finally, TGF-β1, a master controller of EMT, and lysyl oxidase (LOX), involved in melanoma progression, were strongly up-regulated by 3D arrangement in the metastatic BLM cells alone, likely playing a role in the metastatic phases of melanoma progression. Overall, these findings suggest that A375 and BLM cells possess a hybrid/intermediate phenotype in relation to the expression of EMT markers. The former is characterized by a more mesenchymal/undifferentiated phenotype, while the latter shows a more melanocytic/differentiated phenotype. Our results contribute to the characterization of the role of EMT in melanoma cells and confirm that a 3D cell culture model could provide deeper insight into our understanding of the biology of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Fontana
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.F.); (M.A.); (P.L.)
| | - Michele Sommariva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.S.); (F.B.)
| | - Martina Anselmi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.F.); (M.A.); (P.L.)
| | - Francesca Bianchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.S.); (F.B.)
- U. O. Laboratorio Morfologia Umana Applicata, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.F.); (M.A.); (P.L.)
| | - Nicoletta Gagliano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.S.); (F.B.)
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Negi R, Srivastava A, Srivastava AK, Vatsa P, Ansari UA, Khan B, Singh H, Pandeya A, Pant AB. Proteomic-miRNA Biomics Profile Reveals 2D Cultures of Human iPSC-Derived Neural Progenitor Cells More Sensitive than 3D Spheroid System Against the Experimental Exposure to Arsenic. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03924-z. [PMID: 38228842 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The iPSC-derived 3D models are considered to be a connective link between 2D culture and in vivo studies. However, the sensitivity of such 3D models is yet to be established. We assessed the sensitivity of the hiPSC-derived 3D spheroids against 2D cultures of neural progenitor cells. The sub-toxic dose of Sodium Arsenite (SA) was used to investigate the alterations in miRNA-proteins in both systems. Though SA exposure induced significant alterations in the proteins in both 2D and 3D systems, these proteins were uncommon except for 20 proteins. The number and magnitude of altered proteins were higher in the 2D system compared to 3D. The association of dysregulated miRNAs with the target proteins showed their involvement primarily in mitochondrial bioenergetics, oxidative and ER stress, transcription and translation mechanism, cytostructure, etc., in both culture systems. Further, the impact of dysregulated miRNAs and associated proteins on these functions and ultrastructural changes was compared in both culture systems. The ultrastructural studies revealed a similar pattern of mitochondrial damage, while the cellular bioenergetics studies confirm a significantly higher energy failure in the 2D system than to 3D. Such a higher magnitude of changes could be correlated with a higher amount of internalization of SA in 2D cultures than in 3D spheroids. Our findings demonstrate that a 2D culture system seems better responsive than a 3D spheroid system against SA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Negi
- Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - A Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India
| | - A K Srivastava
- Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P Vatsa
- Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - U A Ansari
- Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - B Khan
- Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - H Singh
- Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Pandeya
- Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A B Pant
- Systems Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P.O. Box No. 80, Lucknow, 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
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14
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Wang Y, Shen K, Sun Y, Cao P, Zhang J, Zhang W, Liu Y, Zhang H, Chen Y, Li S, Xu C, Han C, Qiao Y, Zhang Q, Wang B, Luo L, Yang Y, Guan H. Extracellular vesicles from 3D cultured dermal papilla cells improve wound healing via Krüppel-like factor 4/vascular endothelial growth factor A -driven angiogenesis. Burns Trauma 2023; 11:tkad034. [PMID: 37908562 PMCID: PMC10615254 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Non-healing wounds are an intractable problem of major clinical relevance. Evidence has shown that dermal papilla cells (DPCs) may regulate the wound-healing process by secreting extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, low isolation efficiency and restricted cell viability hinder the applications of DPC-EVs in wound healing. In this study, we aimed to develop novel 3D-DPC spheroids (tdDPCs) based on self-feeder 3D culture and to evaluate the roles of tdDPC-EVs in stimulating angiogenesis and skin wound healing. Methods To address the current limitations of DPC-EVs, we previously developed a self-feeder 3D culture method to construct tdDPCs. DPCs and tdDPCs were identified using immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Subsequently, we extracted EVs from the cells and compared the effects of DPC-EVs and tdDPC-EVs on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro using immunofluorescence staining, a scratch-wound assay and a Transwell assay. We simultaneously established a murine model of full-thickness skin injury and evaluated the effects of DPC-EVs and tdDPC-EVs on wound-healing efficiency in vivo using laser Doppler, as well as hematoxylin and eosin, Masson, CD31 and α-SMA staining. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we conducted RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of tdDPC-EV- and phosphate-buffered saline-treated HUVECs. To validate the RNA-seq data, we constructed knockdown and overexpression vectors of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4). Western blotting, a scratch-wound assay, a Transwell assay and a tubule-formation test were performed to detect the protein expression, cell migration and lumen-formation ability of KLF4 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in HUVECs incubated with tdDPC-EVs after KLF4 knockdown or overexpression. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were conducted to verify the activation effect of KLF4 on VEGFA. Results We successfully cultured tdDPCs and extracted EVs from DPCs and tdDPCs. The tdDPC-EVs significantly promoted the proliferation, lumen formation and migration of HUVECs. Unlike DPC-EVs, tdDPC-EVs exhibited significant advantages in terms of promoting angiogenesis, accelerating wound healing and enhancing wound-healing efficiency both in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis and further functional experiments verified that the tdDPC-EV-regulated KLF4/VEGFA axis is pivotal in accelerating wound healing. Conclusions 3D cultivation can be utilized as an innovative optimization strategy to effectively develop DPC-derived EVs for the treatment of skin wounds. tdDPC-EVs significantly enhance wound healing via KLF4/VEGFA-driven angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwei Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Kuo Shen
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yulin Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 804 South Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wanfu Zhang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shaohui Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chaolei Xu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yating Qiao
- Department of hair diagnosis and treatment, Peking University Shougang Hospital, 9 Jinyuanzhuang Road, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Qingyi Zhang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yunshu Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hao Guan
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
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15
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Nayak P, Bentivoglio V, Varani M, Signore A. Three-Dimensional In Vitro Tumor Spheroid Models for Evaluation of Anticancer Therapy: Recent Updates. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4846. [PMID: 37835541 PMCID: PMC10571930 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced tissue engineering processes and regenerative medicine provide modern strategies for fabricating 3D spheroids. Several different 3D cancer models are being developed to study a variety of cancers. Three-dimensional spheroids can correctly replicate some features of solid tumors (such as the secretion of soluble mediators, drug resistance mechanisms, gene expression patterns and physiological responses) better than 2D cell cultures or animal models. Tumor spheroids are also helpful for precisely reproducing the three-dimensional organization and microenvironmental factors of tumors. Because of these unique properties, the potential of 3D cell aggregates has been emphasized, and they have been utilized in in vitro models for the detection of novel anticancer drugs. This review discusses applications of 3D spheroid models in nuclear medicine for diagnosis and therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell and photodynamic therapy and also discusses the establishment of the anticancer activity of nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Nayak
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University Hospital Sant’Andrea, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189 Roma, Italy; (V.B.); (M.V.); (A.S.)
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16
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Nikolatou K, Sandilands E, Román‐Fernández A, Cumming EM, Freckmann E, Lilla S, Buetow L, McGarry L, Neilson M, Shaw R, Strachan D, Miller C, Huang DT, McNeish IA, Norman JC, Zanivan S, Bryant DM. PTEN deficiency exposes a requirement for an ARF GTPase module for integrin-dependent invasion in ovarian cancer. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113987. [PMID: 37577760 PMCID: PMC10505920 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023113987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway is a common occurrence in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), with the loss of the tumour suppressor PTEN in HGSOC being associated with poor prognosis. The cellular mechanisms of how PTEN loss contributes to HGSOC are largely unknown. We here utilise time-lapse imaging of HGSOC spheroids coupled to a machine learning approach to classify the phenotype of PTEN loss. PTEN deficiency induces PI(3,4,5)P3 -rich and -dependent membrane protrusions into the extracellular matrix (ECM), resulting in a collective invasion phenotype. We identify the small GTPase ARF6 as a crucial vulnerability of HGSOC cells upon PTEN loss. Through a functional proteomic CRISPR screen of ARF6 interactors, we identify the ARF GTPase-activating protein (GAP) AGAP1 and the ECM receptor β1-integrin (ITGB1) as key ARF6 interactors in HGSOC regulating PTEN loss-associated invasion. ARF6 functions to promote invasion by controlling the recycling of internalised, active β1-integrin to maintain invasive activity into the ECM. The expression of the CYTH2-ARF6-AGAP1 complex in HGSOC patients is inversely associated with outcome, allowing the identification of patient groups with improved versus poor outcome. ARF6 may represent a therapeutic vulnerability in PTEN-depleted HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Nikolatou
- School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- The CRUK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
| | - Emma Sandilands
- School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- The CRUK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
| | - Alvaro Román‐Fernández
- School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- The CRUK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
| | - Erin M Cumming
- School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- The CRUK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
| | - Eva Freckmann
- School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- The CRUK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Danny T Huang
- School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- The CRUK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
| | - Iain A McNeish
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research CentreImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - James C Norman
- School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- The CRUK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
| | - Sara Zanivan
- School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- The CRUK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
| | - David M Bryant
- School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- The CRUK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
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17
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Mullen S, Movia D. The role of extracellular vesicles in non-small-cell lung cancer, the unknowns, and how new approach methodologies can support new knowledge generation in the field. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 188:106516. [PMID: 37406971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized particles released from most human cell types that contain a variety of cargos responsible for mediating cell-to-cell and organ-to-organ communications. Current knowledge demonstrates that EVs also play critical roles in many aspects of the progression of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Their roles range from increasing proliferative signalling to inhibiting apoptosis, promoting cancer metastasis, and modulating the tumour microenvironment to support cancer development. However, due to the limited availability of patient samples, intrinsic inter-species differences between human and animal EV biology, and the complex nature of EV interactions in vivo, where multiple cell types are present and several events occur simultaneously, the use of conventional preclinical and clinical models has significantly hindered reaching conclusive results. This review discusses the biological roles that EVs are currently known to play in NSCLC and identifies specific challenges in advancing today's knowledge. It also describes the NSCLC models that have been used to define currently-known EV functions, the limitations associated with their use in this field, and how New Approach Methodologies (NAMs), such as microfluidic platforms, organoids, and spheroids, can be used to overcome these limitations, effectively supporting future exciting discoveries in the NSCLC field and the potential clinical exploitation of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sive Mullen
- Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity (ARTT), Discipline of Radiation Therapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, James's Street, Dublin, Ireland; Laboratory for Biological Characterisation of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, James's Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dania Movia
- Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity (ARTT), Discipline of Radiation Therapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, James's Street, Dublin, Ireland; Laboratory for Biological Characterisation of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, James's Street, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, James's Street, Dublin, Ireland.
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18
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Tseng YT, Lai R, Oieni F, Standke A, Smyth G, Yang C, Chen M, St John J, Ekberg J. Liraglutide modulates adhesion molecules and enhances cell properties in three-dimensional cultures of olfactory ensheathing cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115084. [PMID: 37399717 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell transplantation using olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) is a promising approach for nerve repair but there are numerous limitations with their delivery method. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems potentially offer a powerful approach for cell production and delivery options. To further optimise the use of OECs, strategies to promote cell viability and maintain cell behaviours in 3D cultures become important. We previously demonstrated an anti-diabetic drug, liraglutide, could modulate OEC migration and re-model extracellular matrix in two-dimensional (2D) cultures. In the present study, we further investigated its beneficial effects in our 3D culture system using primary OECs. OECs treated with liraglutide at 100 nM showed improved cell viability and had modulated expression of N-cadherin and β1-integrin (two important cell adhesion molecules). When formed into 3D spheroids, the pre-treated OECs generated spheroids with an increased volume and a decreased cell density compared to control spheroids. OECs that subsequently migrated out of the liraglutide pre-treated spheroids had higher capacity for migration with increased duration and length, which was attributed to a reduction in the pauses during the migration. Moreover, OECs that migrated out from liraglutide spheroids had a more bipolar morphology consistent with higher migratory capacity. In summary, liraglutide improved the viability of OECs, modulated cell adhesion molecules, and resulted in stable 3D cell constructs which conferred enhanced migratory capacity on the OECs. Overall, liraglutide may potentially improve the therapeutic use of OECs for neural repair by enhancing the generation of stable 3D constructs and increasing the migratory behaviour of OECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Tseng
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Richard Lai
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Francesca Oieni
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Andrea Standke
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Graham Smyth
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Chenying Yang
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Mo Chen
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - James St John
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - Jenny Ekberg
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
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19
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Alhussan A, Jackson N, Calisin R, Morgan J, Beckham W, Chithrani DB. Utilizing Gold Nanoparticles as Prospective Radiosensitizers in 3D Radioresistant Pancreatic Co-Culture Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12523. [PMID: 37569898 PMCID: PMC10419973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer stands among the deadliest forms of cancer, and the existing treatments fall short of providing adequate efficacy. Novel and more effective treatment approaches are urgently required to address this critical medical challenge. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer efficacy of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in combination with radiotherapy (RT). A 3D pancreatic cancer co-culture spheroid model of MIA PaCa-2 cancer cells and patient-derived cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF-98) was used. The spheroids were treated with GNPs (7.5 μg/mL) and 2 Gy of RT. The spheroids' cell viability was assessed through the CellTiter-Glo 3D assay, and an immunofluorescence assay was used to assess the DNA DSBs via the expression of the DNA damage marker 53BP1. Co-culture samples showed a 10.8% (p < 0.05) increase in proliferation and a 13.0% (p < 0.05) decrease in DNA DSB when compared to monoculture samples, However, they displayed a 175% (p < 0.001) increase in GNPs uptake when compared to monoculture spheroids. Using GNPs/RT, we were able to show a significant reduction of 6.2% (p < 0.05) in spheroid size and an increase of 14.3% (p < 0.05) in DNA DSB damage in co-culture samples. The combination of GNPs with RT demonstrated remarkable radiosensitization effects, representing a promising approach to enhance cancer treatment efficacy. These effects were particularly noteworthy in the more treatment-resistant co-culture spheroid model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alhussan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.A.); (N.J.); (R.C.); (W.B.)
| | - Nolan Jackson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.A.); (N.J.); (R.C.); (W.B.)
| | - Reinali Calisin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.A.); (N.J.); (R.C.); (W.B.)
| | - Jessica Morgan
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer-Victoria, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Wayne Beckham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.A.); (N.J.); (R.C.); (W.B.)
- Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer-Victoria, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Devika B. Chithrani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.A.); (N.J.); (R.C.); (W.B.)
- Radiation Oncology, British Columbia Cancer-Victoria, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
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20
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Pleshkan VV, Zinovyeva MV, Antonova DV, Alekseenko IV. Spheroids of FAP-Positive Cell Lines as a Model for Screening Drugs That Affect FAP Expression. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2017. [PMID: 37509656 PMCID: PMC10377737 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein has a unique expression profile that manifests mainly in wounds and tumors, which anticipates it as an encouraging and selective target for anticancer therapy. However, research of the therapeutic potential of FAP is limited both by legal restraints when working in vivo and by the difficulty of obtaining standardized primary cultures of FAP-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts due to their high heterogeneity. We found that 3D spheroids of FAP-positive cell lines could serve as robust and convenient models of FAP expression, in contrast to monolayers. By exposing such spheroids to various factors and compounds, it is possible to study changes in FAP expression, which are easily detected by confocal microscopy. FAP expression increases under the influence of the TGFβ, does not depend on pH, and decreases during hypoxia and starvation. We believe that the proposed model could be used to organize large-scale high-throughput screening of drugs that target FAP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V Pleshkan
- Gene Immunooncotherapy Group, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V Zinovyeva
- Gene Immunooncotherapy Group, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dina V Antonova
- Gene Immunooncotherapy Group, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V Alekseenko
- Gene Immunooncotherapy Group, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Oncogynecology and Mammology, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 117198 Moscow, Russia
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21
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Mendoza-Martinez NL, Cadena-Galeana AD, Villanueva-Sanchez FG, Perez-Cornejo N, Avelar-Juarez KM, Ramos-Baena JD, Cruz-Monroy EA, Vazquez-Zuniga U, Garcia-Contreras R. Efficacy of Antineoplastic Nanocarriers on 3D Oral Cancer Spheroids. In Vivo 2023; 37:1658-1665. [PMID: 37369492 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Conventional treatments as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and combined therapies are commonly used. However, these therapies have several limitations and side effects. To address these issues, innovative research is being conducted on nanocarriers (NCs) functionalized with antineoplastic agents. These NCs aim to overcome limitations and improve patients' lives. However, before they can be used clinically, these NCs are primarily assessed on a lab scale to determine their efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A primary cell culture was established from a lymphoblastic neoplasm in the maxilla. After characterization, the cells were cultured in 2D to evaluate the dose-effect of nanoparticles (NPs), such as Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Magnesium oxide (MgO), as well as those of free drugs of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin (Cis). Based on the results, a 3D spheroid culture was used for further study. Finally, the spheroids were histologically processed for immuno-morphological observation. RESULTS To evaluate spheroid cell viability, we conducted an MTT assay. Treatment of cell spheroids with ZnONPs, 5-FU, and NPs conjugated with antitumor agents such as 5-FU-ZnO and Cis-ZnO decreased cell viability by >25%, >60% and >10% and <20% at a concentration of 0.06, 0.015 and 0.015 & 0.03 mg/ml, respectively. CONCLUSION Nanoparticles conjugated with antitumor agents showed promising antineoplastic effects on both 2D and 3D cell cultures. However, the efficacy of the nanoparticles varied between the different models. This highlights the importance of selecting appropriate in vitro culture models for the evaluation of biomedical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Leticia Mendoza-Martinez
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Area, Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory (LII), National School of Higher Studies (ENES), Leon Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), León, México
| | - Aylin Divina Cadena-Galeana
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Area, Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory (LII), National School of Higher Studies (ENES), Leon Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), León, México
| | - Francisco German Villanueva-Sanchez
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Area, Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory (LII), National School of Higher Studies (ENES), Leon Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), León, México
| | - Nancy Perez-Cornejo
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Area, Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory (LII), National School of Higher Studies (ENES), Leon Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), León, México
| | - Karla Mayela Avelar-Juarez
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Area, Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory (LII), National School of Higher Studies (ENES), Leon Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), León, México
| | - Jose David Ramos-Baena
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Area, Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory (LII), National School of Higher Studies (ENES), Leon Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), León, México
| | - Eduardo Alonso Cruz-Monroy
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Area, Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory (LII), National School of Higher Studies (ENES), Leon Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), León, México
| | - Ulises Vazquez-Zuniga
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Area, Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory (LII), National School of Higher Studies (ENES), Leon Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), León, México
| | - Rene Garcia-Contreras
- Nanostructures and Biomaterials Area, Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory (LII), National School of Higher Studies (ENES), Leon Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), León, México
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22
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Akshay A, Katoch M, Abedi M, Besic M, Shekarchizadeh N, Burkhard FC, Bigger-Allen A, Adam RM, Monastyrskaya K, Gheinani AH. SpheroScan: A User-Friendly Deep Learning Tool for Spheroid Image Analysis. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.28.533479. [PMID: 37425923 PMCID: PMC10327116 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.28.533479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Background In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) spheroid models have become increasingly popular in scientific research as they provide a more physiologically relevant microenvironment that mimics in vivo conditions. The use of 3D spheroid assays has proven to be advantageous as it offers a better understanding of the cellular behavior, drug efficacy, and toxicity as compared to traditional two-dimensional cell culture methods. However, the use of 3D spheroid assays is impeded by the absence of automated and user-friendly tools for spheroid image analysis, which adversely affects the reproducibility and throughput of these assays. Results To address these issues, we have developed a fully automated, web-based tool called SpheroScan, which uses the deep learning framework called Mask Regions with Convolutional Neural Networks (R-CNN) for image detection and segmentation. To develop a deep learning model that could be applied to spheroid images from a range of experimental conditions, we trained the model using spheroid images captured using IncuCyte Live-Cell Analysis System and a conventional microscope. Performance evaluation of the trained model using validation and test datasets shows promising results. Conclusion SpheroScan allows for easy analysis of large numbers of images and provides interactive visualization features for a more in-depth understanding of the data. Our tool represents a significant advancement in the analysis of spheroid images and will facilitate the widespread adoption of 3D spheroid models in scientific research. The source code and a detailed tutorial for SpheroScan are available at https://github.com/FunctionalUrology/SpheroScan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Akshay
- Functional Urology Research Group, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mitali Katoch
- Institute of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Masoud Abedi
- Department of Medical Data Science, Leipzig University Medical Centre, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mustafa Besic
- Functional Urology Research Group, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, Inselspital University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Navid Shekarchizadeh
- Department of Medical Data Science, Leipzig University Medical Centre, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (ScaDS.AI) Dresden/Leipzig, 04105 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Fiona C. Burkhard
- Functional Urology Research Group, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, Inselspital University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alex Bigger-Allen
- Biological & Biomedical Sciences Program, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Department of Surgery MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rosalyn M. Adam
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Department of Surgery MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katia Monastyrskaya
- Functional Urology Research Group, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, Inselspital University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ali Hashemi Gheinani
- Functional Urology Research Group, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, Inselspital University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Department of Surgery MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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23
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Seo JE, Li X, Le Y, Mei N, Zhou T, Guo X. High-throughput micronucleus assay using three-dimensional HepaRG spheroids for in vitro genotoxicity testing. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1163-1175. [PMID: 36847820 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay is a component of most test batteries used in assessing potential genotoxicity. Our previous study adapted metabolically competent HepaRG cells to the high-throughput (HT) flow-cytometry-based MN assay for genotoxicity assessment (Guo et al. in J Toxicol Environ Health A 83:702-717, 2020b, https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2020.1822972 ). We also demonstrated that, compared to HepaRG cells grown as two-dimensional (2D) cultures, 3D HepaRG spheroids have increased metabolic capacity and improved sensitivity in detecting DNA damage induced by genotoxicants using the comet assay (Seo et al. in ALTEX 39:583-604, 2022, https://doi.org/10.14573/altex.22011212022 ). In the present study, we have compared the performance of the HT flow-cytometry-based MN assay in HepaRG spheroids and 2D HepaRG cells by testing 34 compounds, including 19 genotoxicants or carcinogens and 15 compounds that show different genotoxic responses in vitro and in vivo. 2D HepaRG cells and spheroids were exposed to the test compounds for 24 h, followed by an additional 3- or 6-day incubation with human epidermal growth factor to stimulate cell division. The results demonstrated that HepaRG spheroids showed generally higher sensitivity in detecting several indirect-acting genotoxicants (require metabolic activation) compared to 2D cultures, with 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene and N-nitrosodimethylamine inducing higher % MN formation along with having significantly lower benchmark dose values for MN induction in 3D spheroids. These data suggest that 3D HepaRG spheroids can be adapted to the HT flow-cytometry-based MN assay for genotoxicity testing. Our findings also indicate that integration of the MN and comet assays improved the sensitivity for detecting genotoxicants that require metabolic activation. These results suggest that HepaRG spheroids may contribute to New Approach Methodologies for genotoxicity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Seo
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
| | - Xilin Li
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Yuan Le
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Nan Mei
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Tong Zhou
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, 20855, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
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Cao G, Cai Z. Getting Health Hazards of Inhaled Nano/Microplastics into Focus: Expectations and Challenges. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:3461-3463. [PMID: 36812144 PMCID: PMC9996812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
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25
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Priwitaningrum DL, Pednekar K, Gabriël AV, Varela-Moreira AA, Le Gac S, Vellekoop I, Storm G, Hennink WE, Prakash J. Evaluation of paclitaxel-loaded polymeric nanoparticles in 3D tumor model: impact of tumor stroma on penetration and efficacy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:1470-1483. [PMID: 36853438 PMCID: PMC10102101 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01310-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Since tumor stroma poses as a barrier to achieve efficacy of nanomedicines, it is essential to evaluate nano-chemotherapeutics in stroma-mimicking 3D models that reliably predict their behavior regarding these hurdles limiting efficacy. In this study, we evaluated the effect of paclitaxel-loaded polymeric micelles (PTX-PMCs) and polymeric nanoparticles (PTX-PNPs) in a tumor stroma-mimicking 3D in vitro model. PTX-PMCs (77 nm) based on a amphiphilic block copolymer of mPEG-b-p(HPMAm-Bz) and PTX-PNPs (159 nm) based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) were prepared, which had an encapsulation efficiency (EE%) of 81 ± 15% and 45 ± 8%, respectively. 3D homospheroids of mouse 4T1 breast cancer cells and heterospheroids of NIH3T3 fibroblasts and 4T1 (5:1 ratio) were prepared and characterized with high content two-photon microscopy and immunostaining. Data showed an induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (α-SMA) in both homo- and heterospheroids, while ECM (collagen) deposition only in heterospheroids. Two-photon imaging revealed that both fluorescently labeled PMCs and PNPs penetrated into the core of homospheroids and only PMCs penetrated into heterospheroids. Furthermore, PTX-PMCs, PTX-PNPs, and free PTX induced cytotoxicity in tumor cells and fibroblasts grown as monolayer, but these effects were substantially reduced in 3D models, in particular in heterospheroids. Gene expression analysis showed that heterospheroids had a significant increase of drug resistance markers (Bcl2, Abgc2) compared to 2D or 3D monocultures. Altogether, this study shows that the efficacy of nanotherapeutics is challenged by stroma-induced poor penetration and development of resistant phenotype. Therefore, this tumor stroma-mimicking 3D model can provide an excellent platform to study penetration and effects of nanotherapeutics before in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwi L Priwitaningrum
- Engineered Therapeutics, Department of Advanced Organ Bioengineering and Therapeutics, TechMed Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Kunal Pednekar
- Engineered Therapeutics, Department of Advanced Organ Bioengineering and Therapeutics, TechMed Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandros V Gabriël
- Engineered Therapeutics, Department of Advanced Organ Bioengineering and Therapeutics, TechMed Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Aida A Varela-Moreira
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Severine Le Gac
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo Vellekoop
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jai Prakash
- Engineered Therapeutics, Department of Advanced Organ Bioengineering and Therapeutics, TechMed Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Jannoo R, Xia Z, Row PE, Kanamarlapudi V. Targeting of the Interleukin-13 Receptor (IL-13R)α2 Expressing Prostate Cancer by a Novel Hybrid Lytic Peptide. Biomolecules 2023; 13. [PMID: 36830725 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The IL-13Rα2 cell surface receptor is highly expressed in tumours such as prostate cancer. In this report, we evaluated the hypothesis that prostate cancer cells with enhanced IL-13Rα2 expression are a suitable target for the hybrid lytic peptide (Pep-1-Phor21) peptide, which is generated by fusing the IL-13Rα2 specific ligand (Pep-1) and a cell membrane disrupting lytic peptide (Phor21). The expression of IL-13Rα2 mRNA and protein in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines was assessed via real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and immunoblotting. The effect of Pep-1-Phor21 on the viability of prostate cancer cells grown in monolayers (2D) and microtissue spheroids (3D) was assessed via CellTox green cytotoxic assay. IL-13Rα2 expression and Pep-1-Phor21-mediated killing were also determined in the cells treated with epigenetic regulators (Trichostatin A (TSA) and 5-aza-2 deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC)). The hybrid lytic peptide cytotoxic activity correlated with the expression of IL-13Rα2 in prostate cancer cell lines cultured as monolayers (2D) or 3D spheroids. In addition, TSA or 5-Aza-dC treatment of prostate cancer cells, particularly those with low expression of IL-13Rα2, enhanced the cells' sensitivity to the lytic peptide by increasing IL-13Rα2 expression. These results demonstrate that the Pep-1-Phor21 hybrid lytic peptide has potent and selective anticancer properties against IL-13Rα2-expressing prostate cancer cells.
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Negi C, Gadara D, Kohoutek J, Bajard L, Spáčil Z, Blaha L. Replacement Flame-Retardant 2-Ethylhexyldiphenyl Phosphate (EHDPP) Disrupts Hepatic Lipidome: Evidence from Human 3D Hepatospheroid Cell Culture. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:2006-2018. [PMID: 36693630 PMCID: PMC9910051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the effects of repeated exposure to 2-ethylhexyldiphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) on human liver cells. In vitro three-dimensional (3D) hepatospheroid cell culture was utilized to explore the potential mechanisms of EHDPP-mediated metabolic disruption through morphological, transcriptional, and biochemical assays. Lipidomics analysis was performed on the individual hepatospheroids to investigate the effects on intracellular lipid profiles, followed by hepatospheroid morphology, growth, functional parameters, and cytotoxicity evaluation. The possible mechanisms were delineated using the gene-level analysis by assessing the expression of key genes encoding for hepatic lipid metabolism. We revealed that exposure to EHDPP at 1 and 10 μM for 7 days alters the lipid profile of human 3D hepatospheroids. Dysregulation in several lipid classes, including sterol lipids (cholesterol esters), sphingolipids (dihydroceramide, hexosylceramide, ceramide, sphingomyelin), glycerolipids (triglycerides), glycerophospholipids, and fatty acyls, was noted along with alteration in genes including ACAT1, ACAT2, CYP27A1, ABCA1, GPAT2, PNPLA2, PGC1α, and Nrf2. Our study brings a novel insight into the metabolic disrupting effects of EHDPP and demonstrates the utility of hepatospheroids as an in vitro cell culture model complemented with omics technology (e.g., lipidomics) for mechanistic toxicity studies.
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Moirangthem A, Gondaliya P, Yan IK, Sayyed AA, Driscoll J, Patel T. Extracellular vesicle‑mediated miR‑126‑3p transfer contributes to inter‑cellular communication in the liver tumor microenvironment. Int J Oncol 2023; 62:31. [PMID: 36660950 PMCID: PMC9851126 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their contents are gaining recognition as important mediators of intercellular communication through the transfer of bioactive molecules, such as non‑coding RNA. The present study comprehensively assessed the microRNA (miRNA/miR) content within EVs released from HepG2 liver cancer (LC) cells and LX2 hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and determined the contribution of EV miRNA to intercellular communication. Using both transwell and spheroid co‑cultures of LC cells and HSCs, miR‑126‑3p within EV was established as a mediator of HSC to LC cell communication that influenced tumor cell migration and invasion, as well as the growth of multicellular LC/HSC spheroids. Manipulation of miR‑126‑3p either by enforced expression using pre‑miR‑126‑3p or by inhibition using antimiR‑126‑3p did not alter tumor cell viability, proliferation or sensitivity to either sorafenib or regorafenib. By contrast, enforced expression of miR‑126‑3p decreased tumor‑cell migration. Knockdown of miR‑126‑3p in tumor cells increased disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain‑containing protein 9 (ADAM9) expression and in HSCs increased collagen‑1A1 accumulation with an increase in compactness of multicellular spheroids. Within LC/HSC spheroids, ADAM9 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression was increased by silencing of miR‑126‑3p but diminished with the restoration of miR‑126‑3p. These studies implicate miR‑126‑3p in functional effects on migration, invasion and spheroid growth of tumor cells in the presence of HSCs, and thereby demonstrate functional EV‑RNA‑based intercellular signaling between HSCs and LC cells that is directly relevant to tumor‑cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irene K. Yan
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Adil Ali Sayyed
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Julia Driscoll
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Tushar Patel
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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Kello M, Goga M, Kotorova K, Sebova D, Frenak R, Tkacikova L, Mojzis J. Screening Evaluation of Antiproliferative, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Lichen Extracts and Secondary Metabolites In Vitro. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:611. [PMID: 36771693 PMCID: PMC9919983 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lichen metabolites represent a wide range of substances with a variety of biological effects. The present study was designed to analyze the potential antiproliferative, antimicrobial and antioxidative effects of several extracts from lichens (Pseudevernia furfuracea, Lobaria pulmonaria, Cetraria islandica, Evernia prunastri, Stereocaulon tomentosum, Xanthoria elegans and Umbilicaria hirsuta) and their secondary metabolites (atranorin, physodic acid, evernic acid and gyrophoric acid). The crude extract, as well as the isolated metabolites, showed potent antiproliferative, cytotoxic activity on a broad range of cancer cell lines in 2D (monolayer) and 3D (spheroid) models. Furthermore, antioxidant (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazylhydrate (DPPH) and in vitro antimicrobial activities were assessed. Data showed that the lichen extracts, as well as the compounds present, possessed biological potential in the studied assays. It was also observed that the extracts were more efficient and their major compounds showed strong effects as antiproliferative, antioxidant and antibacterial agents. Moreover, we demonstrated the 2D and 3D models' importance to drug discovery for further in vivo studies. Despite the fact that lichen compounds have been neglected by the scientific community for long periods, nowadays they are objects of investigation based on their promising effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Michal Goga
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 041 67 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Klaudia Kotorova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Sebova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Richard Frenak
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 041 67 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ludmila Tkacikova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jan Mojzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
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de Souza Castro G, de Souza W, Lima TSM, Bonfim DC, Werckmann J, Archanjo BS, Granjeiro JM, Ribeiro AR, Gemini-Piperni S. The Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Osteoblasts Mineralization: A Comparison between 2D and 3D Cell Culture Models. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:425. [PMID: 36770386 PMCID: PMC9921996 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although several studies assess the biological effects of micro and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), the literature shows controversial results regarding their effect on bone cell behavior. Studies on the effects of nanoparticles on mammalian cells on two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures display several disadvantages, such as changes in cell morphology, function, and metabolism and fewer cell-cell contacts. This highlights the need to explore the effects of TiO2 NPs in more complex 3D environments, to better mimic the bone microenvironment. This study aims to compare the differentiation and mineralized matrix production of human osteoblasts SAOS-2 in a monolayer or 3D models after exposure to different concentrations of TiO2 NPs. Nanoparticles were characterized, and their internalization and effects on the SAOS-2 monolayer and 3D spheroid cells were evaluated with morphological analysis. The mineralization of human osteoblasts upon exposure to TiO2 NPs was evaluated by alizarin red staining, demonstrating a dose-dependent increase in mineralized matrix in human primary osteoblasts and SAOS-2 both in the monolayer and 3D models. Furthermore, our results reveal that, after high exposure to TiO2 NPs, the dose-dependent increase in the bone mineralized matrix in the 3D cells model is higher than in the 2D culture, showing a promising model to test the effect on bone osteointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wanderson de Souza
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Thais Suelen Mello Lima
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Danielle Cabral Bonfim
- LabCeR Group, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Jacques Werckmann
- Visitant Professor at Brazilian Center for Research in Physics, Rio de Janeiro 22290-180, Brazil
| | - Braulio Soares Archanjo
- Materials Metrology Division, National Institute of Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro 25250-020, Brazil
| | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Directory of Life Sciences Applied Metrology, National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology, Rio de Janeiro 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Ana Rosa Ribeiro
- NanoSafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sara Gemini-Piperni
- Postgraduate Program in Odontology, Unigranrio, Duque de Caxias 25071-202, Brazil
- Labεn Group, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
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Edamana S, Pedersen SF, Nejsum LN. Aquaporin water channels affect the response of conventional anticancer therapies of 3D grown breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 639:126-133. [PMID: 36481356 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporin (AQP) water channels facilitate water transport across cellular membranes and are essential in regulation of body water balance. Moreover, several AQPs are overexpressed or ectopically expressed in breast cancer. Interestingly, several in vitro studies have suggested that AQPs can affect the response to conventional anticancer chemotherapies. Therefore, we took a systematic approach to test how AQP1, AQP3 and AQP5, which are often over-/ectopically expressed in breast cancer, affect total viability of 3-dimensional (3D) breast cancer cell spheroids when treated with the conventional anticancer chemotherapies Cisplatin, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and Doxorubicin, a Combination of the three drugs as well as the Combination plus the Ras inhibitor Salirasib. Total viability of spheroids overexpressing AQP1 were decreased by all treatments except for 5-FU, which increased total viability by 20% compared to DMSO treated controls. All treatments reduced viability of spheroids overexpressing AQP3. In contrast, only Doxorubicin, Combination and Combination + Salirasib reduced total viability of spheroids overexpressing AQP5. Thus, this study supports a significant role of AQPs in the response to conventional chemotherapies. Evaluating the role of individual proteins that contribute to resistance to chemotherapies is essential in advancing personalized medicine in breast carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarannya Edamana
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Stine F Pedersen
- Department of Biology, Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, København Ø, Denmark
| | - Lene N Nejsum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
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Akshay A, Katoch M, Abedi M, Shekarchizadeh N, Besic M, Burkhard FC, Bigger-Allen A, Adam RM, Monastyrskaya K, Gheinani AH. SpheroScan: a user-friendly deep learning tool for spheroid image analysis. Gigascience 2022; 12:giad082. [PMID: 37889008 PMCID: PMC10603766 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, 3-dimensional (3D) spheroid models have become increasingly popular in scientific research as they provide a more physiologically relevant microenvironment that mimics in vivo conditions. The use of 3D spheroid assays has proven to be advantageous as it offers a better understanding of the cellular behavior, drug efficacy, and toxicity as compared to traditional 2-dimensional cell culture methods. However, the use of 3D spheroid assays is impeded by the absence of automated and user-friendly tools for spheroid image analysis, which adversely affects the reproducibility and throughput of these assays. RESULTS To address these issues, we have developed a fully automated, web-based tool called SpheroScan, which uses the deep learning framework called Mask Regions with Convolutional Neural Networks (R-CNN) for image detection and segmentation. To develop a deep learning model that could be applied to spheroid images from a range of experimental conditions, we trained the model using spheroid images captured using IncuCyte Live-Cell Analysis System and a conventional microscope. Performance evaluation of the trained model using validation and test datasets shows promising results. CONCLUSION SpheroScan allows for easy analysis of large numbers of images and provides interactive visualization features for a more in-depth understanding of the data. Our tool represents a significant advancement in the analysis of spheroid images and will facilitate the widespread adoption of 3D spheroid models in scientific research. The source code and a detailed tutorial for SpheroScan are available at https://github.com/FunctionalUrology/SpheroScan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Akshay
- Functional Urology Research Group, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mitali Katoch
- Institute of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Masoud Abedi
- Department of Medical Data Science, Leipzig University Medical Centre, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Navid Shekarchizadeh
- Department of Medical Data Science, Leipzig University Medical Centre, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (ScaDS.AI) Dresden/Leipzig, 04105 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mustafa Besic
- Functional Urology Research Group, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, Inselspital University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fiona C Burkhard
- Functional Urology Research Group, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, Inselspital University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alex Bigger-Allen
- Biological & Biomedical Sciences Program, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, 02115 Boston, MA, USA
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Rosalyn M Adam
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Katia Monastyrskaya
- Functional Urology Research Group, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, Inselspital University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ali Hashemi Gheinani
- Functional Urology Research Group, Department for BioMedical Research DBMR, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, Inselspital University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Urological Diseases Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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Kim JY, Rhim WK, Cha SG, Woo J, Lee JY, Park CG, Han DK. Bolstering the secretion and bioactivities of umbilical cord MSC-derived extracellular vesicles with 3D culture and priming in chemically defined media. Nano Converg 2022; 9:57. [PMID: 36534191 PMCID: PMC9761620 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-022-00349-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been known to possess the features of the origin cell with nano size and have shown therapeutic potentials for regenerative medicine in recent studies as alternatives for cell-based therapies. However, extremely low production yield, unknown effects derived from serum impurities, and relatively low bioactivities on doses must be overcome for translational applications. As several reports have demonstrated the tunability of secretion and bioactivities of EVs, herein, we introduced three-dimensional (3D) culture and cell priming approaches for MSCs in serum-free chemically defined media to exclude side effects from serum-derived impurities. Aggregates (spheroids) with 3D culture dramatically enhanced secretion of EVs about 6.7 times more than cells with two-dimensional (2D) culture, and altered surface compositions. Further modulation with cell priming with the combination of TNF-α and IFN-γ (TI) facilitated the production of EVs about 1.4 times more than cells without priming (9.4 times more than cells with 2D culture without priming), and bioactivities of EVs related to tissue regenerations. Interestingly, unlike changing 2D to 3D culture, TI priming altered internal cytokines of MSC-derived EVs. Through simulating characteristics of EVs with bioinformatics analysis, the regeneration-relative properties such as angiogenesis, wound healing, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-fibrosis, for three different types of EVs were comparatively analyzed using cell-based assays. The present study demonstrated that a combinatory strategy, 3D cultures and priming MSCs in chemically defined media, provided the optimum environments to maximize secretion and regeneration-related bioactivities of MSC-derived EVs without impurities for future translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Intelligent Precision of Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyu Rhim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Gyu Cha
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Woo
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Youn Lee
- Xcell Therapeutics, 333, Yeongdong-daero, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06188, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Intelligent Precision of Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keun Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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Pulugu P, Arya N, Kumar P, Srivastava A. Polystyrene-Based Slippery Surfaces Enable the Generation and Easy Retrieval of Tumor Spheroids. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2022; 5:5582-5594. [PMID: 36445173 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multicellular tumor spheroids are the most well-characterized organotypic models for cancer research. Generally, scaffold-based and scaffold-free techniques are widely used for culturing spheroids. In scaffold-free techniques, the hanging drop (HD) method is a more versatile technique, but the retrieval of three-dimensional (3D) cell spheroids in the hanging drop method is usually labor-intensive. We developed oil-coated polystyrene nanofiber-based reusable slippery surfaces for the generation and easy retrieval of 3D spheroids. The developed slippery surfaces facilitated the rolling and gliding of the cell medium drops as well as holding the hydrophilic drops for more than 72 h by the virtue of surface tension as in the hanging drop method. In this study, polystyrene nanofibers were developed by the facile technique of electrospinning and the morphological evaluation was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cryo-FESEM. We modeled the retrieval process of 3D spheroids with the ingredients of 3D spheroid generation, such as water, cell culture media, collagen, and hyaluronic acid solution, demonstrating the faster and easy retrieval of 3D spheroids within a few seconds. We created MCF-7 spheroids as a proof of concept with a developed slippery surface. 3D spheroids were characterized for their size, homogeneity, reactive oxygen species, proliferative marker (Ki-67), and hypoxic inducing factor 1ά (HIF-1ά). These 3D tumor spheroids were further tested for evaluating the cellular toxicity of the doxorubicin drug. Hence, the proposed slippery surfaces demonstrated the potential alternative of culturing 3D tumor spheroids with an easy retrieval process with intact 3D spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Pulugu
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Neha Arya
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Prasoon Kumar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Akshay Srivastava
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
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David KI, Ravikumar TS, Sethuraman S, Krishnan UM. Investigations of an organic-inorganic nanotheranostic hybrid for pancreatic cancer therapy using cancer-in-a-dish and in vivomodels. Biomed Mater 2022; 18. [PMID: 36270604 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac9cb2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of highly aggressive pancreatic cancer is increasing across the globe and is projected to increase to 18.6% by 2050. The mortality rate for this form of cancer is very high and the 5 y relative survival rate is only about 9%-10%. The 3D pancreatic cancer microenvironment exerts a major influence on the poor survival rate. A key factor is the prevention of the penetration of the chemotherapeutic drugs in the three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment leading to the development of chemoresistance which is a major contributor to the survival rates. Hence,in vitrostudies using 3D cultures represent a better approach to understand the effect of therapeutic formulations on the cancer cells when compared to conventional 2D cultures. In the present study, we have explored three different conditions for the development of a 3D pancreatic tumour spheroid model from MiaPaCa-2 and PanC1 cells cultured for 10 days using Matrigel matrix. This optimized spheroid model was employed to evaluate a multi-functional nanotheranostic system fabricated using chitosan nanoparticles co-encapsulated with the chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine and gold-capped iron oxide nanoparticles for multimodal imaging. The effect of the single and multiple-dose regimens of the theranostic system on the viability of 3D spheroids formed from the two pancreatic cancer cell lines was studied. It was observed that the 3D tumour spheroids cultured for 10 days exhibited resistance towards free gemcitabine drug, unlike the 2D culture. The administration of the multifunctional nanotheranostic system on alternate days effectively reduced the cancer cell viability after five doses to about 20% when compared with other groups. The repeated doses of the nanotheranostic system were found to be more effective than the single dose. Cell line-based differences in internalization of the carrier was also reflected in their response to the nanocarrier with PanC1 showing better sensitivity to the treatment.In vivostudies revealed that the combination of gemcitabine and magnetic field induced hypothermia produced superior regression in cancer when compared with the chemotherapeutic agent alone by a combination of activating the pro-apoptotic pathway and heat-induced necrosis. Our results reveal that this multi-functional system holds promise to overcome the current challenges to treat pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolyn Infanta David
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, TamilNadu 613401, India.,School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, TamilNadu 613401, India
| | - T S Ravikumar
- Formerly at Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS) Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, TamilNadu 613401, India.,School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, TamilNadu 613401, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, TamilNadu 613401, India.,School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, TamilNadu 613401, India.,School of Arts, Sciences, Humanities and Education, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, TamilNadu 613401, India
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Rubert J, Gatto P, Pancher M, Sidarovich V, Curti C, Mena P, Del Rio D, Quattrone A, Mattivi F. A Screening of Native (Poly)phenols and Gut-Related Metabolites on 3D HCT116 Spheroids Reveals Gut Health Benefits of a Flavan-3-ol Metabolite. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101043. [PMID: 35394679 PMCID: PMC9787721 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Epidemiological evidence suggests that a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is correlated with high consumption of fruits and vegetables, which are major sources of fiber and phytochemicals, such as flavan-3-ols. However, it remains unknown how these phytochemicals and their specific gut-related metabolites may alter cancer cell behavior. METHODS AND RESULTS A focused screening using native (poly)phenols and gut microbial metabolites (GMMs) on 3D HCT116 spheroids is carried out using a high-throughput imaging approach. Dose-responses, IC50 , and long-term exposure are calculated for the most promising native (poly)phenols and GMMs. As a result, this research shows that (poly)phenol catabolites may play a key role in preventing cancer propagation. Indeed, µM concentration levels of (4R)-5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone significantly decrease spheroid size at early stages of spheroid aggregation and gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases. CONCLUSION A chronic exposure to (4R)-5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone may lead to a reduced CRC risk. Daily intake of monomeric, oligomeric, and polymeric flavan-3-ols may increase the colonic concentrations of this metabolite, and, in turn, this compound may act locally interacting with intestinal epithelial cells, precancerous and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Rubert
- Food Quality and DesignWageningen University & ResearchBornse Weilanden 9Wageningen6708 WGThe Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition and HealthWageningen University & ResearchStippeneng 4Wageningen6708 WEThe Netherlands
| | - Pamela Gatto
- HTS and Validation Core FacilityDept. CIBIO ‐ Department of CellularComputational and Integrative BiologyUniversity of TrentoVia Sommarive 9Trento38123Italy
| | - Michael Pancher
- HTS and Validation Core FacilityDept. CIBIO ‐ Department of CellularComputational and Integrative BiologyUniversity of TrentoVia Sommarive 9Trento38123Italy
| | - Viktoryia Sidarovich
- HTS and Validation Core FacilityDept. CIBIO ‐ Department of CellularComputational and Integrative BiologyUniversity of TrentoVia Sommarive 9Trento38123Italy
| | - Claudio Curti
- Department of Food and DrugUniversity of ParmaParco Area delle Scienze, 27/AParma43124Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition UnitDepartment of Food and DrugUniversity of ParmaMedical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39Parma43125Italy
- Microbiome Research HubUniversity of ParmaParma43124Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition UnitDepartment of Food and DrugUniversity of ParmaMedical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39Parma43125Italy
- Microbiome Research HubUniversity of ParmaParma43124Italy
- School of Advanced Studies on Food and NutritionUniversity of ParmaParma43126Italy
| | - Alessandro Quattrone
- Laboratory of Translational GenomicsDept. CIBIO ‐ Department of CellularComputational and Integrative BiologyUniversity of TrentoVia Sommarive 9Trento38123Italy
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Dept. CIBIO ‐ Department of CellularComputational and Integrative BiologyUniversity of TrentoVia Sommarive 9Trento38123Italy
- Metabolomics UnitDepartment of Food Quality and NutritionFondazione Edmund Mach ‐ FEMResearch and Innovation CentreVia Mach 1San Michele all'Adige38098Italy
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Parvathaneni V, Chilamakuri R, Kulkarni NS, Baig NF, Agarwal S, Gupta V. Exploring Amodiaquine's Repurposing Potential in Breast Cancer Treatment-Assessment of In-Vitro Efficacy & Mechanism of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11455. [PMID: 36232751 PMCID: PMC9569809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the heterogeneity of breast cancer, current available treatment options are moderately effective at best. Hence, it is highly recommended to comprehend different subtypes, understand pathogenic mechanisms involved, and develop treatment modalities. The repurposing of an old FDA approved anti-malarial drug, amodiaquine (AQ) presents an outstanding opportunity to explore its efficacy in treating majority of breast cancer subtypes. Cytotoxicity, scratch assay, vasculogenic mimicry study, and clonogenic assay were employed to determine AQ's ability to inhibit cell viability, cell migration, vascular formation, and colony growth. 3D Spheroid cell culture studies were performed to identify tumor growth inhibition potential of AQ in MCF-7 and MDAMB-231 cell lines. Apoptosis assays, cell cycle analysis, RT-qPCR assays, and Western blot studies were performed to determine AQ's ability to induce apoptosis, cell cycle changes, gene expression changes, and induction of autophagy marker proteins. The results from in-vitro studies confirmed the potential of AQ as an anti-cancer drug. In different breast cancer cell lines tested, AQ significantly induces cytotoxicity, inhibit colony formation, inhibit cell migration, reduces 3D spheroid volume, induces apoptosis, blocks cell cycle progression, inhibit expression of cancer related genes, and induces LC3BII protein to inhibit autophagy. Our results demonstrate that amodiaquine is a promising drug to repurpose for breast cancer treatment, which needs numerous efforts from further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineela Parvathaneni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Rameswari Chilamakuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Nishant S Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Nabeela F Baig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Saurabh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
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Sharin T, Crump D, O'Brien JM. Toxicity screening of bisphenol A replacement compounds: cytotoxicity and mRNA expression in LMH 3D spheroids. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:44769-44778. [PMID: 35138540 PMCID: PMC9200673 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18812-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we showed that the chicken LMH cell line cultured as 3D spheroids may be a suitable animal free alternative to primary chicken embryonic hepatocytes (CEH) for avian in vitro chemical screening. In this study, cytotoxicity and mRNA expression were determined in LMH 3D spheroids following exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), five BPA replacement compounds (BPF, TGSH, DD-70, BPAF, BPSIP), and 17β estradiol (E2). Results were compared to an earlier study that evaluated the same endpoints for these chemicals in CEH. BPA and the replacement compounds had LC50 values ranging from 16.6 to 81.8 μM; DD-70 and BPAF were the most cytotoxic replacements (LC50 = 17.23 ± 4.51 and 16.6 ± 4.78 μM). TGSH and DD-70 modulated the greatest number of genes, although fewer than observed in CEH. Based on the expression of apovitellenin and vitellogenin, BPAF was the most estrogenic compound followed by BPF, BPSIP, and BPA. More estrogen-responsive genes were modulated in LMH spheroids compared to CEH. Concentration-dependent gene expression revealed that DD-70 and BPAF altered genes related to lipid and bile acid regulation. Overall, cytotoxicity and clustering of replacements based on gene expression profiles were similar between LMH spheroids and CEH. In addition to generating novel gene expression data for five BPA replacement compounds in an in vitro avian model, this research demonstrates that LMH spheroids may represent a useful animal free alternative for avian toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnia Sharin
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Doug Crump
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Jason M O'Brien
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
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Bae S, Yoon YG, Kim JY, Park IC, An S, Lee JH, Bae S. Melatonin increases growth properties in human dermal papilla spheroids by activating AKT/GSK3β/β-Catenin signaling pathway. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13461. [PMID: 35607451 PMCID: PMC9123888 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Melatonin, a neurohormone, maybe involved in physiological processes, such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and hair growth. In the present study, we investigated the effects of melatonin on proliferation and intracellular signaling in DP cells using a three-dimensional (3D) spheroid culture system that mimics the in vivo hair follicle system. Methods DP cells were incubated in monolayer (2D) and 3D spheroid culture systems. The expression levels of melatonin receptors in DP cells were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. The effect of melatonin on the hair-inductive property of DP cells was analyzed using a WST-1-based proliferation assay, determination of DP spheroid size, expression analysis of DP signature genes, and determination of β-catenin stabilization in DP cells. The AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway associated with melatonin-induced β-catenin stabilization in DP cells was investigated by analyzing changes in upstream regulator proteins, including AKT, GSK3β, and their phosphorylated forms. Results The expression levels of the melatonin receptors were higher in human DP cells than in human epidermal keratinocytes and human dermal fibroblast cells. Comparing the expression level according to the human DP cell culture condition, melatonin receptor expression was upregulated in the 3D culture system compared to the traditional two-dimensional monolayer culture system. Cell viability analysis showed that melatonin concentrations up to 1 mM did not affect cell viability. Moreover, melatonin increased the diameter of DP cell 3D spheroids in a dose-dependent manner. Immunoblotting and qRT-PCR analysis revealed that melatonin upregulated the expression of hair growth-related genes, including alkaline phosphatase, bone morphogenetic protein 2, versican, and wingless-int 5A, in a melatonin receptor-dependent manner. Cell fractionation analysis showed that melatonin increased the nuclear localization of β-catenin. This result correlated with the increased transcriptional activation of T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor-responsive luciferase induced by melatonin treatment. Interestingly, melatonin induced the phosphorylation of protein kinase B/AKT at serine 473 residue and GSK-3β at serine 9 residue. To determine whether AKT phosphorylation at serine 473 induced β-catenin nuclear translocation through GSK3β phosphorylation at serine 9, the PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 was cotreated with melatonin. Immunoblotting showed that LY294002 inhibited melatonin-induced phosphorylation of GSK3β at serine 9 residue and β-catenin activation. Conclusion Collectively, this report suggests that melatonin promotes growth properties by activating the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway through melatonin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowon Bae
- Research Institute for Molecular-Targeted Drugs, Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Gyeong Yoon
- Research Institute for Molecular-Targeted Drugs, Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,R&D Planning Dept., Dermalab Co., Ltd, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yea Kim
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chul Park
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkwan An
- Research Institute for Molecular-Targeted Drugs, Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Research Institute for Molecular-Targeted Drugs, Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Bae
- Research Institute for Molecular-Targeted Drugs, Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Esposito A, Ferraresi A, Salwa A, Vidoni C, Dhanasekaran DN, Isidoro C. Resveratrol Contrasts IL-6 Pro-Growth Effects and Promotes Autophagy-Mediated Cancer Cell Dormancy in 3D Ovarian Cancer: Role of miR-1305 and of Its Target ARH-I. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2142. [PMID: 35565270 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor dormancy is the extended period during which patients are asymptomatic before recurrence, and it represents a difficult phenomenon to target pharmacologically. The relapse of tumors, for instance arising from the interruption of dormant metastases, is frequently observed in ovarian cancer patients and determines poor survival. Inflammatory cytokines present in the tumor microenvironment likely contribute to such events. Cancer cell dormancy and autophagy are interconnected at the molecular level through ARH-I (DIRAS3) and BECLIN-1, two tumor suppressors often dysregulated in ovarian cancers. IL-6 disrupts autophagy in ovarian cancer cells via miRNAs downregulation of ARH-I, an effect contrasted by the nutraceutical protein restriction mimetic resveratrol (RV). By using three ovarian cancer cell lines with different genetic background in 2D and 3D models, the latter mimicking the growth of peritoneal metastases, we show that RV keeps the cancer cells in a dormant-like quiescent state contrasting the IL-6 growth-promoting activity. Mechanistically, this effect is mediated by BECLIN-1-dependent autophagy and relies on the availability of ARH-I. We also show that ARH-I (DIRAS3) is a bona fide target of miR-1305, a novel oncomiRNA upregulated by IL-6 and downregulated by RV. Clinically relevant, bioinformatic analysis of a transcriptomic database showed that the high expression of DIRAS3 and MAP1LC3B mRNAs together with that of CDKN1A, directing a cellular dormant phenotype, predicts better overall survival in ovarian cancer patients, and this correlates with MIR1305 downregulation. The possibility of maintaining a permanent cell dormancy in ovarian cancer by the chronic administration of RV should be considered as a therapeutic option to prevent the "awakening" of cancer cells in response to a permissive microenvironment, thus limiting the risk of tumor relapse and metastasis.
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Bianchi F, Sommariva M, Cornaghi LB, Denti L, Nava A, Arnaboldi F, Moscheni C, Gagliano N. Mechanical Cues, E-Cadherin Expression and Cell "Sociality" Are Crucial Crossroads in Determining Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells Behavior. Cells 2022; 11:1318. [PMID: 35455997 PMCID: PMC9028873 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin, an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker, is coupled to actin cytoskeleton and distributes cell forces acting on cells. Since YAP transduces mechanical signals involving actin cytoskeleton, we aimed to investigate the relationship between YAP and mechanical cues in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines, characterized by different EMT-related phenotypes, cultured in 2D monolayers and 3D spheroids. We observed that the YAP/p-YAP ratio was reduced in HPAC and MIA PaCa-2 cell lines and remained unchanged in BxPC-3 cells when cultured in a 3D setting. CTGF and CYR61 gene expression were down-regulated in all PDAC 3D compared to 2D cultures, without any significant effect following actin cytoskeleton inhibition by Cytochalasin B (CyB) treatment. Moreover, LATS1 mRNA, indicating the activation of the Hippo pathway, was not influenced by CyB and differed in all PDAC cell lines having different EMT-related phenotype but a similar pattern of CTGF and CYR61 expression. Although the role of YAP modulation in response to mechanical cues in cancer cells remains to be completely elucidated, our results suggest that cell arrangement and phenotype can determine variable outcomes to mechanical stimuli in PDAC cells. Moreover, it is possible to speculate that YAP and Hippo pathways may act as parallel and not exclusive inputs that, converging at some points, may impact cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bianchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (L.B.C.); (A.N.); (F.A.)
- U. O. Laboratorio Morfologia Umana Applicata, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Sommariva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (L.B.C.); (A.N.); (F.A.)
| | - Laura Brigida Cornaghi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (L.B.C.); (A.N.); (F.A.)
| | - Luca Denti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Ambra Nava
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (L.B.C.); (A.N.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesca Arnaboldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (L.B.C.); (A.N.); (F.A.)
| | - Claudia Moscheni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Nicoletta Gagliano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (M.S.); (L.B.C.); (A.N.); (F.A.)
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Sun S, Wang J, Yao J, Guo H, Dai J. Transcriptome analysis of 3D primary mouse liver spheroids shows that long-term exposure to hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid disrupts hepatic bile acid metabolism. Sci Total Environ 2022; 812:151509. [PMID: 34762948 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid (HFPO-TA), an alternative to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), has been detected in various environmental and human matrices. However, information regarding its toxicity remains limited. Here, we established a three-dimensional (3D) primary mouse liver spheroid model to compare the hepatotoxicity of HFPO-TA and PFOA. The 3D spheroids were repeatedly exposed to 25-, 50-, or 100-μM HFPO-TA and PFOA for 28 d. Compared with the PFOA groups, the HFPO-TA groups showed higher bioaccumulation potential, higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, and lower adenosine triphosphate (ATP), albumin, and urea secretion. Transcriptome analysis identified 1603 and 772 differentially expressed genes in the 100-μM HFPO-TA- and PFOA-treated groups, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that cholesterol metabolism, bile acid metabolism, and inflammatory response were significantly altered. Exposure to 100-μM HFPO-TA increased triglyceride content but decreased total cholesterol content, while no changes were observed in the 100-μM PFOA-treated group. Total bile acids in the re-polarized 3D spheroids increased significantly after 100-μM HFPO-TA and PFOA treatment, which did not affect bile acid synthesis but inhibited the expression levels of Bsep and Mrp2 related to bile acid transport. Thus, HFPO-TA exhibited more serious hepatotoxicity than PFOA in 3D primary liver spheroids and may not be a safe alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Sun
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianshe Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jingzhi Yao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hua Guo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. Current treatment involves surgery, chemotherapy, and craniospinal radiotherapy, and these are associated with a significant reduction in quality of life. Metastatic dissemination at diagnosis is found in up to 30% of medulloblastoma cases and, alongside therapy resistance, is a significant feature in determining poor outcome. Development of new therapeutic approaches requires models where drug resistance and migration can be readily quantified and that are representative of patient disease. 3D medulloblastoma (3D-MB) spheroids are a simple yet effective means of bridging the gap between 2D culture and in vivo methods, providing users with highly reproducible in vitro models that more accurately recapitulate tumor morphology, drug response, and migration from a tumor mass. Unlike other cancer types, medulloblastoma spheroids fail to grow in their different standard cell culture media; instead, each cell line requires the same stem cell-enriching conditions. This requirement, however, has the advantage that it allows direct comparison of growth and response between cell lines in the absence of any potential media bias. In addition, spheroids can be used to model the initial stages of metastatic dissemination, something that cannot be achieved in 2D culture, providing insight into key changes occurring in migratory cells. Here, we provide protocols that detail the initial generation and maintenance of 3D-MB spheroids from sonic-hedgehog, Group 3, and Group 4 medulloblastoma subgroups, as well as describing functional assays to study drug response and cell migration across hyaluronan matrices, which represent the extracellular matrix backbone of the brain parenchyma. Through application of these simple yet highly representative models, it will be possible to test novel therapeutics targeting metastasis and drug resistance, as well as to develop insights into the mechanistic processes driving relapse in this malignant pediatric brain tumor. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Generation and maintenance of 3D medulloblastoma (3D-MB) spheroids Support Protocol 1: Measuring spheroid size for coefficient-of-variation analysis Basic Protocol 2: Assessing drug response in 3D-MB spheroids Support Protocol 2: 384-well 3D-MB spheroid generation Basic Protocol 3: Immunohistochemical staining of 3D-MB spheroids Basic Protocol 4: Modeling metastatic dissemination using 3D-MB migration models Support Protocol 3: RNA extraction from 3D-MB spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie J Roper
- Children's Brain Tumor Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Beth Coyle
- Children's Brain Tumor Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Bangde P, Pant T, Gaikwad G, Jain R, Dandekar P. Trimethyl chitosan coated palladium nanoparticles as a photothermal agent and its in vitro evaluation in 2D and 3D model of breast cancer cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 211:112287. [PMID: 34952283 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The potential of palladium has been scantily explored in biomedical applications. In the present study, palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) were synthesized and were successfully coated with trimethyl-chitosan (TMC) to improve their biocompatibility. Coating with TMC improved the nanoparticle accumulation in MDAMB231 breast cancer cells, compared to nanoparticles coated with native chitosan. The TMC coated palladium nanoparticles (TMC/PdNPs) exhibited good biocompatibility and physiological stability, as compared to the plain(uncoated) PdNPs. TMC coated PdNPs resulted in photothermal therapeutic effect, when irradiated with a near-infrared (NIR) laser having the wavelength of 808-nm. The TMC/PdNPs resulted in good cytotoxic effect upon laser treatment in both, 2D monolayers and 3D spheroids of MDAMB231 cells, the latter mimicking the tumor microenvironment. These results clearly indicated that TMC/PdNPs acted as ideal photothermal agents for anti-cancer therapy in combination with a non-invasive near-infrared laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Bangde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Tejal Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Ganesh Gaikwad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Ratnesh Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
| | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
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Ferraresi A, Esposito A, Girone C, Vallino L, Salwa A, Ghezzi I, Thongchot S, Vidoni C, Dhanasekaran DN, Isidoro C. Resveratrol Contrasts LPA-Induced Ovarian Cancer Cell Migration and Platinum Resistance by Rescuing Hedgehog-Mediated Autophagy. Cells 2021; 10:3213. [PMID: 34831435 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer progression and invasiveness are promoted by a range of soluble factors released by cancer cells and stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment. Our previous studies demonstrated that resveratrol (RV), a nutraceutical and caloric restriction mimetic with tumor-suppressive properties, counteracts cancer cell motility induced by stromal IL-6 by upregulating autophagy. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive phospholipid that shows elevated levels in the tumor microenvironment and the ascites of ovarian cancers, stimulates the growth and tissue invasion of cancer cells. Whether LPA elicits these effects by inhibiting autophagy and through which pathway and whether RV can counteract the same remain obscure. Aims: To investigate the molecular pathways involved in LPA-induced ovarian cancer malignancy, particularly focusing on the role of autophagy, and the ability of RV to counteract LPA activity. Results: LPA stimulated while RV inhibited ovarian cancer cell migration. Transcriptomic and bioinformatic analyses showed an opposite regulation by LPA and RV of genes linked to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and autophagy with involvement of the PI3K-AKT, JAK-STAT and Hedgehog (Hh) pathways. LPA upregulated the Hh and EMT members GLI1, BMI-1, SNAIL-1 and TWIST1 and inhibited autophagy, while RV did the opposite. Similar to the inhibitors of the Hh pathway, RV inhibited LPA-induced cancer cell migration and 3D growth of ovarian cancer cells. BMI-1 silencing prevented LPA-induced EMT, restored autophagy and hampered cell migration, resembling the effects of RV. TCGA data analyses indicated that patients with low expression of Hh/EMT-related genes together with active autophagy flux tended to have a better prognosis and this correlates with a more effective response to platinum therapy. In in vitro 3D spheroids, LPA upregulated BMI-1, downregulated autophagy and inhibited platinum toxicity while RV and Hh inhibitors restored autophagy and favored BAX-mediated cell death in response to platinum. Conclusions: By inhibiting the Hh pathway and restoration of autophagy, RV counteracts LPA-induced malignancy, supporting its inclusion in the therapy of ovarian cancer for limiting metastasis and chemoresistance.
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Gariboldi MB, Marras E, Vaghi I, Margheritis A, Malacarne MC, Caruso E. Phototoxicity of two positive-charged diaryl porphyrins in multicellular tumor spheroids. J Photochem Photobiol B 2021; 225:112353. [PMID: 34763227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved cancer treatment in which reactive oxygen species are formed only when three harmless components, a photosensitizer (PS), light and molecular oxygen, are present at the same time, leading to cell death. Most of the PSs were tested on monolayer cells, but differences between 2D cells and solid tumors significantly limit the value of in vitro PDT studies, whereas the use of 3D spheroid might be more suitable for drug development and preclinical drug testing for PDT. In a previous work we have shown that two positive-charged diaryl porphyrins (2 and 4) were more potent than the corresponding neutral molecules (1 and 3) on a panel of 2D-cultured cancer cell lines. In the present study the photodynamic effects of these molecules have been evaluated on HCT116 and MCF7 spheroids. Induction of apoptotic and necrotic cell death, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been also evaluated, along with accumulation and localization of PSs into spheroids. Our findings indicate that 2 and 4 retained their phototoxic effects also in 3D spheroids; furthermore, they were more potent than 1 and 3 and as potent as Foscan (m-THPC), the most successful PS approved for clinical PDT of cancer, used as reference. Although further aspects of their mechanisms of action need to be addressed, our results strongly suggest a potential in vivo photodynamic application of 2 and 4, considering that spheroids represent a more realistic indicator of in vivo therapeutic efficacy than 2D cell lines.
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Ferreira L, Morais J, Preto M, Silva R, Urbatzka R, Vasconcelos V, Reis M. Uncovering the Bioactive Potential of a Cyanobacterial Natural Products Library Aided by Untargeted Metabolomics. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:633. [PMID: 34822504 PMCID: PMC8624515 DOI: 10.3390/md19110633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Blue Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology Culture Collection (LEGE-CC) holds a vast number of cyanobacteria whose chemical richness is still largely unknown. To expedite its bioactivity screening we developed a natural products library. Sixty strains and four environmental samples were chromatographed, using a semiautomatic HPLC system, yielding 512 fractions that were tested for their cytotoxic activity against 2D and 3D models of human colon carcinoma (HCT 116), and non-cancerous cell line hCMEC/D3. Six fractions showed high cytotoxicity against 2D and 3D cell models (group A), and six other fractions were selected by their effects on 3D cells (group B). The metabolome of each group was organized and characterized using the MolNetEnhancer workflow, and its processing with MetaboAnalyst allowed discrimination of the mass features with the highest fold change, and thus the ones that might be bioactive. Of those, mass features without precedented identification were mostly found in group A, indicating seven possible novel bioactive molecules, alongside in silico putative annotation of five cytotoxic compounds. Manual dereplication of group B tentatively identified nine pheophytin and pheophorbide derivatives. Our approach enabled the selection of 7 out of 60 cyanobacterial strains for anticancer drug discovery, providing new data concerning the chemical composition of these cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Ferreira
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (L.F.); (J.M.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (R.U.); (V.V.)
| | - João Morais
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (L.F.); (J.M.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (R.U.); (V.V.)
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco Preto
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (L.F.); (J.M.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (R.U.); (V.V.)
| | - Raquel Silva
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (L.F.); (J.M.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (R.U.); (V.V.)
| | - Ralph Urbatzka
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (L.F.); (J.M.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (R.U.); (V.V.)
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (L.F.); (J.M.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (R.U.); (V.V.)
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Reis
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (L.F.); (J.M.); (M.P.); (R.S.); (R.U.); (V.V.)
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Miwa T, Idiris A, Kumagai H. High-throughput 3D Spheroid Formation and Effective Cardiomyocyte Differentiation from Human iPS Cells Using the Microfabric Vessels EZSPHERE TM. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4203. [PMID: 34859118 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput 3D spheroid formation from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be easily performed using the unique microfabric vessels EZSPHERE, resulting in effective and large scale generation of differentiated cells such as cardiomyocytes or neurons. Such hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) or neurons are very useful in the fields of regenerative medicine or cell-based drug safety tests. Previous studies indicated that 3D spheroids arising from hiPSCs are effectively differentiated into high quality hiPSC-CMs by controlling Wnt signals through utilization of the microfabric vessels EZSPHERE. Here, we describe a simple and highly efficient protocol for generating a large number of uniformly sized hiPSC spheroids and inducing them for cardiac differentiation using the EZSPHERE. This method comprises the collection and dissociation of the spheroids from cardiac differentiation medium, in the middle stage of the whole cardiac differentiation process, and re-seeding the obtained single cells into the EZSPHERE to re-aggregate them into uniform hiPSC-CM spheroids with controlled size. This re-aggregation process promotes non-canonical Wnt signal-related cardiac development and improves the purity and maturity of the hiPSC-CMs generated. Graphic abstract: Overview of cardiac differentiation from iPSCs by spheroid formation and reaggregation using EZSPHERE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuaki Miwa
- Consumer Production Division, AGC Techno Glass Co., Ltd., Haibara-gun, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Alimjan Idiris
- Material Integration Laboratories, Technology General Division, AGC Inc., Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
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Malyarenko OS, Malyarenko TV, Usoltseva RV, Surits VV, Kicha AA, Ivanchina NV, Ermakova SP. Combined Anticancer Effect of Sulfated Laminaran from the Brown Alga Alaria angusta and Polyhydroxysteroid Glycosides from the Starfish Protoreaster lincki on 3D Colorectal Carcinoma HCT 116 Cell Line. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:540. [PMID: 34677439 PMCID: PMC8538801 DOI: 10.3390/md19100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent types of malignancy in the world. The search for new approaches of increasing the efficacy of cancer therapy is relevant. This work was aimed to study individual, combined anticancer effects, and molecular mechanism of action of sulfated laminaran AaLs of the brown alga Alaria angusta and protolinckiosides A (PL1), B (PL2), and linckoside L1 (L1) of the starfish Protoreaster lincki using a 3D cell culture model. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS), soft agar, 3D spheroids invasion, and Western blotting assays were performed to determine the effect and mechanism of the action of investigated compounds or their combinations on proliferation, colony formation, and the invasion of 3D HCT 116 spheroids. AaLs, PL1, PL2, and L1 individually inhibited viability, colony growth, and the invasion of 3D HCT 116 spheroids in a variable degree with greater activity of linckoside L1. AaLs in combination with L1 exerted synergism of a combined anticancer effect through the inactivation of protein kinase B (AKT) kinase and, consequently, the induction of apoptosis via the regulation of proapoptotic/antiapoptotic proteins balance. The obtained data about the efficacy of the combined anticancer effect of a laminaran derivative of brown algae and polyhydroxysteroid glycosides of starfish open up prospects for the development of new therapeutic approaches for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya S. Malyarenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 100-let Vladivostok Ave., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (T.V.M.); (R.V.U.); (V.V.S.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.I.); (S.P.E.)
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Li J, Fang K, Choppavarapu L, Yang K, Yang Y, Wang J, Cao R, Jatoi I, Jin VX. Hi-C profiling of cancer spheroids identifies 3D-growth-specific chromatin interactions in breast cancer endocrine resistance. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:175. [PMID: 34535185 PMCID: PMC8447690 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organoids or spheroids have emerged as a physiologically relevant in vitro preclinical model to study patient-specific diseases. A recent study used spheroids of MCF10 cells to model breast cancer progression and identified targetable alterations more similar to those in vivo. Thus, it is practical and essential to explore and characterize the spheroids of the commonly used human breast cancer (BC) cells. METHODS In this study, we conducted Hi-C analyses in three-dimensional (3D) spheroids of MCF10A, MCF7 and MCF7TR cells and compared TADs and looping genes with those in 2D monolayers. Furthermore, we performed in silico functional analysis on 3D-growth-specific looping genes and to compare patient outcomes with or without endocrinal therapy. Finally, we performed 3C/RT-qPCR validations in 3D spheroids and 3D-FISH confirmations in organoids of breast cancer patient tissues. RESULTS We found that chromatin structures have experienced drastic changes during the 3D culture growth of BC cells although there is not much change in the quantity of chromatin domains. We also observed that the strengths of looping genes were statistically different between 2D monolayers and 3D spheroids. We further identified novel 3D growth-specific looping genes within Hippo relevant pathways, of which two genes showed potential prognostic values in measuring the outcome of the endocrine treatment. We finally confirmed a few selected genes in Hippo relevant pathways with enhanced looping in organoids of breast cancer patient tissues. CONCLUSIONS Hence, our work has provided significant insights into our understanding of 3D-growth-specific chromatin architecture in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. Our analyses suggest that the strengthened looping-mediated Hippo relevant pathways may contribute to endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Kun Fang
- Program of Biomedical Engineering, UTHSA-UTSA Joint Graduate Program, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Lavanya Choppavarapu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yini Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Minimally Invasive Surgical Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junbai Wang
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital - Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0310, Montebello, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ruifeng Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Ismail Jatoi
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Victor X Jin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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