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Liu N, Zhang H, Zhang C, Li Z, Huang L, Sun J, Qi J, Deng X, Huang N, Mu Y, Li Z, Tian H. DHX37 Is a Promising Prognostic Biomarker and a Therapeutic Target for Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy in HCC. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5228. [PMID: 37958405 PMCID: PMC10648173 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
DHX37, a member of the DEAD/H-box RNA helicase family, has been implicated in various diseases, including tumors. However, the biological characteristics and prognostic significance of DHX37 in HCC remain unclear. In this study, we use R software 3.6.3 and multiple bioinformatics analysis tools, such as GDSC, HPA, STRING, TISCH, and TIMER2, to analyze the characterization and function of DHX37 in HCC. In addition, Western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) based on clinical samples validated some of the findings. DHX37 was more highly expressed in HCC samples compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues. Higher DHX37 expression is correlated with various clinicopathological characteristics in HCC, including AFP, adjacent hepatic tissue inflammation, histologic grade, T stage, and pathologic stage. Survival analysis revealed that the high DHX37 group had significantly shorter overall survival (OS), progress-free interval (PFI), and disease-specific survival (DSS) compared to the low DHX37 group. By analyzing the correlation between DHX37 and the IC50 of chemotherapeutic drugs, the results showed that DHX37 expression level was negatively correlated with the IC50 of 11 chemotherapeutic drugs. Further analysis indicated that DHX37 and its co-expressed genes may play important roles in activating the cell cycle, DNA repair, chemokine signaling pathways, and regulating the immune response, which leads to a poor prognosis in HCC. High expression of DHX37 is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in HCC, and DHX37 is expected to be a potential target to inhibit tumor progression. Targeting DHX37 may enhance chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity and immunotherapeutic efficacy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanbin Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (N.L.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.H.); (J.S.); (X.D.); (N.H.); (Y.M.)
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, Xi’an 710004, China;
- Tumor and Immunology Center of Precision Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (N.L.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.H.); (J.S.); (X.D.); (N.H.); (Y.M.)
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, Xi’an 710004, China;
- Tumor and Immunology Center of Precision Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Chunli Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (N.L.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.H.); (J.S.); (X.D.); (N.H.); (Y.M.)
- Tumor and Immunology Center of Precision Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Zeyu Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (N.L.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.H.); (J.S.); (X.D.); (N.H.); (Y.M.)
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, Xi’an 710004, China;
- Tumor and Immunology Center of Precision Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Limin Huang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (N.L.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.H.); (J.S.); (X.D.); (N.H.); (Y.M.)
- Tumor and Immunology Center of Precision Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Jin Sun
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (N.L.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.H.); (J.S.); (X.D.); (N.H.); (Y.M.)
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, Xi’an 710004, China;
- Tumor and Immunology Center of Precision Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Junan Qi
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, Xi’an 710004, China;
- The First Ward of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Spleen Surgery, Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji 721008, China
| | - Xi Deng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (N.L.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.H.); (J.S.); (X.D.); (N.H.); (Y.M.)
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, Xi’an 710004, China;
- Tumor and Immunology Center of Precision Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Na Huang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (N.L.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.H.); (J.S.); (X.D.); (N.H.); (Y.M.)
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, Xi’an 710004, China;
- Tumor and Immunology Center of Precision Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Yanhua Mu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (N.L.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.H.); (J.S.); (X.D.); (N.H.); (Y.M.)
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, Xi’an 710004, China;
- Tumor and Immunology Center of Precision Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Zongfang Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (N.L.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.H.); (J.S.); (X.D.); (N.H.); (Y.M.)
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, Xi’an 710004, China;
- Tumor and Immunology Center of Precision Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Hongwei Tian
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (N.L.); (H.Z.); (C.Z.); (Z.L.); (L.H.); (J.S.); (X.D.); (N.H.); (Y.M.)
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, Xi’an 710004, China;
- Tumor and Immunology Center of Precision Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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de Oliveira FR, Mazzola TN, de Mello MP, Francese-Santos AP, Lemos-Marini SHVD, Maciel-Guerra AT, Hiort O, Werner R, Guerra-Junior G, Fabbri-Scallet H. DHX37 and NR5A1 Variants Identified in Patients with 46,XY Partial Gonadal Dysgenesis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051093. [PMID: 37240737 DOI: 10.3390/life13051093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The group of disorders known as 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis (GD) is characterized by anomalies in testis determination, including complete and partial GD (PGD) and testicular regression syndrome (TRS). Several genes are known to be involved in sex development pathways, however approximately 50% of all cases remain elusive. Recent studies have identified variants in DHX37, a gene encoding a putative RNA helicase essential in ribosome biogenesis and previously associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, as a cause of PGD and TRS. To investigate the potential role of DHX37 in disorders of sexual development (DSD), 25 individuals with 46,XY DSD were analyzed and putative pathogenic variants were found in four of them. WES analyses were performed on these patients. In DHX37, the variant p.(Arg308Gln), recurrent associated with DSD, was identified in one patient; the p.(Leu467Val), predicted to be deleterious, was found together with an NR5A1 loss-of-function variant in patient 2; and, the p.(Val999Met) was identified in two unrelated patients, one of whom (patient 3) also carried a pathogenic NR5A1 variant. For both patients carrying DHX37 and NR5A1 pathogenic variants, a digenic inheritance is suggested. Our findings support the importance of DHX37 variants as a cause of disorders of sex development, implying a role in testis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-875, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Taís Nitsch Mazzola
- Center for Investigation in Paediatric, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Maricilda Palandi de Mello
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-875, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Group for the Study of Sex Determination and Differentiation (GIEDDS), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Francese-Santos
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Sofia Helena V de Lemos-Marini
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Andrea Trevas Maciel-Guerra
- Interdisciplinary Group for the Study of Sex Determination and Differentiation (GIEDDS), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Olaf Hiort
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ralf Werner
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gil Guerra-Junior
- Interdisciplinary Group for the Study of Sex Determination and Differentiation (GIEDDS), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Helena Fabbri-Scallet
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-875, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Group for the Study of Sex Determination and Differentiation (GIEDDS), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
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Abstract
Recently, a series of recurrent missense variants in the RNA-helicase DHX37 have been reported associated with either 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis, 46,XY testicular regression syndrome (TRS), or anorchia. All affected children have non-syndromic forms of disorders/differences of sex development (DSD). These variants, which involve highly conserved amino acids within known functional domains of the protein, are predicted by in silico tools to have a deleterious effect on helicase function. DHX37 is required for ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes, and how these variants cause DSD is unclear. The relationship between DHX37 and human congenital disorders is complex as compound heterozygous as well as de novo heterozygous missense variants in DHX37 are also associated with a complex congenital developmental syndrome (NEDBAVC, neurodevelopmental disorder with brain anomalies and with or without vertebral or cardiac anomalies; OMIM 618731), consisting of microcephaly, global developmental delay, seizures, facial dysmorphia, and kidney and cardiac anomalies. Here, we will give a brief overview of ribosome biogenesis and the role of DHX37 in this process. We will discuss variants in DHX37, their contribution to human disease in the general context of human ribosomopathies, and the possible disease mechanisms that may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth McElreavey
- Human Developmental Genetics, CNRS UMR3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Eric Pailhoux
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Anu Bashamboo
- Human Developmental Genetics, CNRS UMR3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Zidoune H, Martinerie L, Tan DS, Askari M, Rezgoune D, Ladjouze A, Boukri A, Benelmadani Y, Sifi K, Abadi N, Satta D, Rastari M, Seresht-Ahmadi M, Bignon-Topalovic J, Mazen I, Leger J, Simon D, Brauner R, Totonchi M, Jauch R, Bashamboo A, McElreavey K. Expanding DSD Phenotypes Associated with Variants in the DEAH-Box RNA Helicase DHX37. Sex Dev 2021; 15:244-252. [PMID: 34293745 DOI: 10.1159/000515924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Missense variants in the RNA-helicase DHX37 are associated with either 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis or 46,XY testicular regression syndrome (TRS). DHX37 is required for ribosome biogenesis, and this subgroup of XY DSD is a new human ribosomopathy. In a cohort of 140 individuals with 46,XY DSD, we identified 7 children with either 46,XY complete gonadal dysgenesis or 46,XY TRS carrying rare or novel DHX37 variants. A novel p.R390H variant within the RecA1 domain was identified in a girl with complete gonadal dysgenesis. A paternally inherited p.R487H variant, previously associated with a recessive congenital developmental syndrome, was carried by a boy with a syndromic form of 46,XY DSD. His phenotype may be explained in part by a novel homozygous loss-of-function variant in the NGLY1 gene, which causes a congenital disorder of deglycosylation. Remarkably, a homozygous p.T477H variant was identified in a boy with TRS. His fertile father had unilateral testicular regression with typical male genital development. This expands the DSD phenotypes associated with DHX37. Structural analysis of all variants predicted deleterious effects on helicase function. Similar to all other known ribosomopathies, the mechanism of pathogenesis is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Housna Zidoune
- Human Developmental Genetics Unit, CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Department of Animal Biology, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria.,Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, University Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Laetitia Martinerie
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Université de Paris, Robert Debré University Hospital, Endocrinology-Diabetology Department, Reference Center for Growth and Development Endocrine Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Daisylyn S Tan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Masomeh Askari
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Djalila Rezgoune
- Department of Animal Biology, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria.,Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, University Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Constantine, Algeria
| | | | - Asma Boukri
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, CHU Ibn Badis Constantine, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Yasmina Benelmadani
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, University Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Karima Sifi
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, University Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Noureddine Abadi
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, University Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Dalila Satta
- Department of Animal Biology, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria.,Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, University Salah Boubnider Constantine 3, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Mandana Rastari
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrshad Seresht-Ahmadi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Inas Mazen
- Genetics Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Juliane Leger
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Université de Paris, Robert Debré University Hospital, Endocrinology-Diabetology Department, Reference Center for Growth and Development Endocrine Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Simon
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Université de Paris, Robert Debré University Hospital, Endocrinology-Diabetology Department, Reference Center for Growth and Development Endocrine Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Raja Brauner
- Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild and Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ralf Jauch
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anu Bashamboo
- Human Developmental Genetics Unit, CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Kenneth McElreavey
- Human Developmental Genetics Unit, CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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McElreavey K, Jorgensen A, Eozenou C, Merel T, Bignon-Topalovic J, Tan DS, Houzelstein D, Buonocore F, Warr N, Kay RGG, Peycelon M, Siffroi JP, Mazen I, Achermann JC, Shcherbak Y, Leger J, Sallai A, Carel JC, Martinerie L, Le Ru R, Conway GS, Mignot B, Van Maldergem L, Bertalan R, Globa E, Brauner R, Jauch R, Nef S, Greenfield A, Bashamboo A. Pathogenic variants in the DEAH-box RNA helicase DHX37 are a frequent cause of 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis and 46,XY testicular regression syndrome. Genet Med 2020; 22:150-159. [PMID: 31337883 PMCID: PMC6944638 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-019-0606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE XY individuals with disorders/differences of sex development (DSD) are characterized by reduced androgenization caused, in some children, by gonadal dysgenesis or testis regression during fetal development. The genetic etiology for most patients with 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis and for all patients with testicular regression syndrome (TRS) is unknown. METHODS We performed exome and/or Sanger sequencing in 145 individuals with 46,XY DSD of unknown etiology including gonadal dysgenesis and TRS. RESULTS Thirteen children carried heterozygous missense pathogenic variants involving the RNA helicase DHX37, which is essential for ribosome biogenesis. Enrichment of rare/novel DHX37 missense variants in 46,XY DSD is highly significant compared with controls (P value = 5.8 × 10-10). Five variants are de novo (P value = 1.5 × 10-5). Twelve variants are clustered in two highly conserved functional domains and were specifically associated with gonadal dysgenesis and TRS. Consistent with a role in early testis development, DHX37 is expressed specifically in somatic cells of the developing human and mouse testis. CONCLUSION DHX37 pathogenic variants are a new cause of an autosomal dominant form of 46,XY DSD, including gonadal dysgenesis and TRS, showing that these conditions are part of a clinical spectrum. This raises the possibility that some forms of DSD may be a ribosomopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken McElreavey
- Human Developmental Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| | - Anne Jorgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline Eozenou
- Human Developmental Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Tiphanie Merel
- Human Developmental Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Daisylyn Senna Tan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Federica Buonocore
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Nick Warr
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Raissa G G Kay
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Matthieu Peycelon
- AP-HP, Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Genetics and Embryology Department; Sorbonne Université; INSERM UMRS_933, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Robert-Debré, Pediatric Urology Department,; Reference Center for Rare Diseases (CRMR) Malformations Rares des Voies Urinaires (MARVU), Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Riley Children Hospital, Pediatric Urology Department; Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Siffroi
- AP-HP, Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau, Genetics and Embryology Department; Sorbonne Université; INSERM UMRS_933, Paris, France
| | - Inas Mazen
- Genetics Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - John C Achermann
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Juliane Leger
- Endocrinology et Diabetic Pediatrics, Hospital Robert Debre, Paris, France
| | - Agnes Sallai
- Second Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jean-Claude Carel
- Endocrinology et Diabetic Pediatrics, Hospital Robert Debre, Paris, France
| | | | - Romain Le Ru
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Gerard S Conway
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Institute for Women's Health UCL, London, UK
| | - Brigitte Mignot
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Lionel Van Maldergem
- Human Genetics Center, University Hospital, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Rita Bertalan
- First Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Evgenia Globa
- Ukrainian Center of Endocrine Surgery Endocrine Organs and Tissue Transplantation, MoH of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Raja Brauner
- Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild and Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Ralf Jauch
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Serge Nef
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andy Greenfield
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Anu Bashamboo
- Human Developmental Genetics Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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6
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Buonocore F, Clifford-Mobley O, King TFJ, Striglioni N, Man E, Suntharalingham JP, del Valle I, Lin L, Lagos CF, Rumsby G, Conway GS, Achermann JC. Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals Novel Genetic Variants (SRY, DMRT1, NR5A1, DHH, DHX37) in Adults With 46,XY DSD. J Endocr Soc 2019; 3:2341-2360. [PMID: 31745530 PMCID: PMC6855215 DOI: 10.1210/js.2019-00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The genetic basis of human sex development is slowly being elucidated, and >40 different genetic causes of differences (or disorders) of sex development (DSDs) have now been reported. However, reaching a specific diagnosis using traditional approaches can be difficult, especially in adults where limited biochemical data may be available. OBJECTIVE We used a targeted next-generation sequencing approach to analyze known and candidate genes for DSDs in individuals with no specific molecular diagnosis. PARTICIPANTS AND DESIGN We studied 52 adult 46,XY women attending a single-center adult service, who were part of a larger cohort of 400 individuals. Classic conditions such as17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency type 3, 5α-reductase deficiency type 2, and androgen insensitivity syndrome were excluded. The study cohort had broad working diagnoses of complete gonadal dysgenesis (CGD) (n = 27) and partially virilized 46,XY DSD (pvDSD) (n = 25), a group that included partial gonadal dysgenesis and those with a broad "partial androgen insensitivity syndrome" label. Targeted sequencing of 180 genes was undertaken. RESULTS Overall, a likely genetic cause was found in 16 of 52 (30.8%) individuals (22.2% CGD, 40.0% pvDSD). Pathogenic variants were found in sex-determining region Y (SRY; n = 3), doublesex and mab-3-related transcription factor 1 (DMRT1; n = 1), NR5A1/steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) (n = 1), and desert hedgehog (DHH; n = 1) in the CGD group, and in NR5A1 (n = 5), DHH (n = 1), and DEAH-box helicase 37 (DHX37; n = 4) in the pvDSD group. CONCLUSIONS Reaching a specific diagnosis can have clinical implications and provides insight into the role of these proteins in sex development. Next-generation sequencing approaches are invaluable, especially in adult populations or where diagnostic biochemistry is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Buonocore
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tom F J King
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Niccolò Striglioni
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elim Man
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jenifer P Suntharalingham
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ignacio del Valle
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lin Lin
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos F Lagos
- Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gill Rumsby
- Clinical Biochemistry, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard S Conway
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - John C Achermann
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Dong MB, Wang G, Chow RD, Ye L, Zhu L, Dai X, Park JJ, Kim HR, Errami Y, Guzman CD, Zhou X, Chen KY, Renauer PA, Du Y, Shen J, Lam SZ, Zhou JJ, Lannin DR, Herbst RS, Chen S. Systematic Immunotherapy Target Discovery Using Genome-Scale In Vivo CRISPR Screens in CD8 T Cells. Cell 2019; 178:1189-1204.e23. [PMID: 31442407 PMCID: PMC6719679 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CD8 T cells play essential roles in anti-tumor immune responses. Here, we performed genome-scale CRISPR screens in CD8 T cells directly under cancer immunotherapy settings and identified regulators of tumor infiltration and degranulation. The in vivo screen robustly re-identified canonical immunotherapy targets such as PD-1 and Tim-3, along with genes that have not been characterized in T cells. The infiltration and degranulation screens converged on an RNA helicase Dhx37. Dhx37 knockout enhanced the efficacy of antigen-specific CD8 T cells against triple-negative breast cancer in vivo. Immunological characterization in mouse and human CD8 T cells revealed that DHX37 suppresses effector functions, cytokine production, and T cell activation. Transcriptomic profiling and biochemical interrogation revealed a role for DHX37 in modulating NF-κB. These data demonstrate high-throughput in vivo genetic screens for immunotherapy target discovery and establishes DHX37 as a functional regulator of CD8 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Dong
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; System Biology Institute, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Yale MD-PhD Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Immunobiology Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Guangchuan Wang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; System Biology Institute, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Ryan D Chow
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; System Biology Institute, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Yale MD-PhD Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Lupeng Ye
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; System Biology Institute, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Lvyun Zhu
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; System Biology Institute, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Dai
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; System Biology Institute, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Jonathan J Park
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; System Biology Institute, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Yale MD-PhD Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Hyunu R Kim
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; System Biology Institute, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Youssef Errami
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; System Biology Institute, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Christopher D Guzman
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; System Biology Institute, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Immunobiology Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Combined Program in the Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; System Biology Institute, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Krista Y Chen
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; System Biology Institute, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; The College, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Paul A Renauer
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; System Biology Institute, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Combined Program in the Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yaying Du
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; System Biology Institute, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Johanna Shen
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; System Biology Institute, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; The College, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Stanley Z Lam
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; System Biology Institute, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; The College, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jingjia J Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; System Biology Institute, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; The College, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Donald R Lannin
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Breast Cancer Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510, USA; Smilow Cancer Hospital, 35 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06510; Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Roy S Herbst
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Smilow Cancer Hospital, 35 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06510; Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sidi Chen
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; System Biology Institute, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Integrated Science & Technology Center, Yale University, 850 W Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Yale MD-PhD Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Immunobiology Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Combined Program in the Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Center for Biomedical Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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