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Outeiriño D, Costa-Trigo I, Ochogavias A, Pinheiro de Souza Oliveira R, Pérez Guerra N, Salgado JM, Domínguez JM. Biorefinery of brewery spent grain to obtain bioproducts with high value-added in the market. N Biotechnol 2024; 79:111-119. [PMID: 38158018 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The brewery industry is under economic and environmental pressure to minimize residual management costs, particularly brewery spent grain (BSG), which accounts for 80-85% (w/w) of the total by-products generated. BSG is a lignocellulosic material primarily composed of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Developing a biorefinery model for conversion of BSG into value-added products is a plausible idea. Previous work optimized the pretreatment of BSG with the ionic liquid [N1112OH][Gly] and further release of fermentable sugar-containing solutions by enzymatic hydrolysis, using an enzymatic cocktail obtained by solid-state fermentation of BSG with Aspergillus brasiliensis CECT 2700 and Trichoderma reesei CECT 2414. The current work ends the biorefinery process, studying the fermentation of these culture media with two LAB strains, Lactobacillus pentosus CECT 4023 and Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 221, from which the production of organic acids, bacteriocins, and microbial biosurfactants (mBS) was obtained. In addition to the bacteriocin activity observed, a mass balance of the whole biorefinery process quantified the production of 106.4 g lactic acid and 6.76 g mBS with L. plantarum and 116.1 g lactic acid and 4.65 g mBS with L. pentosus from 1 kg of dry BSG. Thus, BSG shows a great potential for waste valorization, playing a major role in the implementation of biomass biorefineries in circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Outeiriño
- Industrial Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering Group "BiotecnIA", Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Iván Costa-Trigo
- Industrial Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering Group "BiotecnIA", Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Aida Ochogavias
- Industrial Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering Group "BiotecnIA", Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Ricardo Pinheiro de Souza Oliveira
- Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo University, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl 16, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Nelson Pérez Guerra
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - José Manuel Salgado
- Industrial Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering Group "BiotecnIA", Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - José Manuel Domínguez
- Industrial Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering Group "BiotecnIA", Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), 32004 Ourense, Spain.
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Bieniek A, Reinmöller M, Küster F, Gräbner M, Jerzak W, Magdziarz A. Investigation and modelling of the pyrolysis kinetics of industrial biomass wastes. J Environ Manage 2022; 319:115707. [PMID: 35839650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis of the waste organic fraction is expected to be a central element to meet the primary energy demand in future: it increases the impact of renewable energy sources on the power generation sector and allows the amount of waste to be reduced, putting an end to landfills. In the present study, kinetic studies on the pyrolysis of biomass wastes are carried out. Two kinds of industrial organic waste are investigated: brewery spent grain (BSG) and medium-density fiberboard (MDF). The main target of this work is to provide a global equation for the one-step pyrolysis reaction of the investigated materials in an argon atmosphere using isoconversional methods. The conducted analysis allowed to estimate the activation energy as 225.4-253.6 kJ/mol for BSG and 197.9-216.7 kJ/mol for MDF. For both materials nth order reaction was proposed with reaction order of 7.69-8.70 for BSG and 6.32-6.55 for MDF. The developed equation allowed to simulate the theoretical curves of thermal conversion. These curves indicated the highest conversion at the temperature of the degradation of dominant component, which was experimentally verified. By this method, a one-step kinetic model is derived, which can be applied for the reaction kinetics in the CFD modelling of, e.g., pyrolysis and gasification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Bieniek
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Markus Reinmöller
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Engineering Technology, Lautrupvang 15, 2750, Ballerup, Denmark; Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Energy Process Engineering and Chemical Engineering (IEC), Fuchsmühlenweg 9 D, 09599, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Felix Küster
- Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Energy Process Engineering and Chemical Engineering (IEC), Fuchsmühlenweg 9 D, 09599, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Martin Gräbner
- Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Energy Process Engineering and Chemical Engineering (IEC), Fuchsmühlenweg 9 D, 09599, Freiberg, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems (IMWS), Circular Carbon Technologies Branch, Walter-Hülse-Strasse 1, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Wojciech Jerzak
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059, Cracow, Poland
| | - Aneta Magdziarz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059, Cracow, Poland
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Szaja A, Montusiewicz A, Lebiocka M, Bis M. A combined anaerobic digestion system for energetic brewery spent grain application in co-digestion with a sewage sludge. Waste Manag 2021; 135:448-456. [PMID: 34624743 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a combined technology for energetic brewery spent grain (BSG) use in co-digestion with sewage sludge (SS) was presented. A holistic approach that includes the impact of co-substrates and their carriers on the anaerobic digestion (AD) process, and the energetic aspects, was involved. Prior to AD, BSG was pretreated involving the hydrodynamic cavitation (HC); two different carriers were applied: MPW (municipal pre-settled wastewater) and mature landfill leachate (MLL). An orifice plate with a conical concentric hole of 3/10 mm (inlet/outlet diameter) was applied as cavitation device. The initial pressure was 7 bar and the number of recirculation passes through the cavitation zone was 30. The AD experiments were performed in semi-flow reactors, under mesophilic conditions at HRT of 20 and 21 d. In both co-digestion series, the constant co-substrate dose of 6% v/v was adopted. In the presence of cavitated BSG and MPW, a significant increase in biogas/methane production was provided as compared to SS mono-digestion, with the related improvement in kinetic constant by 3.5%. The average biogas yield was 0.48 ± 0.03 m3 kg-1 VS added, while in the control run 0.41 ± 0.03 m3 kg-1 VS added. Using cavitated BSG and MLL, such a beneficial effect was not observed. In both co-digestion series, slightly lower VS removal (as for the control) and stable process performance occurred. Moreover, the improved energy balance was provided. Due to the technological aspects, only co-digestion of cavitated BSG and MPW with SS is recommended for implementation into a full-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Szaja
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Nadbystrzycka 40 B, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Montusiewicz
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Nadbystrzycka 40 B, Poland
| | - Magdalena Lebiocka
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Nadbystrzycka 40 B, Poland
| | - Marta Bis
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Nadbystrzycka 40 B, Poland
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Naibaho J, Korzeniowska M. The variability of physico-chemical properties of brewery spent grain from 8 different breweries. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06583. [PMID: 33869835 PMCID: PMC8035523 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to identify the differences in brewer's spent grains, which were collected from eight breweries for their physicochemical properties. The spent grains were dried until they reached stable weights, grounded to pass through a 385-μm sieve, vacuum-packed in nontransparent packaging, and kept in room temperature conditions for further analysis. The physicochemical properties, including proximate, color, water activity, water-holding capacity, oil-holding capacity, and density were evaluated. The results showed some differences in all measured quality parameters between all eight different spent barley grain samples. A similar pattern was noted in some properties studied. Hence, mathematical modeling of these studied properties should be undertaken with further qualities, such as fiber composition, mechanical properties, and thermal stability.
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Costa RB, Bevilaqua D, Lens PNL. Pre-treatment and temperature effects on the use of slow release electron donor for biological sulfate reduction. J Environ Manage 2020; 275:111216. [PMID: 32858270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic materials can be used as slow release electron donor (SRED) for biological sulfate reduction, potentially enhancing the subsequent metal sulfide precipitation. Lignocellulosic materials require a pre-treatment step in other biotechnological applications, but pre-treatment strategies for its use as a SRED for biological sulfate reduction have not yet been tested. Three pre-treatments strategies (mechanical, acid, and mechanical followed by acid pre-treatment) were tested to enhance electron donor release from brewery spent grain (BSG), and compared to a non-pre-treated control. Mechanical pre-treatment provided the highest sulfate removal rate (82.8 ± 8.8 mg SO42-.(g TVS.day)-1), as well as the highest final sulfide concentration (441.0 ± 34.4 mg.L-1) at mesophilic conditions. BSG submitted to mechanical pre-treatment was also assessed under psychrophilic and thermophilic conditions. Under mesophilic and psychrophilic conditions, both sulfate reduction and methane production occurred. Under psychrophilic conditions, the sulfate reduction rate was lower (25 ± 2.0 mg SO42-.(g TVS.day)-1), and the sulfide formation depended on lactate addition. A metal precipitation assay was conducted to assess whether the use of SRED enhances metal recovery. Zinc precipitation and recovery with chemical or biogenic sulfide from the BSG batches were tested. Sulfide was provided in a single spike or slowly added, mimicking the effect of SRED. ZnS was formed in all conditions, but better settling particles were obtained when sulfide was slowly added, regardless of the sulfide source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel B Costa
- National University of Ireland, University Road, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland; Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, R. Francisco Degni, 55, 14800-060, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Denise Bevilaqua
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, R. Francisco Degni, 55, 14800-060, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Piet N L Lens
- National University of Ireland, University Road, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
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Szaja A, Montusiewicz A. Enhancing the co-digestion efficiency of sewage sludge and cheese whey using brewery spent grain as an additional substrate. Bioresour Technol 2019; 291:121863. [PMID: 31376664 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the influence of the application of brewery spent grain (BSG) on biogas production efficiency as well as its kinetics in the co-digestion of acid cheese whey (ACW) and sewage sludge (SS). The experiment was conducted in semi-flow anaerobic reactors under mesophilic conditions (35 °C) with different hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 16.7 d, 18 d and 20 d. The results indicate that the addition of BSG significantly enhanced the biogas yields, ensuring good process stability. The highest value of 0.54 m3 kg-1 VSadded was obtained at HRT of 16.7 d, while for ACW and SS it was only 0.50 m3 kg-1 VSadded at HRT 18 d. However, the decrease in the rate constant k occurred (0.07 h-1) as compared to the two-component system (0.096 h-1). The highest energy profit of 160% was enhanced for the three-substrate co-digestion, indicating it as a cost-effective solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Szaja
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Nadbystrzycka 40 B, Poland.
| | - A Montusiewicz
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Nadbystrzycka 40 B, Poland
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Canedo MS, de Paula FG, da Silva FA, Vendruscolo F. Protein enrichment of brewery spent grain from Rhizopus oligosporus by solid-state fermentation. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:1105-13. [PMID: 26984742 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1587-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Brewery spent grain represents approximately 85 % of total by-products generated in a brewery. Consisting of carbohydrates, fiber, minerals and low amounts of protein, the use of brewery spent grain is limited to the feeding of ruminants; however, its potential use should be investigated. The reuse of this by-product using microorganisms by solid-state fermentation process as the case of protein enrichment by single-cell protein incorporation is an alternative to ensure sustainability and generate commercially interesting products. In this context, the aim of this study was to grow Rhizopus oligosporus in brewery spent grain under different initial moisture contents and nitrogen sources to increase the protein content of the fermented material. After 7 days of fermentation, increase of 2-4 times in the crude protein and soluble protein content was verified, respectively, compared to unfermented brewery spent grain. The kinetics of protein enrichment demonstrated the possibility of application of this technique, which can be a great alternative for use in diets for animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianny Silva Canedo
- Escola de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Caixa Postal 131, Goiânia, GO, CEP 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gomes de Paula
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Caixa Postal 131, Goiânia, GO, CEP 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Flávio Alves da Silva
- Escola de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Caixa Postal 131, Goiânia, GO, CEP 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Francielo Vendruscolo
- Escola de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Caixa Postal 131, Goiânia, GO, CEP 74.690-900, Brazil.
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Čater M, Fanedl L, Malovrh Š, Marinšek Logar R. Biogas production from brewery spent grain enhanced by bioaugmentation with hydrolytic anaerobic bacteria. Bioresour Technol 2015; 186:261-269. [PMID: 25836034 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic substrates are widely available but not easily applied in biogas production due to their poor anaerobic degradation. The effect of bioaugmentation by anaerobic hydrolytic bacteria on biogas production was determined by the biochemical methane potential assay. Microbial biomass from full scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating brewery wastewater was a source of active microorganisms and brewery spent grain a model lignocellulosic substrate. Ruminococcus flavefaciens 007C, Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans Mz5(T), Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 and Clostridium cellulovorans as pure and mixed cultures were used to enhance the lignocellulose degradation and elevate the biogas production. P. xylanivorans Mz5(T) was the most successful in elevating methane production (+17.8%), followed by the coculture of P. xylanivorans Mz5(T) and F. succinogenes S85 (+6.9%) and the coculture of C. cellulovorans and F. succinogenes S85 (+4.9%). Changes in microbial community structure were detected by fingerprinting techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Čater
- Division of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Lijana Fanedl
- Division of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Špela Malovrh
- Division of Animal Breeding Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Romana Marinšek Logar
- Division of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia.
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