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Wu LJ, Li XX, Ye F, Liu YX, Yang F, Zhou Q, Lyu YK. Ammonia stripping by in situ biogas self-circulation to upgrade continuous thermophilic and mesophilic digestion of hydrothermal high-solid sludge. Bioresour Technol 2024:130797. [PMID: 38705214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
High-solid anaerobic digestion of hydrothermal sewage sludge has been developed. In order to upgrade the process by focusing on ammonia inhibition, a simply-equipped stripping system without additional alkali or heat supply was introduced by in situ biogas self-circulation. As the determined limit of total ammonia nitrogen at 1500 mg/L and 1000 mg/L for the mesophilic (MAD) and thermophilic anaerobic digestion (TAD) respectively and stripping rate at 5 L/min, continuous MAD and TAD was conducted in parallel. The stripping system successfully polished up the ammonia inhibition, and methanogenic capability of the TAD was promoted to approximately 90.0 % of the potential. Intermittent stripping mode proved usable. More frequent stripping was inevitable for the TAD as compared to the MAD. Hydraulic retention time below 20 d resulted in failure of the stripping mode due to rapid ammonia generation. Overall, this technology was practical in upgrading high-solid sludge digestion by effective ammonia control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xiao-Xiao Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi, China
| | - Fei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Yong-Kang Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
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2
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Hassan N, Lezy J, Parmentier D, Van Hulle SWH. Electrocoagulation flotation as a municipal wastewater (pre-)treatment technology: Effect of weather conditions and current density. J Environ Manage 2023; 345:118906. [PMID: 37660424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) is a promising compact alternative technology, despite its viability in municipal wastewater treatment (MWWT) is currently challenged by its energy-intensive and batch-mode operation. This study introduces an innovative continuous electrocoagulation flotation (ECF) design for MWWT. ECF shows promising pollutant removal efficiencies, with identical results using both iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) anodes. At a current density (CD) of 120 A/m2, it achieved significant removals: 90% tCOD, 98% TP, 94% TSS, 60% BOD5, and 40% TN. Designed ECF is proposed as a pre-treatment step due to limited TN removal. The study investigated optimal ECF performance under varying weather conditions using CD ranges of 40, 80, and 120 A/m2. Both Fe and Al ECF outperformed in treating rainy weather (RW) and dry weather (DW) municipal wastewater (MWW). However, Al anode's super-faradaic behavior resulted in higher residual concentrations in effluent, (i.e., an average of 6.53-33.7 mg/L), and operational costs compared to Fe ECF. Optimized Fe ECF setting needs to be changed depending in the weather variation. Fe ECF achieved high removal rates for tCOD (94%) and TP (95%) in RW MWW at a low CD of 40 A/m2. Comparative to this, the optimum CD for treated DW MWW was between 40 and 80 A/m2, removing tCOD (71-73%) and TP (85-95%). Specifically, at these conditions, the operational expenses were respectively 0.47 ± 0.03 €/m3 (RW MWW), and 0.37 ± 0.02 €/m3 to 0.81 ± 0.04 €/m3 (DW MWW). Moreover, ECF enables resource recovery and a circular economy through anaerobic sludge digestion, with Fe ECF generating more biogas than Al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Hassan
- Laboratory for Industrial Water and Ecotechnology (LIWET), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Sint-Martens-Latemlaan 2B/5, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium; Environmental Science Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh.
| | - Jente Lezy
- Laboratory for Industrial Water and Ecotechnology (LIWET), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Sint-Martens-Latemlaan 2B/5, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium; Hello water, Kastanjeboomstraat 13, 8550, Zwevegem, Belgium
| | - Dries Parmentier
- Laboratory for Industrial Water and Ecotechnology (LIWET), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Sint-Martens-Latemlaan 2B/5, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium; Noah Water Solutions bvba, Burchtweg 7, B-9890, Gavere, Belgium
| | - Stijn Wim Henk Van Hulle
- Laboratory for Industrial Water and Ecotechnology (LIWET), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Sint-Martens-Latemlaan 2B/5, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
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Benekos AK, Vasiliadou IA, Tekerlekopoulou AG, Alexandropoulou M, Pavlou S, Katsaounis A, Vayenas DV. Groundwater denitrification using a continuous flow mode hybrid system combining a hydrogenotrophic biofilter and an electrooxidation cell. J Environ Manage 2023; 339:117914. [PMID: 37086640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
An attached-growth continuous flow hydrogenotrophic denitrification system was investigated for groundwater treatment. Two bench-scale packed-bed reactors were used in series, without external pH adjustment or carbon source addition, while inorganic carbonate salts already contained in the groundwater were the sole carbon source used by the denitrifying bacteria. The hydrogen was produced by water electrolysis using renewable energy sources thus minimizing resource-draining factors of the treatment process. The biofilter was subjected to a combination of three groundwater retention times (13.5, 27 and 54 min, corresponding to 20, 10 and 5 mL min-1 inlet water flow rates) and two hydrogen flow values (10 and 20 mL min-1) to evaluate its efficiency under different operating parameters. In all cases, significant nitrate percentage removals were achieved, ranged between 64.1% and 100%. The treatment process appears to slow down with lower retention times and H2 flow rate values, although residual nitrate concentrations were always in the range of 0-5.1 mg L-1, values below the maximum permitted limit of 11.3 mg L-1. In cases where nitrite accumulation was detected, a continuous flow electrochemical oxidation process with three different current density values (5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 mA cm-2) was examined as a post-treatment step aiming to completely remove the toxic nitrite anions. Finally, an advanced mathematical model of the attached growth hydrogenotrophic denitrification process was developed to predict concentrations of all the substrates examined in the bio-filter (nitrate, nitrite, inorganic carbon and hydrogen).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas K Benekos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Ioanna A Vasiliadou
- Department of Civil Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-67100, Xanthi, Greece.
| | | | - Maria Alexandropoulou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., Platani, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Stavros Pavlou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., Platani, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Alexandros Katsaounis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitris V Vayenas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Rio, GR-26504, Patras, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., Platani, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
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4
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Ma L, Yan C, Feng C, Qiao Y, Huang J, Fang Q, Zhang C. Experimental investigation on self-sustained smouldering of food-processing sludge with extremely high moisture content: From laboratory-scale to pilot-scale volumetric scale-up. Waste Manag 2023; 158:13-22. [PMID: 36623405 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although smouldering of solid waste with high moisture has shown strong promise in laboratory studies, there are fewer reports about the larger-scale device and continuous operation. This work studies a self-sustaining smouldering treatment of food-processing sludge (FPS) with extremely high moisture (over 85 %) in laboratory- and pilot-scale devices. Results from laboratory-scale experiments show that adding auxiliary fuel is necessary to maintain FPS self-sustaining smouldering, Sand: FPS: Sawdust = 25:5:1 is a reasonable mixing ratio. Then, the self-sustaining smouldering is volumetrically scaled up to the pilot-scale. The smouldering asynchrony in the feedstock is observed due to the non-uniform air flux. Compared to the laboratory-scale, the pilot-scale device presents a similar temperature level but a higher smouldering velocity. Furthermore, a continuous process in the pilot-scale device is successfully performed, and the flue gas concentrations are measured: 15.0 ∼ 16.5 % for O2, 4000 ∼ 5500 ppm for CO, 155 ∼ 195 ppm for NOx, 210 ∼ 250 ppm for VOCs, 55 ∼ 70 ppm for SO2, 0.0138 ∼ 0.0317 ngTEQ/m3 (at 11 % O2) for dioxin. These studied results can provide useful information for continuous, low-energy solid waste treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Chao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Chao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Jingchun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Qingyan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
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5
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Wang F, Liu SS, Feng Z, Fu H, Wang M, Wang P, Liu W, Wang CC. High-efficient peroxymonosulfate activation for rapid atrazine degradation by FeS x@MoS 2 derived from MIL-88A(Fe). J Hazard Mater 2022; 440:129723. [PMID: 35969948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
FeSx@MoS2-x (FM-x, x implied real Mo/Fe content ratios) in which FeSx derived from MIL-88A deposited on the surface of MoS2 with a tight heterogeneous interface were synthesized for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to degrade atrazine (ATZ). The catalytic performance of FM-0.96 was greatly improved due to the rapid regeneration of Fe2+ resulting from the interfacial interaction. FM-0.96 could completely degrade 10.0 mg/L ATZ within 1.0 min, and the toxicities for most of its intermediates were greatly reduced. The k value of FM-0.96 was 320 and 40 times higher than that of the MoS2 and FeSx, respectively. The SO4·-, ·OH and 1O2 were mainly responsible for ATZ degradation in FM-0.96/PMS system, and the conversion pathway of 1O2 was analyzed. Furthermore, the long-term continuous operation for ATZ degradation was achieved using a fixed membrane reactor. This work provides deep insights into metal sulfide composites derived from metal-organic frameworks for removing pollutants by activating PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China; Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Shan-Shan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China; Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Ziyue Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China; Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Huifen Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China; Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China.
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China; Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China; Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Wen Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Chong-Chen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China; Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China.
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6
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Wang CC, Ren X, Wang P, Chang C. The state of the art review on photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction over MOFs-based photocatalysts: From batch experiment to continuous operation. Chemosphere 2022; 303:134949. [PMID: 35577127 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This state of the art review presented the photocatalytic reduction from highly toxic Cr(VI) to lowly toxic Cr(III) with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their composites. The construction of composites facilitated the transportation of the photo-induced charges to enhance the Cr(VI) reduction, in which the corresponding mechanisms were clarified by both experimental tests and DFT calculations. The immobilized MOFs onto some substrates accomplished continuous operations toward Cr(VI) reduction even under real solar light. As well, the environmental applications of the Cr(VI) reduction were analyzed, in which the influence factors toward the Cr(VI) reduction were clarified. This review reported that a big breakthrough was achieved from the batch experiment to the continuous operation for Cr(VI) reduction, in which MOFs demonstrated a bright prospective in the field of photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Chen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China; Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Xueying Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China; Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China; Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Cheng Chang
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
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Xie J, Zhang C, David Waite T. Integrated flow anodic oxidation and ultrafiltration system for continuous defluorination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Water Res 2022; 216:118319. [PMID: 35339051 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
While flow anodic oxidation systems can efficiently generate hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and significantly enhance direct electron transfer (DET) processes that result in the oxidation of target contaminants via the charge percolating network of flow anode particles, challenges remain in constructing a flow anodic oxidation system that can be operated continuously with stable performance. Here we incorporate an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane module into the flow anodic oxidation system and achieve the continuous defluorination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) for 12 days with high efficiency (94.1%) and reasonable energy consumption (38.1 Wh mg-1) compared to other advanced oxidation processes by using a mixture of conducting TixO2x-1 and Pd/CNT particles as the flow anode. The results indicate that DET, ·OH mediated oxidation and adsorption processes play critical roles in the degradation of PFOA during the flow anodic oxidation processes. The synergistic effect of the TixO2x-1 and Pd/CNT particles enhances the defluorination efficiency by 3.2 times at 4.5 V vs Ag/AgCl compared to the control experiment (no flow anode particles present) and promotes the release of F- into solution while other intermediate products remain adsorbed to the surface of the Pd/CNT particles. Although the Pd/CNT particles were oxidized after the long-term operation, no obvious Pd ion leakage into solution was observed. Results of this study support the feasibility of continuous operation of a flow anode/UF system with stable performance and pave the way for the translation of this advanced oxidation technology to practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzhou Xie
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Changyong Zhang
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies, Yixing, Jiangsu Province 214206, P R China.
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8
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Fan G, Song Y, Xia M, You Y, Zou J, Wei Q. Photocatalytic inactivation of algae in a fluidized bed photoreactor with an external magnetic field. J Environ Manage 2022; 307:114552. [PMID: 35065381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Practical applications of photocatalysis in algae removal often involve the use of photoreactors, which can be of many different configurations. In this study, a fluidized bed photoreactor (FBPR) with an external magnetic field was designed and constructed to achieve algae inactivation continuously and stably. Magnetic photocatalyst ZnFe2O4/Ag3PO4/g-C3N4 attached to Fe3O4 aggregate, was dispersed and fixed at the bottom of the reactor to form a flower-like structure, which can not only increase the effective irradiation area of the photocatalyst, but also enhances mass transfer by inducing flow disturbance. Under the optimal operating conditions, i.e., 0.04 m/s flow rate, 200 mT magnetic field strength, and 0.025 g photocatalyst loading, the photoreactor can effectively remove algae cells within 6 h. During the continuous operation experiment, the quality of the magnetic photocatalyst and aggregate did not decrease significantly, and there was still a 90% removal efficiency after 18 h of continuous operation. Furthermore, in the experiment where humic acid was added to simulate actual water environment, certain advantages can still be observed with the FBPR. As a continuous reactor using a magnetic photocatalyst, the FBPR has the characteristics of high availability, low cost, and low energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongduan Fan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Yiqing Song
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Mingqian Xia
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fujian, China.
| | - Yifan You
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Jianyong Zou
- Anhui Urban Construction Design Institute Co. Ltd., 230051, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Wei
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fujian, China
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Zhang C, Wu L, Ma J, Wang M, Sun J, Waite TD. Evaluation of long-term performance of a continuously operated flow-electrode CDI system for salt removal from brackish waters. Water Res 2020; 173:115580. [PMID: 32065937 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI), one of the most popular CDI variants, possesses a number of advantages over conventional fixed-electrode CDI (e.g., large salt adsorption capacity, high flow efficiency and convenient management of the electrodes), challenges remain in constructing and operating an FCDI system such that it can operate continuously. Here we achieve effective continuous removal of salt from a brackish feed stream using flowing carbon electrodes which are regenerated in a closed-loop manner by using our previously introduced integrated FCDI/MF strategy. The performance of the FCDI/MF system is characterized over a two week period of operation with key factors influencing the desalination performance identified. Results show that the FCDI/MF system is capable of continuously desalinating brackish water (∼2 g L-1) to portable levels (<0.5 g L-1) whilst sustaining an extraordinary water recovery rate (∼92%) and relatively low energy consumption (∼0.5 kWh m-3). No obvious deterioration in performance or membrane fouling was observed during the 14-day operation. While the carbon particles used in the flow electrode exhibited only a minor increase in oxygen-containing groups over the 14 days of operation, a significant reduction in particle size was observed, likely as a consequence of the high-frequency collisions and associated friction between particles that occurred in the FCDI/MF system. Further studies regarding flowable electrode optimization, cell configuration design and process modelling are needed in order to realize the scale-up and practical implementation of this emerging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyong Zhang
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Lei Wu
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Jinxing Ma
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Min Wang
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Jingyi Sun
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies, Yixing, Jiangsu Province, 214206, PR China.
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10
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Cruz Del Álamo A, Pariente MI, Martínez F, Molina R. Trametes versicolor immobilized on rotating biological contactors as alternative biological treatment for the removal of emerging concern micropollutants. Water Res 2020; 170:115313. [PMID: 31770646 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
White rot fungi have been studied for the removal of micropollutants of emerging concern from wastewater during the last decade. However, several issues need to be overcome for its plausible implementation at full-scale installations such as the addition of supplementary substrates, the partial re-inoculation of fresh fungi or the use of extended hydraulic retention times. This work proposes the immobilization of Trametes versicolor on rotating biological contactors at bench scale (flowrates of 10 L/d and reactor capacity of 10 L) for the treatment of different urban wastewater. This type of bioreactor achieved remarkable reductions of the total organic carbon loading of the wastewater (70-75%) in a wide range of C:N and C:P ratios with limited addition of supplementary substrates, non-refreshment of the fungal biomass and only 1-day of hydraulic retention. The addition of gallic acid as quinone-like mediator and quelated iron and manganese complexes increased the removal of pharmaceutical micropollutants mediated by the so-called advanced bio-oxidation process. The immobilization of Trametes versicolor on rotating biological contactors also showed a remarkable stabilization of the fungi during the continuous treatment of different urban wastewater under non-sterile conditions. Thus, this system is a sound alternative for biological urban wastewater treatment with pharmaceutical removal because overcome all the problems usually associated with the water treatment technologies based on white rot fungi that makes difficult the scaling-up of the process and its implementation in full scale wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cruz Del Álamo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology. ESCET. Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - M I Pariente
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology. ESCET. Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Martínez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology. ESCET. Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Molina
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology. ESCET. Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Peinemann JC, Pleissner D. Continuous pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation of organic residues for the production of biochemicals. Bioresour Technol 2020; 295:122256. [PMID: 31645308 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural residues pose a valuable resource. Through microbial fermentations, a variety of products can be obtained, ranging from fuels to platform chemicals. Depending on the nature of the organic residue, pretreatment and hydrolysis are needed prior to fermentation in order to release fermentable sugars. Continuous set-ups are common for the production of methane or ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass, however, this does not apply for the fermentative generation of biochemicals, an approach that conserves chemical functionality present in biomass. Certainly, continuous set-ups could beneficially contribute to bioeconomy by providing techniques allowing the production of biochemicals in a sustainable and efficient way. This review summarizes research conducted on the continuous pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass, and particularly towards the production of the biobased molecules: Succinic and lactic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Christoph Peinemann
- Sustainable Chemistry (Resource Efficiency), Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, C13.203, Lüneburg 21335, Germany
| | - Daniel Pleissner
- Sustainable Chemistry (Resource Efficiency), Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, C13.203, Lüneburg 21335, Germany; Institute for Food and Environmental Research e.V., Papendorfer Weg 3, Bad Belzig 14806, Germany.
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12
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Zou R, Angelidaki I, Jin B, Zhang Y. Feasibility and applicability of the scaling-up of bio-electro-Fenton system for textile wastewater treatment. Environ Int 2020; 134:105352. [PMID: 31778935 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Textile wastewater entering natural water bodies could cause serious environment and health issues. Bio-electro-Fenton (BEF) as an efficient and energy saving wastewater treatment technology has recently attracted widespread attention. So far, there is no research available on the scaling-up of BEF process. In this work, an innovative 20 L up-scaled BEF system was constructed for the treatment of methylene blue (MB) containing wastewater. The system was first tested in batch mode. The results showed that the system performance was majorly related to the operating parameters including initial MB concentration, catholyte pH and concentration, cathodic aeration rate, Fe2+ dosage, and applied voltage. At the optimal condition, 20 mg L-1 of MB was efficiently removed following the apparent first order kinetics. The corresponding rate constants for the decolorization and mineralization were 0.68 and 0.20 h-1, respectively. Furthermore, MB decolorization efficiency of 99% and mineralization efficiency of 74% were observed when the hydraulic retention time was 28 h in continuous mode. This work demonstrates the scaling-up potential of BEF for recalcitrant wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusen Zou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Biao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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13
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Guerrero C, Valdivia F, Ubilla C, Ramírez N, Gómez M, Aburto C, Vera C, Illanes A. Continuous enzymatic synthesis of lactulose in packed-bed reactor with immobilized Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase. Bioresour Technol 2019; 278:296-302. [PMID: 30708333 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lactulose synthesis from fructose and lactose in continuous packed-bed reactor operation with glyoxyl-agarose immobilized Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase is reported for the first time. Alternative strategies to conventional batch synthesis have been scarcely explored for lactulose synthesis. The effect of flow rate, substrates ratio and biocatalyst-inert packing material mass ratio (MB/MIM) were studied on reactor performance. Increase in any of these variables produced an increase in lactulose yield (YLu) being higher than obtained in batch synthesis at comparable conditions. Maximum YLu of 0.6 g·g-1 was obtained at 50 °C, pH 4.5, 50% w/w total sugars, 15 mL·min-1, fructose/lactose molar ratio of 12 and MB/MIM of 1/8 g·g-1; at such conditions yield of transgalactosylated oligosaccharides (YTOS) was 0.16 g·g-1, selectivity (lactulose/TOS molar ratio) was 5.4 and lactose conversion (XLactose) was 28%. Reactor operation with recycle had no significant effect on yield, producing only some decrease in productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Guerrero
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Felipe Valdivia
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Claudia Ubilla
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Nicolás Ramírez
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Matías Gómez
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carla Aburto
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carlos Vera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Illanes
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Valparaíso, Chile
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14
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Fernandes AC, Petersen B, Møller L, Gernaey KV, Krühne U. Caught in-between: System for in-flow inactivation of enzymes as an intermediary step in "plug-and-play" microfluidic platforms. N Biotechnol 2018; 47:39-49. [PMID: 29684658 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The need for fast and comprehensive characterization of biocatalysts has pushed the development of new screening platforms based on microfluidics, capable of monitoring several parameters simultaneously, with new configurations of liquid handling, sample treatment and sensing. Modular microfluidics allows the integration of these newly developed approaches in a more flexible way towards increasing applicability of the microfluidic chips to different types of biocatalysts and reactions. A highly relevant operation in such a system is biocatalyst inactivation, which can enable the precise control of reaction time by avoiding the continuation of the reaction in another module or connecting tubes. Such control is important when different modules of reactors and/or sensing units are used and changed frequently. Here we describe the development, characterization and application of a module for rapid enzyme inactivation. The thermal inactivation platform developed is compared with a standard benchtop ThermoMixer in terms of inactivation efficiency for glucose oxidase and catalase. A higher activity loss was observed for enzyme inactivation under flow conditions (inactivation achieved at 120 s residence time at 338 K and 20 s residence time at 353 K) which indicated a high heat transfer to the fluid under dynamic conditions. Moreover, partial deactivation of the enzymes was observed for the continuous thermal inactivation module, when activity measurements were performed after 1 and 2 days following inactivation. The thermal inactivation unit presented can be easily integrated into modular microfluidic platforms and can be a useful addition for enzyme characterization and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Fernandes
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Benjamin Petersen
- Kemiteknik Workshop, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars Møller
- Kemiteknik Workshop, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Krist V Gernaey
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Krühne
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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15
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Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Lee DJ, Li G, Zhou X, Jiang D, Xu B, Lu C, Li Y, Ge X. Sequential dark and photo fermentation hydrogen production from hydrolyzed corn stover: A pilot test using 11 m 3 reactor. Bioresour Technol 2018; 253:382-386. [PMID: 29329776 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pilot tests of sequential dark and photo fermentation H2 production were for the first time conducted in a 11 m3 reactor (3 m3 for dark and 8 m3 for photo compartments). A combined solar and light-emitting diode illumination system and a thermal controlling system was installed and tested. With dark fermentation unit maintained at pH 4.5 and 35 °C and photo fermentation unit at pH 7.0 and 30 °C, the overall biogas production rate using hydrolyzed corn stover as substrate reached 87.8 ± 3.8 m3/d with 68% H2 content, contributed by dark unit at 7.5 m3-H2/m3-d and by photo unit at 4.7 m3/m3-d. Large variation was noted for H2 production rate in different compartments of the tested units, revealing the adverse effects of poor mixing, washout, and other inhomogeneity associated with large reactor operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanguo Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.
| | - Gang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xuehua Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Danping Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chaoyang Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yameng Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xumeng Ge
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA
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16
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Ren HY, Kong F, Ma J, Zhao L, Xie GJ, Xing D, Guo WQ, Liu BF, Ren NQ. Continuous energy recovery and nutrients removal from molasses wastewater by synergistic system of dark fermentation and algal culture under various fermentation types. Bioresour Technol 2018; 252:110-117. [PMID: 29306713 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Synergistic system of dark fermentation and algal culture was initially operated at batch mode to investigate the energy production and nutrients removal from molasses wastewater in butyrate-type, ethanol-type and propionate-type fermentations. Butyrate-type fermentation was the most appropriate fermentation type for the synergistic system and exhibited the accumulative hydrogen volume of 658.3 mL L-1 and hydrogen yield of 131.7 mL g-1 COD. By-products from dark fermentation (mainly acetate and butyrate) were further used to cultivate oleaginous microalgae. The maximum algal biomass and lipid content reached 1.01 g L-1 and 38.5%, respectively. In continuous operation, the synergistic system was stable and efficient, and energy production increased from 8.77 kJ L-1 d-1 (dark fermentation) to 17.3 kJ L-1 d-1 (synergistic system). Total COD, TN and TP removal efficiencies in the synergistic system reached 91.1%, 89.1% and 85.7%, respectively. This study shows the potential of the synergistic system in energy recovery and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Fanying Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Guo-Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Defeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wan-Qian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Bing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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17
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Wang Z, Lim CJ, Grace JR, Li H, Parise MR. Effects of temperature and particle size on biomass torrefaction in a slot-rectangular spouted bed reactor. Bioresour Technol 2017; 244:281-288. [PMID: 28780261 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Sawdust particles of different sizes (0.25-0.5, 0.5-1.0 and 1.0-2.0mm) were torrefied in a continuous slot-rectangular spouted bed reactor. The effects of particle size and temperature were investigated on the properties of the torrefied product, such as proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, HHV, skeletal density, and energy yield. Temperature was the most important variable in the torrefaction process. Increasing the particle size led to more weight loss of sawdust and increased mass of the torrefied product remaining in the reactor. The ash content evolution of the torrefied product showed that its properties approached a steady state within 20min. The reduction in Sauter mean particles size was up to 20.3% and 28.2% for 0.25-0.5mm and 0.5-1.0mm sawdust, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziliang Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - C Jim Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - John R Grace
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Maria Regina Parise
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology - Parana, Monteiro Lobato Avenue, km 04, Ponta Grossa, PR 84016-210, Brazil
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18
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Hidalgo D, Tommasi T, Velayutham K, Ruggeri B. Long term testing of Microbial Fuel Cells: Comparison of different anode materials. Bioresour Technol 2016; 219:37-44. [PMID: 27475329 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the long term operation and testing of three Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) having three different anode materials: commercial carbon felt (C-FELT), polyaniline-deposited carbon felt (C-PANI) and carbon-coated Berl saddles (C-SADDLES). A mixed consortium from seawater was used as inoculum and acetate was used as substrate. Tests were conducted for four months under 1000Ω external load. The maximum power generation was obtained by C-SADDLES (102mWm(-2)) followed by C-FELT and C-PANI, respectively. A similar trend was obtained with the evaluation of electrical energy produced: C-SADDLES (2222J), C-PANI (2183J) and C-FELT (2114J). However, the performance of C-PANI decreased over time, most evidently due to degradation or deactivation of deposited polyaniline by the microorganisms' activity. These results provide evidence that the three-dimensional structure, C-SADDLES, offers excellent biocompatibility, high specific surface area, high conductivity and most importantly these properties are maintained for a long period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hidalgo
- Center for Sustainable Futures, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, C.so Trento 21, 10129 Torino, Italy; Applied Science and Technology Department, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - T Tommasi
- Center for Sustainable Futures, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, C.so Trento 21, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - K Velayutham
- Applied Science and Technology Department, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; Department of Applied Science and Technology, Environmental Management Laboratory, A.C. Tech, Anna University, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Ruggeri
- Applied Science and Technology Department, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
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19
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Zhou X, Guo H, Li Z, Zhao J, Yun Y. Experimental study on the disinfection efficiencies of a continuous-flow ultrasound/ultraviolet baffled reactor. Ultrason Sonochem 2015; 27:81-86. [PMID: 26186823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A self-designed continuous-flow ultrasound/ultraviolet (US/UV) baffled reactor was tested in this work, and the disinfection efficiency of secondary effluent from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was investigated in terms of the different locations of ultrasonic transducers inside the reactor under similar input power densities and specific energy consumptions. Results demonstrated that the two-stage simultaneous US/UV irradiation in both chambers 2 and 3 at a flow rate of 1200 L/h performed excellent disinfection efficiency. It achieved an average feacal coliforms concentration of 201±78 colony forming unit (CFU)/L in the effluent and an average of (4.24±0.26) log10 reduction. Thereafter, 8 days of continuous operation was performed under such a condition. A total of 31 samples were taken, and all the samples were analyzed in triplicate for feacal coliforms analysis. Experimental results showed that feacal coliforms concentrations remained at about 347±174 CFU/L under the selected optimum disinfection condition, even if the influent concentrations fluctuated from 3.97×10(5) to 3.57×10(6) CFU/L. This finding implied that all effluents of continuous-flow-baffled-reactor with simultaneous US/UV disinfection could meet the requirements of the discharge standard of pollutants for municipal WWTP (GB 18918-2002) Class 1-A (1000 CFU/L) with a specific energy consumption of 0.219 kWh/m(3). Therefore, the US/UV disinfection process has great potential for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Hao Guo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zifu Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Junyuan Zhao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yupan Yun
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
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20
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Jang S, Kim DH, Yun YM, Lee MK, Moon C, Kang WS, Kwak SS, Kim MS. Hydrogen fermentation of food waste by alkali-shock pretreatment: microbial community analysis and limitation of continuous operation. Bioresour Technol 2015; 186:215-222. [PMID: 25817032 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the study, at first, batch tests were performed to investigate the effect of alkali-shock on H2 production from food waste (FW). After alkali-pretreatment of FW at pH 9.0-13.0, the FW was cultivated under mesophilic condition at pH 6.0 for 30 h without external inoculum addition. The amount of H2 production from FW pretreated at pH 11.0 and 12.0 was higher than that achieved in other pretreatment pH. The main metabolite was butyrate, and Clostridium were dominant at pH 11.0 and 12.0. Meanwhile, lactate was the main metabolite with Enterococcus and Streptococcus being the dominant genus at other pretreatment pH. When the batch process was switched to a continuous mode, H2 production was significantly dropped due to the increased activity of H2-consumers. The reliability of alkali-pretreatment at pH 11.0 was proven by repeating the scale-up batch process, recording 1.57±0.11 mol H2/mol hexose(added) (17±2LH2/kg FW) and 4.39±0.32LH2/L/d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Jang
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea; Division of Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Civil Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Myeong Yun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mo-Kwon Lee
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungman Moon
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Seok Kang
- Korea District Heating Corp. R&D Institute, 781 Yangjae-daero, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-220, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Shin Kwak
- Korea District Heating Corp. R&D Institute, 781 Yangjae-daero, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-220, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Kim
- Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea; Division of Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Ho SH, Ye X, Hasunuma T, Chang JS, Kondo A. Perspectives on engineering strategies for improving biofuel production from microalgae--a critical review. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1448-59. [PMID: 25285758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Although the potential for biofuel production from microalgae via photosynthesis has been intensively investigated, information on the selection of a suitable operation strategy for microalgae-based biofuel production is lacking. Many published reports describe competitive strains and optimal culture conditions for use in biofuel production; however, the major impediment to further improvements is the absence of effective engineering strategies for microalgae cultivation and biofuel production. This comprehensive review discusses recent advances in understanding the effects of major environmental stresses and the characteristics of various engineering operation strategies on the production of biofuels (mainly biodiesel and bioethanol) using microalgae. The performances of microalgae-based biofuel-producing systems under various environmental stresses (i.e., irradiance, temperature, pH, nitrogen depletion, and salinity) and cultivation strategies (i.e., fed-batch, semi-continuous, continuous, two-stage, and salinity-gradient) are compared. The reasons for variations in performance and the underlying theories of the various production strategies are also critically discussed. The aim of this review is to provide useful information to facilitate development of innovative and feasible operation technologies for effectively increasing the commercial viability of microalgae-based biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsin Ho
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Xiaoting Ye
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Biomass Engineering Program, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
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