1
|
Zito P, Bekins BA, Martinović-Weigelt D, Harsha ML, Humpal KE, Trost J, Cozzarelli I, Mazzoleni LR, Schum SK, Podgorski DC. Photochemical mobilization of dissolved hydrocarbon oxidation products from petroleum contaminated soil into a shallow aquifer activate human nuclear receptors. J Hazard Mater 2023; 459:132312. [PMID: 37604033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Elevated non-volatile dissolved organic carbon (NVDOC) concentrations in groundwater (GW) monitoring wells under oil-contaminated hydrophobic soils originating from a pipeline rupture at the National Crude Oil Spill & Natural Attenuation Research Site near Bemidji, MN are documented. We hypothesized the elevated NVDOC is comprised of water-soluble photooxidation products transported from the surface to the aquifer. We use field and laboratory samples in combination with complementary analytical methods to test this hypothesis and determine the biological response to these products. Observations from optical spectroscopy and ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry reveal a significant correlation between the chemical composition of NVDOC leached from photochemically weathered soils and GW monitoring wells with high NVDOC concentrations measured in the aquifer beneath the contaminated soil. Conversely, the chemical composition from the uncontaminated soil photoleachate matches the NVDOC observed in the uncontaminated wells. Contaminated GW and photodissolution leachates from contaminated soil activated biological targets indicative of xenobiotic metabolism and exhibited potential for adverse effects. Newly formed hydrocarbon oxidation products (HOPs) from fresh oil could be distinguished from those downgradient. This study illustrates another pathway for dissolved HOPs to infiltrate GW and potentially affect human health and the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Zito
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Analysis Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.
| | | | | | - Maxwell L Harsha
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Analysis Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Katherine E Humpal
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Analysis Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Jared Trost
- US Geological Survey, Mounds View, MN 55112, USA
| | - Isabelle Cozzarelli
- US Geological Survey, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center, Reston, VA 20191, USA
| | - Lynn R Mazzoleni
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Advanced Resolution Methods Laboratory, Michigan Technological University, 1400, Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Simeon K Schum
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Advanced Resolution Methods Laboratory, Michigan Technological University, 1400, Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - David C Podgorski
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Analysis Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA; Pontchartrain Institute for Environmental Sciences, Shea Penland Coastal Education Research Facility, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA
| |
Collapse
|