In MH, Tan ET, Trzasko JD, Shu Y, Kang D, Yarach U, Tao S, Gray EM, Huston J, Bernstein MA. Distortion-free imaging: A double encoding method (
DIADEM) combined with multiband imaging for rapid distortion-free high-resolution diffusion imaging on a compact 3T with high-performance gradients.
J Magn Reson Imaging 2019;
51:296-310. [PMID:
31111581 DOI:
10.1002/jmri.26792]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Distortion-free, high-resolution diffusion imaging using DIADEM (Distortion-free Imaging: A Double Encoding Method), proposed recently, has great potential for clinical applications. However, it can suffer from prolonged scan times and its reliability for quantitative diffusion imaging has not been evaluated.
PURPOSE
To investigate the clinical feasibility of DIADEM-based high-resolution diffusion imaging on a novel compact 3T (C3T) by evaluating the reliability of quantitative diffusion measurements and utilizing both the high-performance gradients (80 mT/m, 700 T/m/s) and the sequence optimization with the navigator acquisition window reduction and simultaneous multislice (multiband) imaging.
STUDY TYPE
Prospective feasibility study.
PHANTOM/SUBJECTS
Diffusion quality control phantom scans to evaluate the reliability of quantitative diffusion measurements; 36 normal control scans for B0 -field mapping; six healthy and two patient subject scans with a brain tumor for comparisons of diffusion and anatomical imaging.
FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE
3T; the standard single-shot echo-planar-imaging (EPI), multishot DIADEM diffusion, and anatomical (2D-FSE [fast-spin-echo], 2D-FLAIR [fluid-attenuated-inversion-recovery], and 3D-MPRAGE [magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo]) imaging.
ASSESSMENT
The scan time reduction, the reliability of quantitative diffusion measurements, and the clinical efficacy for high-resolution diffusion imaging in healthy control and brain tumor volunteers.
STATISTICAL TEST
Bland-Altman analysis.
RESULTS
The scan time for high in-plane (0.86 mm2 ) resolution, distortion-free, and whole brain diffusion imaging were reduced from 10 to 5 minutes with the sequence optimizations. All of the mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in phantom were within the 95% confidence interval in the Bland-Altman plot. The proposed acquisition with a total off-resonance coverage of 597.2 Hz wider than the expected bandwidth of 500 Hz in human brain could yield a distortion-free image without foldover artifacts. Compared with EPI, therefore, this approach allowed direct image matching with the anatomical images and enabled improved delineation of the tumor boundaries.
DATA CONCLUSION
The proposed high-resolution diffusion imaging approach is clinically feasible on C3T due to a combination of hardware and sequence improvements.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:296-310.
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